...The Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi, was established by Kind Hammurabi in 1750 B.C, then in 1901 it was discovered almost completely intact. This code has employed the concept of even punishments; “a eye for an eye” , a tooth for a tooth. Draco’s law The Draco’s Law was established in the year of 621 B.C., and “was named for a citizen of Greece who had been selected to write a code of law for Athens”. Under the Draco's law, “the penalty for many crimes was the death penalty”. The law was first written in Greece, and introduced the concept that the state is responsible for the punishments of the accused rather than private citizens. Law of the Twelve Tables The Law of Twelve Tables was established in the year of 450 B.C. This law “only had ten laws originally”, and two statutes were later added”. There were ten Roman men that had wrote the laws that were to govern the Romans. These laws has helped organize how crimes are punished. Also, these laws protected lower class citizens, and did not leave sole justice in the hands of the judge. Justinian Code The Justinian Code established in 529 A.D. and was founded by Justinian, the Emperor Of Byzantium. However, as of today, some of the legal maxims under this law are currently in use. Some modern concepts of justice came from the emperor’s name. This code formed the foundation of civil law. Magna Carta The Magna Carta had established under...
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...Code of Hammurabi: The whole purpose of the Code of Hammurabi was to improve the harmony that the people within the Babylon era had with one another. At this point in time, people were migrating to larger cities and Hammurabi suggested that these people were to be accepted and if anyone were to disregard the code, they would be dealt with accordingly with severe punishments including death. Draco’s Law: Draco created a law which more or less followed the guidelines of democracy. Under Draco’s law, the King had limited powers and could not pass additional laws as he saw fit. Instead the laws would have to be presented before a chosen body of governing officials for evaluation and they would decide from there if the laws were justified. Also a lot of the guidelines within the law were direction proportional to the code that Hammurabi had set forth. Law of the Twelve Tables: “Lex Duodecim Tabularum” (Latin) was the basis for Roman law and the Roman Constitution. The law primarily dealt with the general public or Rome. People were tied together in ethical bounds and they were granted several rights in regards to property and economic rights, similar to the foundation of the United States Constitution. Justinian Code: The Justinian Code was another form of guidance which was intended to be an addition to the Roman Constitution and codes that had been set forth in previous eras. Justinian I had made this addition primarily to deal with a larger, more circuitous population since...
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...what we based our current laws and security off of. The Code of Hammurabi, Draco’s Law, Law of the Twelve Tables, Justinian Code, Magna Carta, and the Statute of Westminister. The Code of Hammurabi was established by King Hammurabi of Babylon. This code is where “eye for an eye” was founded. Their laws were set up to regulate everything in their society from a person’s obligations, their work, and their rights. If a person is found to be in violation of these codes, the punishment was barbaric and based on retaliation. Draco’s law was named after the person who wrote the code of law for Athens, Greece. These were the first written laws for Greece. Within these laws, the state is responsible for punishing the people accused of a crime. The Law of the Twelve Tables originated in Rome. Originally it was ten laws that were decided by 10 men that were given the power to write the laws to govern the Romans. These laws helped to form the foundation of modern law. It basically started the use of judges to prosecute the aggressor and award the victim. The Justinian Code was written by Emperor Justinian. He wrote a series of books called “Corpus Juris Civilis”. He inspired the modern concepts of Justice, which actually came from his name. This code formed civil law and one main legal system that governed western civilization. The Magna Carta, which most people either know of or have heard of. The Magna Carta...
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...it necessary to establish a set of laws dependent on their society's religious beliefs, social structure, setting, and other variables. Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered most notably the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. The earliest legal system known in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi which was established in ancient Babylonia nearly 4000 years ago. The Code of Hammurabi was compiled by King Hammurabi himself. Hammurabi was the most notable ruler of the first Babylonian dynasty, and unified Mesopotamia under one central government. Hammurabi's life is unknown, it is predicted that he established his reign around 1792-1750 B.C., thus dating the Code to approximately this period. Draco was a legislator in Athens who was authorized by the Alcmaeonidae to write the law codes around 621 B.C. It marked the first time the laws in Athens were set down in writing and they were lauded for their impartiality. Although...
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...it necessary to establish a set of laws dependent on their society's religious beliefs, social structure, setting, and other variables. Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Liber Tatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered most notably the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. The earliest legal system known in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi which was established in ancient Babylonia nearly 4000 years ago. The Code of Hammurabi was compiled by King Hammurabi himself. Hammurabi was the most notable ruler of the first Babylonian dynasty, and unified Mesopotamia under one central government. Hammurabi's life is unknown, it is predicted that he established his reign around 1792-1750 B.C., thus dating the Code to approximately this period. Draco was a legislator in Athens who was authorized by the Alcmaeonid to write the law codes around 621 B.C. It marked the first time the laws in Athens were set down in writing and they were lauded for their impartiality. Although...
