...Globalization vs. Localization Discussion Points: 1. Leave it to the corporations, bankers and global bureaucracies – “the only route out of poverty for the world's poor” – to do the planning and solve the world's problems. So far, almost all of the evidence from the past three decades (1970-2000) - the period of economic globalization's most rapid ascendancy - shows that it is bringing exactly the opposite outcome that its advocates claim. Clearly, poverty and inequality are rapidly accelerating everywhere on earth. A 1999 report by the United Nations Development Program found that inequalities between rich and poor within and among countries are quickly expanding, and that the global trading and finance system is one of the primary causes. Even the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) confirms the United Nations' (UN) conclusions, agreeing that globalization brings massive inequalities. The benefits of globalization do not reach the poor, says the CIA, and the process inevitably brings increased global protest and chaos. Robert Wade of the London School of Economics, wrote in The Economist (2001), "Global inequality is worsening rapidly...Technological change and financial liberalization result in a disproportionately fast increase in the number of households at the extreme rich end, without shrinking the distribution at the poor end...From 1988 to 1993, the share of the world income going to the poorest 10 percent of the world's population fell by over a quarter...
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...Republic of the Philippines SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY Lianga Campus Lianga, Surigao del Sur _________________________________________________________________¬_ Final Examination in MAEM 207 Organizational Development and Management Test I- Say something about the following choose only 3. (5 points each). 1. Globalization Vs. Localization in Education 2. Organizational Management Vs. Organizational Development 3. Organizational Effectiveness Vs. Organizational Efficiency 4. Management Control Vs. Management Evaluation 5. Management Theories Vs. Management Approaches Test – II- Answer the following in questions substantially. Select only 3. ( 20 points each) 1. Discuss the framework of Organizational Development. Cite at least 3 theories as its foundation. Explain its roles or contribution towards organizational change and effectiveness. 2. Identify the complete O.D. process according to Newstrom and Davis. Explain each component viz-a-viz the concept and praxis in the context of school management. 3. Gender and Development ( GAD) is an issues (given) to be addressed by every Agency of the Government. In the context of educational, how will you address this in your school management and development? 4. Total Quality Management (TQM) by Deming is a challenging strategy. Identify or trace its effectiveness to organizational management and development. 5. Attaining Development or success in an organization in a matter of leadership...
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...What is more important Globalization or Localization? I think that localization is more important. Localization reflects in different aspects, such as politics, education, economics, culture, transnational corporations etc. Now I will justify my point of view by pointing out the importance of transnational companies’ localization. First , let’s see what is localization. In short, localization is the process of adapting a product to specific market. Here are some reasons why the localization of transnational corporations is very important： 1.In different countries and regions consumers have different demands. In order to satisfy different demands, corporations should implement localized strategies. For example, one American corporation once tried to sell rice cookers in Japan. In their advertisement was said that if you use this cooker you will make a delicious rice, save a lot of time and make your life comfortable. But this company failed to profit in Japanese market just because Japanese women regard using rice cooker as being lazy and being lazy makes them feel ashamed. Maybe if the advertisement was something like “this rice cookers will make a delicious rice and make your husband happy” everything would be better. In Kazakhstan for instance, if you want to sell a rice cooker you don’t need to talk much about how good the quality is. Just tell the people that it is made in China, Japan or Korea. In Kazakhstan people normally don’t eat rice, the rice cooker, which...
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...------------------------------------------------- Le Toan Dang s3344033 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen Thuy Van s3325150 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen TheThanh s3344060 ------------------------------------------------- Nguyen Truong Khanh Ngoc S3344067 ------------------------------------------------- * Case Study Summary: The case study “The Implication of Globalization for Consumer Attitudes” is all about the anti-globalization trend, the important of localization site and the main factors e-businesses have to consider when they expand their company internationally. There are two main reasons which be stated in the case study regarding localization site. First of all is the advantage of using local language, in some European countries, they are not appreciating the trend “globalization” as “Americanization” because it makes people feel negatively about capitalism and the English language; so using local language would help company present a “home side” image with customers. Secondly, site localization will help e-businesses have a clearer view about customer specific demands at different places. To be successful using...
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...Global Strategic Management Control Class Assignments 11/1/2015 Kavitha Balakrishnan I. Select firms by yourself and describe process of internationalization of selected firm using a relevant framework to explain. * What is Internationalization? * As the process of increasing involvement in international operation. * Internationalization envelops all activities that a company undertakes with regards to its relations with foreign markets. * Internationalization can take many forms, such as investing in a foreign country (foreign direct investment), forming partnerships with foreign companies, subcontracting foreign experts, taking part in international networks, and many more. * Why consider going international? * To increase overall customer base * To offset seasonal fluctuations in local markets * To minimize risk of losing market share to clients who themselves use internet to find goods\ services in overseas markets * To offset increasing costs of doing business at home * To gain prestige with customers at home * Why STARBUCKS? In a globalized world where every company has the opportunity to explore the world in search of other profitable markets, there are different challenges and opportunities faced. I would like to explain this by focusing on Starbucks, one of the world’s leading coffee chains. Starbucks has come a long way from a coffee bean retailer to one of the world’s most recognized...
