...Mesopotamia/Babylon History Babylon was probably the most famous city of ancient Mesopotamia. Until today the city is a symbol for wealth, power, and sin (largely due to its treatment in the Bible). The name Babylon is the Greek form of Babel of Babili, which means "the gate of the god" in Semitic, which again is the translation of the original Sumerian name Ka-dimirra. The god was probably Marduk, the divine patron of the city. Like the other great Sanctuaries of Babylonia, the temple of Marduk had been founded in pre-Semitic times and the future Babylon grew around it. As Marduk was the son of Ea, the patron god of Eridu, it is possible that Babylon was a colony of Eridu. The earliest mention of Babylon is in a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279 BCE), who is stated to have built sanctuaries there. Babylon remained a provincial town until it became the capital of the first dynasty of Babylon and then Hammurabi's empire, around 1795-1750 BCE. From this time onward it continued to be the capital of Babylonia and the holy city of western Asia. The claim to supremacy in Mesopotamia was not fulfilled de jure until the claimant had "taken the hands" of Marduk at Babylon. It was this which made Tiglath-pileser III (ruled 745-727 BCE) and other Assyrian kings so anxious to possess themselves of Babylon and to thus legitimize their power. Only Sennacherib of Assyria (reigned 704-681 BCE) failed to secure the support of the Babylonian priesthood, and subsequently...
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...Many people believe that Cyrus is the most important ruler in Mesopotamian history, but I believe that Hammurabi was the greatest ruler. His code of law, want for justice and easy-going style of being an empire, he was the greatest emperor of Mesopotamia. Hammurabi ruled from 1792 BC- 1750 BC. The Akkadians first conquered Sumer. Babylon was located near the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and the Persian Gulf. The Akkadians formed “empire mania”. The Babylonians grew grain, which they traded for gold. They believed that all rulers, including Hammurabi, were sent by the gods. The city-states were like our states today, a few of them included Ur, Uruk and Nineveh. Starting with Hammurabi's code of law. There were 282 laws in this code. He...
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...Code of Hammurabi Western Civilization and the World I 100 Professor Preface This paper will examine the Code of Hammurabi and how it affected the people of Babylon before, during and after its creation. The nature of the topic is to have a better understanding of how the Code of Hammurabi changed society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations. Chronology 1810 BC Hammurabi was born to the then-king of Babylon Sin-muballit. 1792 BC Hammurabi, king of Babylon, started his rule. 1787 BC King Hammurabi captured Uruk and Isin. 1784 BC King Hammurabi campaigned against Rapigum and Malgium. 1772 BC Code of Hammurabi was created. 1763 BC With the aid of Mari and Eshnunna King Hammurabi conquered Larsa, putting an end to the long reign of Rim-Sin I. 1755 BC Captured Eshnunna which was the last of his Mesopotamian rivals. 1750 BC King Hammurabi died and passed the reigns of the empire to his son, Samsu-iluna. 1738 BC Under Samsu-iluna’s rule his empire fell to the Sealand Dynasty. 1595 BC Babylonian empire restored to glory of the Hammurabi’s age. 1901 Code of Hammurabi monument is discovered by French archaeologists. 1910 The Code of Hammurabi was translated by Leonard William King. During the rule of King Hammurabi he wrote the Code of Hammurabi. This consisted of many laws that changed the society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations...
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...Preface: Hammurabi was a Babylonian king who ruled from 1792 to 1750 B.C. His attributes were he extended his empire northward from the Persian Gulf to the Tigris and Euphrates River and west to the Mediterranean Sea. He united the area into one extensive empire, Mesopotamia, which in present day is known as Iraq. (Ancient Mesopotamia) Hammurabi created a list of rules and laws for the people of his empire to follow called “The Code of Hammurabi”. This is one of the oldest and most detailed documents in existence and gives insight as to how the members of Babylonian society lived. The code listed 282 rules for society to obey by and the consequences or guidelines for each member given their social status and their gender. There were rules of every category. From marriage and adultery, criminal acts such a stealing, property, and monetary trading. What’s interesting about this rulebook is the detail and coverage of the book. While in today’s world we may not follow rules such as “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” like the Code of Hammurabi, whose punishments for a crime were much more extravagant and gruesome at times. There was segregation in gender and social status. The topics addressed in the code are some of the same topics addressed that we, today, value and instill. In today’s government we have laws of crime and punishment, monetary laws, and laws regarding marriage. We have these laws so we can have structure and a successful government and society. It’s...