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...historical laws which are The Code of Hammurabi, Draco’s Law, and Law of the Twelve Tables, Justinian Code, Magna Carta, and Statute of Westminster. The Law Code of Hammurabi (1750 B.C.) created by King Hammurabi, which was discovered in 1901. Also the quote “an eye for an eye” symbolizes the Hammurabi code. Which consist with the crimes that we have that gets disobeyed such as: slavery, marriage, theft, debts and commerce. Second law that I would like to tell a little about would be Draco’s law. Draco’s Law (621 B.C.) was named by the Greek citizen who they chosen to write the laws for Athens. Which consist of the death penalty, when someone has stolen anything from someone or murder someone Draco’s Law was given. Law of the twelve tables (450 B.C.) includes ten laws, then two more added later on. Law of the twelve tables came from ten men that were from Roman was given the power to write the laws. Which help form public and private laws foundation? Along helping to organize the prosecution where the victims could seek justice on whatever the person on trial done to them. However the law didn’t allow interclass marriages, severe punished thieves and given fathers to have rights of life or death over their sons. Justice Code (A.D. 529) was developed by Justinian, Emperor of Byzantium. This actually formed the foundations of the civil law, and common law. Magna Carta was created in 1215. This made up “due process”. The Magna has 61 clauses which you may know...
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...Historical Laws and Security Sharon Dollar The Code of Hammurabi Draco’s law Law of the Twelve Tables Justinian Code Magna Carta Statute of Westminster The Code of Hammurabi was a Babylonian code that was established in 1750 B.C., it was developed by the Sumerian codes, expression “an eye for an eye” it contains 282 classes regulating a vast of obligations professions and rights, including clauses concerning commerce, slavery, marriage, theft and debts. Draco’s law can about in 621 B.C. from a Greek, citizen this person was chosen to write a code for Athens, and basically there were many offenses with the penalty being death, this was a most unreasonably form of punishment law. The laws he wrote was first mention in Greece, and these laws were highlighted as to why is they were introduce that the state and not the private citizens was responsible for carrying out and punishing the one who commit the crime. Law of the twelve tables was known 450 B.C. includes 10 laws but later on 2 were added to these laws. There were 10 Roman men who were given the powers to write the laws, and they were very different laws that were a form of set base of the modern to public law. These laws were aim to protect the lower class who suffer legal abuse of the ruling class, mainly for the enforcement of debts. This particular also set a basic that the judges could not handle, justice alone to improvise. This law prohibited interclass marriages seriously punished thieves and gave...
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...Historical Laws and Security The Code of Hammurabi was established 1750 B.C by King Hammurabi of Babylon and was discovered in 1901. This code symbolized the expression “an eye for an eye”; it contains 282 clauses concerning commerce, slavery, marriage, theft, and debts. The punishments that come along with breaking the clauses are said to be barbaric. The principles presented in the Code of Hammurabi follow the form of lex talionis---the law of retaliation. Draco’s Law was named after and established 621 B.C by a Greek citizen as the code of law for Athens. This law was the first written law of Greece; punishment for many offenses was death. Draco’s Laws are important because they introduce the notion that the state, not private citizens, is responsible for punishing individuals accused of committing crime. The Law of the Twelve Tables was originally a set of 10 laws with two others added later. These laws were established 450 B.C. by ten Roman men to govern the Roman people which are considered to form the foundation of modern public and private law. They helped organize how crimes would be prosecuted publicly and developed a system in which those who were injured could seek compensation from their aggressors; these laws were also designed to protect the lower class citizens from the legal abuses of the higher class. A basic principle of Roman law was that the law must be written and determining justice could not be left to judges alone. This seems to be...
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...Ravneet Kaur Development of Human Rights: From Past to Present The word human right is derived from Latin word “Homo” meaning man and homonus mean belonging to man. Human rights are right to which every person is entitled by virtue of being human living in society of other human. According to Thomas Paine, In rights of man is 1721 about French revolution that the representation of people of France feels that ignorance of human right are the main curse of public misfortune. Cicero the statesman the orator of ancient Rome, produced the work that the reflected the principle of Roman public and rights rights of citizen. Human rights are mainly social, economic and political rights. The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law, global and regional institutions. Actions by states and non-governmental organizations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human right suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights. (Kaur) The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day....