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...Kenneth Meniatis Ajan Wannapa International Relations Globalization Looking back on high school, I can recall walking through the hallways, seeing people and groups of all kinds. The hallways were lined with various groups of different people with diverse ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of one of these groups. However, my clique inter-mingled with others as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some various cliques that did the same; as they did not isolate themselves from the rest of high school life. However, there were also other kinds of groups which committed themselves to their group solely, isolating themselves from everyone else. Now, let’s take these cliques and groups and turn them into full-scale nations. The high school, in turn, becomes the world. The cliques that stayed isolated would be classified under the term, localization. The people that intertwined with others would be classified under the term, globalization. There are advantages and disadvantages to both globalization and localization. Globalization encourages going beyond territorial boundaries to discover new political, economic, and social aspects that would benefit the citizens and the nation. Politically, globalization supports developments that expand authority, policies, and interests beyond these boundaries. Governments now will look to foreign governments for assistance if they are facing a difficult situation. Governments will also incorporate foreign political...
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...local teastes and customs in china. International markets offer vast opportunities for firms with a product or service in high demand. Howeer globalization also brings about intense competition in markets that in the past have been domincated by domestic firms. Newness, cultural adaptation, attractiveness, and appropriate marketing strategies can help tremendously. Following are the factors for success in international markets: 1. Accurate assessment of market potential 2. Selection of right product mix 3. Appropriate adjustment in distribution 4. Pricing 5. Packaging 6. Advertising Assessing Market potential To assess market potential, firms seek to identify the aggregate demand for a product and estimate the costs associated with product introduction and distribution. Population growth provides a coarse estimate of future market potential and so do consumption patterns, which are dynamic. Accessibility, profitability and market size all play a major role in deciding market priority. Globalization and Localization in International Markets Striking a balance between globalization and localization is a key challenge. Lack of marketing globalization has proved to be detrimental to performance; however the same is true for indiscriminate standardization of marketing practices without attention to localization forces. Generally, the more closely defines the market segment, the less important are national stereotypes (Germans and ecology, Italians on...
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...Globalization @ SAP Globalization Drives Business SAP Globalization Services Erik Törnqvist, LPM for ERP Financials, Sweden Agenda 1 2 3 4 Globalization @ SAP and Globalization Services Globalization Strategy Internationalization Localization 5 6 7 © Translation Service Offerings Highlights / Case Studies 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2 Agenda 1 2 3 4 Globalization @ SAP and Globalization Services Globalization Strategy Internationalization Localization 5 6 7 © Translation Service Offerings Highlights / Case Studies 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 3 Business Trends That Foster SAP’s Value Proposition 1 Customers don’t want a product, they want to get a job done. 2 Growing speed and scope of global change. SAP offers the best solution portfolio to leverage these trends. With SAP, companies are ready for: Innovation at the speed of each business Transformation from built-to-last enterprises to built-to-adapt business networks Performance optimization closed loop from strategy to execution and back again The challenges of a globalized economy © 2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 4 Globalization @ SAP Facts and Figures Globalization is a key differentiator for SAP in a competitive market Global customer base in >140 countries > 60 country version covering legal requirements delivered 39 languages delivered for various solutions ~ 1100 persons are working on globalization topics Strong commitment to customers ...
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...Conventional Manufacturing Process, Reform of Supply Chain and Importance of Localization 1. INTRODUCTION 3d printers revolutionize the manufacturing process and even a single printer can produce enormously different types of parts and products such as shoes, appliances, auto and airplane parts, foods and bones. 3d printers use variety of materials including plastics, metals, ceramics, glass, paper, food, and even human tissue. The production takes place in various locations, namely small businesses, hospitals, homes, etc. where there were previously no manufacturing capabilities at all. Since industrial revolution, manufacturing has been associated with production lines, assembly lines and distributed supply chains....
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... With 107 subsidiaries devoted to innovation globally, ZTE was the world’s biggest originator of technology patents in each of the past two years, according to data from the World Intellectual Property Organization. It is the world’s fourth-largest mobile phone manufacture measured by 2012 unit sales and the world’s fifth-largest telecoms equipment marker measured by 2012 revenues (after Ericsson, Huawei, Samsung, and Nokia Siemens Networks). (2012 Annual Report from ZTE Corporation, n.d.) Ⅱ Globalization of ZTE Globalization is the process of reducing the costs of transactions, tariffs and non-tariff barriers, transportation and time. Before globalization, the firm and its rivals had the same outlook, cultural background, labor force, comparable skills and technology. The company and its competitors fought for the same customers. (Spulber, 2007) From 1995, ZTE started the long and difficult international journey and earned a place in telecommunication industry. 1. Globalization of production Though internationalization, ZTE makes full use of low cost as core competitions to meet the needs of clients globally and takes different...