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...Emily A. Westhoff Dr. Christopher Beck History 1100 11 September 2017 A Comparison of selections of the Code of Hammurabi and Exodus Upon examination of the selections provided of the Code of Hammurabi and Exodus similarities are seen concerning the governing of their respective populations and provide insights into their values. Both sets of laws are seen to be given to the chosen prophet from a divine source. These laws are then presented to the populations to guide behavior, economics, and dictate justice. In the ancient East rulers claimed divine right to govern, this is seen in the opening of Hammurabi’s Code, as presented in Kathrine Lauldi’s book, Sources of The Making of the West, Hammurabi ruler of the Babylon, is seen to have been given the mandate from the deities Anu and Bel to “… bring about the rule of righteousness to the land.” (19). Hammurabi by claiming, the Gods had chosen him to bring justice is shown to be a benevolent ruler....
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...Devon L. Humphreys Coach Smith Ancient World History 25 September 2017 Hammurabi’s Code: Was it Just? If two people were in a car accident and one survives, should the other person be hung. Nearly 4,000 years ago a man named Hammurabi. He took control eventually of over 1,000,000. After his victories in Larsa and Mari he had 282 laws carved on a large pillar like stone called a steele . I believe that Hammurabi’s laws were not fair. I will prove so by the following paragraphs by using a couple of Hammurabi’s laws. Hammurabi’s laws were not fair to the ancient Babylonians. “Some students of babylonia have found the laws overly harsh”.Many people have to suffer these cruel consequences. Hammurabi’s laws were by the command of what could not even...
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...the people then the leader would know what the people go through. The people always know if the leader is doing a good job. A good leader leads the good and a bad leader leads the bad, even though, in their mind it seems as they are doing good. But no matter who they rule, they have the natural capacity to rule. Someone would have to be born with this ability to rule, and handle everything that comes with being a leader. This is what most rulers have in common. Like King Hammurabi, even though he was a very good leader, his laws were ridiculous. But people still considered him a good leader regardless of his laws in the code of Hammurabi. King Hammurabi brought order to his people and they appreciated that, they knew and they did not want to be a victim of karma. “Even if a man builds a house badly, and it falls and kills the owner, the builder must be slain. If the owner’s son is killed, then the builder’s son is slain.” This is what an “eye for an eye” meant during those times. King Hammurabi of Babylon was a very good king. Not only did he establish order but he created a code which his people should abide by, if not then there were serious...
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...I have chosen the Stele of Hammurabi sculpture, along with the story of Aeneid to complete my final project. A piece of diorite, standing over 7 ft. tall, the “Stele of Hammurabi” was created by the Babylonian king Hammurabi in 1800 BCE. Aeneid is a story of Aeneas, who was known as the leader of the Trojans and their travels from Troy to create the Roman Empire. Unfortunately, Charles Virgil did not complete this manuscript prior to his death in 19 BC. The Stele of Hammurabi stands tall and assertive. Hammurabi, the Babylon king expresses justice and laws in this powerful statement. In this sculptures top half, Hammurabi is receiving the code from Shamash, who was known as a god. The bottom consists of the spoken code. This was a great accomplishment for Hammurabi, but the sculpture tells me that he was not intimidated by Shamash, as they are equal size. This sculpture is carved on all sides and is one of the top relief sculptures in history. The story of Aeneid tells how a group of people that have been defeated can push forward and create something special with desire. The fact that this story was told in no particular order and was never completed leads you to believe that the writer put much thought into the story. It is a story of heroism, love and destiny, which is what, caught my attention. This dramatic story and prominent characters are sure to keep my attention. The one thing that is similar in both pieces of art is the desire for humanity. Each symbolizes a long...
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...Caoimhe Bodnar Bodnar 1 Mrs. Guler Honors World Civ Document Based Question Hammurabi’s Law Code Document Based Question Walking down the street in Babylonia, it was not an uncommon sight to see dead people hanging in the walls of houses. This was one of the many punishments for crime 1754 BCE in Babylon. The laws were written by the king, Hammurabi, who claimed that the laws were given to him by the gods to help protect the weak. “Hammurabi, the protecting king am I…That the strong might not injure the weak, in order to protect the widows and orphans” (Document B) The laws were written...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” This quote could be said to be true for many empires throughout history. An example of this would be Hammurabi’s code when he ruled over the Babylonian empire. He was the sixth king of Babylon and ruled from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. What Hammurabi was really known for though was his code, which was one of the first known set of laws created in order to bring justice to the land. But were his laws actually fair? Hammurabi’s code was unjust because lots of the laws involved cruel and unusual punishments. This can be proven in three paragraphs, each describing a different category of Hammurabi’s code. The first category that shows how Hammurabi’s laws were unjust...
