1. Explain the principles of statistical quality control. What are the tools used for this purpose? Explain the principle of a control chart. * Statistical quality control is using data rather than intuition/experience to make decisions. The tools used to do this data collection include: Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagram, flow chart, trend chart, histogram, scatter diagram, and control chart. The control chart helps determine if a process is in a state of statistical control or not.

2. Explain the concept of lean principles. * Lean principles is a systematic approach to identifying and elimination waste through continuous improvement, flowing the product at the pull of the customer in pursuit of perfection.

3. What is an “Ishikawa” diagram? When should the Ishikawa diagram be used? Provide a procedure to construct an Ishikawa diagram. * The Ishikawa diagram is an instrument used to detail the cause and effects of materials, machines, methods, and measurements on the overall quality of a product. In order to construct it, draw a single arrow towards quality and from the arrow branches out the different causes based on the 4Ms.

4. What is total quality management (TQM)? What is the difference between TQM and TQC? * Total quality management is taking steps to figure out the defects of a product before it reaches the final stage, whereas total quality control is the running and shipping stage and if a defect is found it is sent back to the TQM stages or thrown out.

5. Explain the differences between validation and verification. * The difference between validation and verification is the level of assurance that comes with the terms. Whilst validation assures the quality of something, verification simply determines whether something has attained set standards.

6. Explain the differences between failure, error, and