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...includes environmental scanning and continuous monitoring to keep abreast of variable around the world that are pertinent to the firm and that have the potential to shape its future by posing new opportunities. Environmental scanning is the process of gathering information and forecasting relevant trends, competitive actions, and circumstances that will affect operations in geographic areas of potential interest. Scanning should focus on the future interests of the firm should cover the following major variables. 6. Discuss the relative advantages of globalization versus regionalization/localization. Advantages of globalization versus regionalization/localization while globalization supports integration of different cultures, countries and societies across the globe; on the other hand regionalization or localization encourages economic and social harmony limited to a certain Geography such as North America or Europe. Globalization allows many organizations to expand their business across the...
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...Globalization has been defined by many as eliminating barriers that prevent trade, increase worldwide communication and integrate many cultures. As globalization increases among us, the job of many Human Resources Teams has to implement training for leaders of and for diverse backgrounds. This will be challenging but if there are programs in place that can be tailored to suit diversity the future leaders will be more prepared and confident as leaders, when placed in management positions worldwide. The author of article Developing Global Leaders by Pankaj Ghemawat, wrote about the need for companies to prepare their leaders for globalization and five myths about globalization. As globalization increases, many companies here in the United States have not had success where leadership is concerned within the global market, due to lack of training. Many leaders are simply not prepared. A survey has shown that 76 percent of companies have failed due to poor leadership. Meaning global leaders that have been representing their companies are not competent. With the rapid increase of globalization many companies aim to increase trade; however it is very important to have at least the same language spoken as not speaking the same language can decrease the trade volume by thirty percent. Many multi-national companies are encountering difficulties as they expand globally. In comparison to Europe and the United States for instance, Asia’s emerging companies face multiple difficulties where...
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...foreign growth, with over 70 percent of case volume being in foreign markets. To reach the iconic status, Coca-Cola has gone through multiple organizational changes in strategy and in structure. Roberto Goizueta changing strategy from localization to globalization, and its benefits In 1981 when Roberto Goizueta became the CEO of Coca-Cola, he decided to change the strategy of the company from one focused on localization to a more standardized, global one. The strategy was changed in order to save on costs, which are considerably higher when using a localization plan, compared to a globalization approach. When a product becomes standardized, its production becomes much cheaper, rather than a customized item under a localization strategy. By cutting the cost Coca-Cola could aggressively price their products in international markets to gain market share, and increase consumption which was at low levels of 10-15 percent compared to that of the U.S. (Hill, 2013). Yet another benefit of a globalization approach is the centralization of decision making, which allows the firm to see the entire picture of their products performance worldwide, and take appropriate action to improve it when necessary. Douglas Daft shifting strategy back to localization The limitations of Goizueta’s strategy, which persuaded Douglas Daft to shift away from it, included lack of attention to local markets, inflexibility and centralized decision making. A complete lack of a local strategy,...
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...Toyota’s Globalization Strategies Identify what ‘drivers’ have been influential in Toyota’s pursuit of globalization Toyota’s journey to become a global automotive firm has had a number of key drivers. The leadership of first Sakichi and Kiichiro Toyada in the early days, and then Fujio Cho in the later years have been crucial in Toyota developing the ambition to succeed on a global basis. Of the ‘drivers’ of globalization discussed in chapter three, some have played a more important role others. Cultural homogenization has played some part as populations in emerging economies, in particular, aspire to car ownership. Countries like China, India and Brazil are seen as huge potential markets for Toyota as an increasing middle class seek car ownership to affirm their status. Economies of scale and scope was a significant driver as Toyota utilized scale economies by opening manufacturing plants in low-cost countries, and exploited scope economies by sharing significant parts across product lines and with other manufacturers in joint ventures. Technological developments had some effect, but Toyota took the decision to centralize these activities in its global operations in its third globalization program. Deregulation and the lowering of trade barriers gets little mention in the case study, but was influential in that how China opened up its markets to outsiders, in turn, shaped how Toyota moved into that market through the setting up of alliances and joint ventures...
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...Standardization, Localization, Culture and Market Research in International Marketing Strategies Adamu Yushau Usumanu This Paper is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for International Marketing Management course SMC University School of Management Dr. Babu P. George May 19 , 2014 Abstract The research paper discussed standardization and localization strategies, where standardization strategy refer to a common marketing program cutting across nations and marketing segments, while localization strategy seek to adapt products and marketing strategy to the specific characteristics of individual markets. The paper further identified the advantages and disadvantages of standardization and localization strategies in the context of international marketing. The role of cultural pattern in society and its effect on consumption were also discussed, where culture refer to a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people. Cultural patterns exert a great influence on consumption in a social setting. The paper finally discussed the need for a business entity to carry out a research on differences in language culture, regulations governing marketing before entering a new international market. Key Words Marketing Strategy, Standardization, Localization,, International Marketing, Cultural Patterns, Marketing Mix, Market Research Introduction The discussions concerning globalization has...
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