...Haiti: Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital SOC 300 5 March 2015 Haiti: Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital Due to capital limitations, most governments, particularly in the developing nations borrow funds from their bilateral friends and organizations such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in earnest to enable them pursue development projects, and sometimes to correct balance-of-payment deficits. Nevertheless, such governments must adhere to some outlined conditions that are spelt out in the article of agreement in order for them to secure the loans; otherwise, the loans are withheld (White, 2012). Equally, a healthy population significantly contributes to economic development of a nation in various ways. This paper outlines how Haiti, one of the developing states, has used loans and grants for development. In addition, the paper outlines how a healthy population affects Haiti’s economic development. How Funding from IMF and World Bank and Other Financial Institutions Affects Haiti’s Economic and Political Development Since her independence up to date, Haiti remains to be heavily indebted because the country borrows from World Bank, IMF, bilateral friends, and from regional banks such as IADB. By June 2009, Haiti’s debts totaled to $1.2 billion (Frankema & Masé, 2014), whereby most of these debts are taken with an aim of funding development projects and correcting her balance-of-payments. However, the funds are...
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...Abstract Haiti is a small Caribbean country with serious hunger problem for many years. Even in 1980s, Haiti had advanced agriculture and hunger problem was far from this country. However, the local wars and conflicts happened in 1990s changed this. Agriculture was disturbed and hunger problem became more and more serious. It has been the key problem of Haitian development so Haitian government and international society have taken lots of measures to improve this situation. The major international supports were from the US and some EU countries. Plenty of data and reports show that hunger population in Haiti has been reduced a lot. Haiti will be most likely to achieve the Millennium Development Goal pronounced in 2000 by 2015. Hunger: the key problem in Haitian development “Civilization as it is known today could not have evolved, nor can it survive, without an adequate food supply” (Borlaug, 1970). However, the hunger problem troubles a quarter of the world’s population even in these years. The problem of world hunger is serious and has affected economic development in many countries. It is common knowledge that food is the first necessity of people, but to solve the problem of feeding a population of about 6.5 billion is a big challenge to the world. Lindsay (2008) reports that food is in short supply every year because there is not enough to satisfy people’s demand in the impoverished countries. However, food security is the basis of the social development in the world...
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...The country of Haiti gained independence in 1804 it is geographically located in the Caribbean Sea and its capital is Port-au-Prince. The official languages are Haitian Creole and French. Haiti shares a border with the Dominican Republic located to the east. The country’s system of governance is a republic. Based on numerous economic reports and modeling tools such as The World Bank, Transparency International, and the U.S. State Department among others. Haiti consistently ranks as one of the poorest countries when extreme poverty and a low level of development, is factored into the results. However, in recent years Haiti’s growth is steadied mainly due to the United States initiated incentives. According to The World Bank (2015) the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Haiti was last recorded at $810 U.S. dollars in 2013....
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...GENDER ASSESSMENT USAID/HAITI June, 2006 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DevTech Systems, Inc. GENDER ASSESSMENT FOR USAID/HAITI COUNTRY STRATEGY STATEMENT Author: Alexis Gardella DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. 2 Gender Assessment USAID/Haiti TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements Acronyms Executive Summary 5 6 7 1. GENDER DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1.1 Demographics 1.2 Maternal Mortality 1.3 Fertility 1.4 Contraceptive Use 1.5 HIV Infection 1.6 Education 1.7 Economic Growth 1.8 Labor 1.9 Agriculture and Rural Income 1.10 Rural and Urban Poverty 1.11 Environmental Degradation 9 10 11 12 2. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF GENDER IN HAITIAN SOCIETY 2.1 Status of Haitian Women 2.2 Haitian Social Structure: Rural 2.2.1 Community Level 2.2.2 Inter-Household Level 2.2.3 Intra-Household relations 2.2.4 Economic Division of Labor 2.3 Economic System 2.4 Urban Society 13 3. ONGOING USAID ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF GENDER FACTORS OR GENDER-BASED CONSTRAINTS 3.1 Sustainable Increased Income for the Poor (521-001) 3.2 Healthier Families of Desired Size (521-003) 3.3 Increased Human Capacity (521-004) 3.4 Genuinely Inclusive Democratic Governance Attained (521-005) 3.5 Streamlined Government (521-006) 3.6 Tropical Storm Recovery Program...
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...In 1991, Haiti faced a coup by military authorities against its democratically elected President Aristide. The election had been supported by the United Nations to testify of its smooth functioning (United Nations, n.d.). This military coup led to three years of economic collapse and repressions perpetrated by the new regime. The importance of the number of migrants who were arriving in the United States persuaded the United Nations to intervene in Haiti through a peacekeeping mission in 1994 (Vree &Satake, n.d.). The UN intervention allowed a come back of the former elected representatives but it was the former Prime minister who became President, Rene Preval. This new election led to six years of economic growth, then, Haiti began to face a period of recession. In the same time, Mr...