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...second volume of Online Journal of New Horizons in Education of October 2012 endeavors to critically analyze the origin of the education tool, the approaches used to apply it in the schools and various misconceptions that are associated with multicultural education. The article explains the origin of the idea of multicultural education citing the common ground as “…a response to gradually increasing cultural diversity and became a distinct part of civil rights movement in the second half of the twentieth century in the USA” (pg 2). Different schools of thought place precedence to different sources. Payne and Welsh for example, attribute the source of multicultural education to democratic ideologies such as the Bill of Rights, the Hammurabi Code, The Magna Carta among other ideas. The article also looks at the works of Donna M. Gollnick (2008), Christine Sleeter and Grant (2008), Banks (2008), (2010) and Dhillion and Halstead (2003) to determine a common basis on the origin and concludes that the cultural awareness and fight for equality in the 1960s was the biggest boost to achieving multicultural education in the United States. The article also discusses four different approaches used in multicultural education and their limitations. They include the contributions approach, the ethnic additive approach, the transformation approach and lastly the decision-making and social action approach. The article also defines the various misconceptions associated with multicultural education...
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...Vocabulary: Goal 1 1. Historical narrative 2. Temporal structure (beginning, middle, end) 3. Time line 4. Historical succession 5. Historical duration (continuity) 6. Primary sources 7. Humanity 8. Historical passage 9. Historical perspective 10. Historical context 11. Literal meaning 12. Historical fact 13. Historical interpretation 14. Historical data 15. Hhistorical analysis 16. Cause-and-effect relationship 17. Value-laden 18. Moral convictions 19. Critique 20. Hypotheses 21. Historical inquiry 22. Eyewitness account 23. Statistical compilations 24. Journals 25. Census 26. Artifacts 27. Economic indicators Goal 2 28. Sustainability – supported,upheld ,of confirmed 29. Fertile Crescent – an area in the middle and near east: formerly fertile, now partly desert 30. Migration - a number or body of persons or animals migrating together. 31. Environment – the aggregate of surrounding things,conditions,or influences;surroundings; milieu 32. Human interdependence – all humans rely on each other. 33. Natural barriers – a natural limit or boundary of any kind. 34. Drought – a period of dry weather that whithers or kills the crops 35. Famine – extreme hunger or scarce amount of food. 36. Trade interactions -the influence of buying or selling trade with other countries. 37. Resources – a source of supply,support,or aid when specificity needed 38. River valley -a natural stream of water flowing in a valley...
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...For other uses, see Constitution (disambiguation). A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.[1] These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a written constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a codified constitution. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign states to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. Some constitutions, especially codified constitutions, also act as limiters of state power, by establishing lines which a state's rulers cannot cross, such as fundamental rights. An example is the constitution of the United States of America. George Washington at Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world,[2] containing 444 articles in 22 parts,[3][4] 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 117,369 words in its English-language translation,[5]...
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...|[pic] |SYLLABUS | | |Axia College/College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJS/250 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Security | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to contemporary security practices and programs. Students will study the origins of private security, its impact on our criminal justice system, and the roles of security personnel. Students will also examine the growth and privatization of the security industry, and study the elements of physical security including surveillance and alarm systems. The course will cover legal and liability issues, which determine the extent of private security authority as well as its limitations. This course will also focus on the current and future integration of private security services in law enforcement agencies. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: ...
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...LAW and FREEDOM The purpose of Law and Freedom is to promote freedom under law, as we enter more lawless times. Law becomes tyrannical without freedom, and freedom becomes predatory without law. A free society under law will always be more prosperous and peaceful. There are three threats to the survival of state authority in Britain and Europe. First, economic breakdown. If the state goes bankrupt, the machinery of law disappears. This is the immediate problem. Second, welfare dependence and collapse. This is the underlying problem. Third, ethnic division, particularly between Islamic and non-Islamic society, and the violence at the heart of Islamic doctrine. This is the most visible problem, and the one that people will blame. Together, these three problems risk creating the conditions for lawless violence. Political and intellectual elites are undermining our laws and freedoms. So we need to take what action we can to preserve them ourselves. The Law and Freedom Foundation is not associated with the English Defense League ------------------------------------------------- Law Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition,[2] but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour.[3] Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting instatutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally...
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...legal basis to ensure that everyone is protected against abuses which undermine their dignity, and give the opportunities they need to realise their full potential, free from discrimination. Human rights are for all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. The history of rights can be articulated to the ancient laws (such as the Hammurabi Codes of Babylon), to Greco-Roman doctrines and through the work of philosophers and humanists such as St. Thomas Aquinas, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hugo Grotius, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. These philosophers all contributed to the concept of "natural law" which set the stage for wide recognition of human rights and freedoms. Natural law holds that people are born in an innately "good" state, and that certain fundamental rights can be reasonably deduced from this fact. Great precedents in the recognition and protection of specific human rights lie in such documents as the British Magna Carta, the United States Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Moreover, Human Rights law developed mostly in the 20th century in response to World War 11. Although the world had made great progress in defining human rights, it was the events of the late 1930’s and early 1940’s that threatened humanity’s most firmly held convictions. By the end of World War II, six million Jews of whom more than a million...
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