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...History is the past, which for the most part can not be scientificately proven. The real; goal of History is to rediscover past. A dramatic error happens when past is rediscovered from our own bias that is from the way we see it. Even certain artifacts and works pf literature that we have left from earlier civilizations can be interpreted in several different ways, or misinterpreted to a certain extend or entirely. Usually interpretation or even misinterpretation is affected bu the concept of ethnocentrism, where different communities have an already set up establishment of certain norms based on their own believes, traditions, social, legislative, and personal values and ethics from which they judge other foreign communities. When considering other societies, it is usually a difficult task to view "other world" without any observer prejudices. Each world, our and their can evoke its own realities that are more or less comparable from one period to another, or from one culture to another. One of the obvious misinterpretations, discussed in this paper, took place considering historical document written by king of Mesopotamia. Our textbook, Arts and Culture,(p 98) presents Hammurabi's Code as a "Law Code" of king Hammurabi. It was, in turn something quite different from a Code of Laws existing in our judicial and legislative structure of government and society. Hammurabi's Code- "A law Code" or a set of royal decisions??? As written in Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings, (p26), the code...
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...Question 1: Why is the Hammurabi Code considered to be so important? The Law Stele of Hammurabi or the Hammurabi code is perhaps one of the oldest, most comprehensive and influential codification of laws ever created in ancient times. The intricately chiselled basalt pillar (or Stele) upon which the codes are written is considered an historical work of art, history and literature which is now housed in the Louvre in Paris, France (André-Salvini, 2003). It towers over 7.5 feet tall and the text is chiselled into solid stone. King Hammurabi (c. 1792 – 1750 B.C.E.) commissioned its construction to create a sovereign authority of universal laws throughout the Babylonian empire and as a demonstration of his duty to the gods and the citizens (Roth, 1995). It is a collaboration of pre-existing laws gathered from around the Babylonian Empire. The Hammurabi code served as not only an educational tool to “enlighten the land [but also created legal precedent] to further the well-being of mankind” (Hammurabi, 1752 B.C.E). The sheer height and shape of the structure alone is a testament to his...
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...King Assur-nasir-pal's draped Shawl Pattern Guideline This is another representation of the Assyrian King Assur-nasir-pal. The best way to understand how the drapery is assembled is to observe the stages below right. Over the long tunic above right,the king would have worn a shawl drapery. The shawl would have measured 72" X 90". To drape this shawl, line E to F would have been folded over so that A to B hangs on the outside of the body. The cord was attached just at E to G. Then hold G at the right side of the waist in front, whilst throwing the rest of the shawl backwards over the right shoulder. Edge E to F was then drawn around the back of the neck and formed a sling over the left arm. To finish draping, the edge E to F was passed around the waist towards the right, under the right elbow, then on around the back until it reached about 6 inches in front of the left side waist. The remainder of the fabric swathe was folded underneath as seen in the drawing. Finally a cord was tied around the waist to keep the draped shawl firmly in position. The pictures right also show if cord E to G is pulled down so that E touches the waist, then both the shoulders will be covered by the fabric. Figure K is the most usual way to arrange the shawl compared to L, but minor adjustments will create the different looks. Model M is the back view. Version P Model P looks a little more like the costume plate of King Assur-nasir-pal above left. The costume pattern is based on a small...
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..."Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered most notably the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. The earliest legal system known in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi which was established in ancient Babylonia nearly 4000 years ago. The Code of Hammurabi was compiled by King Hammurabi himself. Hammurabi was the most notable ruler of the first Babylonian dynasty, and unified Mesopotamia under one central government. Hammurabi's life is unknown, it is predicted that he established his reign around 1792-1750 B.C., thus dating the Code to approximately this period. Draco was a legislator in Athens who was authorized by the Alcmaeonidae to write the law codes around 621 B.C. It marked the first time the laws in Athens were set down in writing and they were lauded for their impartiality. Although impartial, according to Aristotle, the newly-recorded laws were so harsh they were written in blood instead of ink. Under Draco's codes, even the most...
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...Charlie Mate The first set laws in history can be dated back to the code of Hammurabi and the Magna Carta. These laws set up an established government, created laws, and gave the people rules to live by. In same ways we still follow this justice system today. The Code of Hammurabi and the Magna Carta share the same principles but are different in many ways. The Code of Hammurabi brings the iron fist down on the people. When on the other hand the Manga Carter’s gives power to the people. These documents shaped the way our government is today. Hammurabi’s code is a set of laws created to keep “peace” throughout the Babylon ages. This differs from the other set of laws called Magna Carta, which is the more modernized set of laws that are more understanding and fair to the people. The Hammurabi Code and Magna Carter’s laws have greatly affected the people of their time. The Hammurabi Code Originated in Mesopotamia the land between the Tigres and Euphrates River. Hammurabi was a son God named Sun Shumesh. It was written in stone in 700 BC. The code was created so that if people did negative things they would be punished rather than thinking they can get away with it. False accusation is the first code of law. If you steal you will be put to death and if someone stole goods from you the whole community has to give back what was stolen (Allen & Hall, 2015p.115) The Magna Carta originated because of negotiation between the people and the king. The people were sick of...
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