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...Abstract The purpose of this paper is to focus on the objectives of the American involvement in the occupation of the Caribbean nation of Haiti. Highlighted are the pretenses under which America began their involvement and the subsequent results of the invasion. The economic, political and social effects that the US had on the Haitian community had it’s successes in areas such as the rebuilind of the infrastructure, but were significantly countered with blatant violations in human rights laws and corruption within the government. These areas of failure reject the fundamental basis of what a successful counterinsurgency entails. Although there is much evidence of successes and failures in Haiti, to conclude, a realist argument will be presented in order to provide some answers as to why decisions were made to occupy Haiti under a COIN objective, but withdraw without meeting those objectives. Keywords: cacos, violence, attitudes, counterinsurgency “For our forebears, for our country, Oh God of the valiant! Take our rights and our life under your infinite protection, Oh God of the valiant! For our forebears, for our country.” –Haitian National Anthem Haiti, which is officially the Republic of Haiti, is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. The country's capital is Port-au-Prince. Haitian Creole and French are the...
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...counties leadership is lacking integrity, than a corrupt country cannot develop, which causes the country to become even more corrupt. In addition, the corrupt countries economy suffers with the potential depletion of their national wealth. However, the damage of corruption on society is most damaging of all. Country corruption and unethical behavior diminishes trust in the government, politics, and leadership of their country. This in turn creates the potential for more unethical behavior and corruption in that society. Overall, the environment of that country suffers and only creates a domino effect of more unethical behavior and corruption across the spectrum. Haiti has been ranked as one of the most corrupt country in the World by Transparency International. Once a tourist’s attraction, Haiti was one of the most beautiful mountainous countries of the Caribbean Islands now it is pledge by corruption and a government that lacks moral and integrity. It was the world's first black-led republic and the first Caribbean state to achieve independence. But it has suffered from decades of poverty, environmental degradation, violence, instability and dictatorship which have left it as the poorest nation in the Americas. The Haitian government has been plagued with corruption from the beginning of its existence. The main source of corruption in this...
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...Review of Haiti’s Monetary Sector and Gross Domestic Product The country of Haiti was originally from an Indian word meaning “high land”. Haiti is known to own up to its name due to the land being covered in about four-fifths with mountains. According to “Haiti”, there are three mountain ranges which run east to west, and separate the country into valleys and fecund plains known as Massif du Nord, Massif de la Hotte, and Massif de la Salle. Stated in “The World Book of Encyclopedia”, “the country lies in the western part of the island Hispolonia in the West Indies, which reaches out into the Windward Passage in two peninsulas, which lays the Gulf of Gonaives” .The country is approximately the same size as Maryland. With 450 citizens to...
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...The Haitian Diaspora in the Bahamas By Ria N.M. Treco Florida International University Department of International Relations April 17, 2002 Introduction Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with about 80% of the Haitian population living in abject poverty [1]. Many factors contribute to the economic status of this country including: lack of proper education, overpopulation, environmental problems, and subsequent lack of jobs. All of these factors must be pointed out in order for one to fully understand the reasons for the mass migration that is taking place from Haiti into other countries of the world and more specifically into the Bahamas. Haiti has one of the lowest adult literacy rates in the world with only 48.8% of the total population above age 15 being able to read and write simple sentences. According to the Human Development Report, Haiti ranks 134 out of 162 countries for the adult literacy rate. Furthermore, Oxfam International ranks only four countries in the world lower than Haiti for the availability of basic education for its people. There is inadequate healthcare in Haiti as well. In 1999, the US Agency for International Development in Haiti implemented new programs to make Haitians aware of family planning, however, only half the population of Haiti has access to these facilities. This is closely related to the problem of overpopulation in Haiti. Haiti is one of the most densely populated countries of the Western Hemisphere with upwards of...
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...The early history of Haiti is tragic and unique. Throughout history, this small country has suffered from natural disasters, poverty, racial discrimination, lack of economic resources, and political instability. Haiti is located in the Caribbean next to the Dominican Republic, on Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, as well as the area’s largest hurricane track, bringing it bad luck geographically (Henley). On January 1, 1804, Haiti declared independence from France, and in 1805, Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared himself the Emperor of Haiti. Dessalines was an important military leader who worked with Toussaint L'Ouverture and gave the country of Haiti its name. Toussaint L'Ouverture was one of the main leaders of the Haitian independence movement during the French Revolution (Jean-Jacques Dessalines). Since then, Haiti’s government has become more democratic and is currently run by Prime Minister, Evans Paul....
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...Caribbean Development: An Overview Paul Sutton * Development is generally recognised as a complex multifaceted process of economic, social, political, environmental and cultural change, which results in increases in the well-being of people and extends their rights and choices in the present without compromising the abilities of future generations to enjoy these benefits. In the Caribbean the economic, social and political elements of development have held centre stage in the last fifty years. Typically they have been (and are) represented in the form of rising incomes (greater Gross Domestic Product per capita), social progress (improved welfare through education and health programmes and gender equality) and political freedoms (independence, administrative efficiency and democracy). In the last fifteen years environmental issues have slowly risen on the development agenda as well as, more recently, cultural issues such as artistic expression and various forms of identity. Any exploration of development in the region is therefore very wide. The focus of this paper is on the traditional agenda - economic, social and political development in that order. This is not because these aspects are in any sense ‘superior’ to other forms of development (although the economic dimension remains dominant within the development discourse and within the Caribbean), but because it permits the long view - to look back at development policy to situate where the theory and practice of development...
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...M14/3/ECONO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 22145113 ECONOMICS STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Tuesday 6 May 2014 (morning) 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Do are not permitted access to any calculator for this paper. You Section A: answer one question. Section B: answer one question. fully labelled diagrams and references to the text/data where appropriate. Use maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks]. The 2214-5113 9 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 M14/3/ECONO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX –2– SECTION A Answer one question from this section. 1. Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. Japan in first trade gap since 1963 Japan’s current account surplus fell 85.5 in November 2011 from a year earlier to % 138.5 billion Japanese yen (Japan’s currency) ($1.80 billion), the Ministry of Finance said. In 2011, Japan recorded its first deficit in its balance of trade in goods since 1963. The appreciation of the Japanese yen against the dollar has reduced Japan’s current account surplus. The Japanese yen gained 8.5 % against the dollar in the 12 months since January 2011. The currency has acquired a new and unusual status as a safe haven, reinforced by the eurozone debt crisis since international investors are concerned about the single European currency. It is estimated that a 1 % gain in the Japanese yen could reduce...
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...SIMON August 25th, 2013 Brad Simon Clean, Tasty, Refreshing Clean, Tasty, Refreshing Table of Contents I. Table of Contents2 II. Executive Summary3 III. Industry Analysis4 IV. Country Attractiveness Assessment9 V. Market Database and Assessment15 VI. Global Marketing Plan19 VII. Financials24 VIII. Assessing Risk Factors28 IX. The Management Plan33 X. Summary38 XI. References39 II. Executive Summary Alvi H2O Inc. is an industry that provides new portable water purifier using Bio Sand Filter to target Haiti where there is a need in clean drinking water. The product is in high demand in Haiti as the country recovers from the 2010 earthquake. The company began in June 2013 with Alvaro Padilla as the president and founder. He is also the chief executive of operations and oversees all the operations in the business. He has the capability of running this business successfully since he holds an International Master in Business Administration. The management team to the company is also composed of Andrew Yap as the director of operations whose role is to oversee all the operational aspects of the business and Kimberly Taylor who will assist the director of operations in controlling and organizing resources in the organization. In addition, all of the management team will have the capacity to enable the company to achieve its goals and objectives. Business management and administration are major requirements for all our management team in order to...
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...institution (MFI) operates. Generally speaking, MFI provides micro loans or insurance to the poor to spur their self-reliant entrepreneurs. On one hand, micro loans give the low-income people an opportunity to discover full potential for developing their own business and to bring home the bacon. On the other hand, micro insurance helps the poor manage variety risks, such as health risk and property risks, and sustain the business development. How the micro insurance works is revealed in the path to restoration after severe storm hitting Haiti in June 2011. Fonkoze, the largest MFI in Haiti, collaborated with the Microinsurance Catastrophe Risk Organization (MiCRO) to provide natural disaster insurance coverage to its clients after heavy rainfall which caused damage in Haiti. The insurance helped the borrowers to pay back the outstanding debt, have access to another loan to rebuild their lives, and receive small compensation for loss of property. This example demonstrates the positive influence on viability of micro finance products to support a sustainable economic growth in developing countries. According to the 2009 MFI benchmarks provided by Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX)1, Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region has the largest FMIs number as well as yield on gross portfolio among four continents. (Figure 1) Even though microfinance has its long history, which can be traced back to the 1970s, and the mechanism was gradually improved, sustaining the operation...
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...Hope for Haiti? On January 12th, 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck ten miles from Haiti’s capital Port-au-Prince, plummeting the already poorest country in the Western Hemisphere completely to the ground (Huttes 1). The Earth shook violently for 35 seconds, “walls rippled as if they were made of liquid,” and Haitians ran out onto the streets screaming, thinking the rapture had arrived (Woolley 41). Within days, millions of dollars of foreign aid flowed into Haiti, but every day remained a struggle for survival. 230,000 Haitians were killed instantly, morgues soon overflowed, and the stench of flesh contaminated the streets. The death toll grew so large that corpses were hauled to mass graves to be buried with hundreds of their fellow countrymen. Identities were lost forever, and hundreds and thousands of children were orphaned and left homeless. The scale of the disaster was massive beyond comprehension, and foreign aid reached only small fractions of the population. The outside world began to ask, “What would it take to rebuild Haiti?” More importantly, “What would it take to remove Haiti from their 200 year pattern of poverty and failure (Smith)?” Throughout its history, Haiti has constantly depended on foreign aid, especially from the United States and France. Today, over two years after the earthquake, they’re still in great need of assistance. We as Americans owe it to our resilient Caribbean brothers to lead them to a prosperous and thriving future. While helping...
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