...peripheral nervous system. (Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 3rd ed., pages 688-692 Structure and function of the CNS and PNS --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Potter and Perry, Fundamentals of nursing (8th), Chapter 16 p. 210-211 Types of Data --There are two primary sources of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are your patients’ verbal descriptions of their health problems. Only patients provide subjective data. For example, Mr. Jacobs's report of incision pain and his expression of concern about whether the pain means that he will not be able to go home as soon as he hoped are subjective findings. Subjective data usually include feelings, perceptions, and self-report of symptoms. Only patients provide subjective data relevant to their health condition. The data sometimes reflect physiological changes, which you further explore through objective data collection. --Objective data are observations or measurements of a patient's health status. Inspecting the condition of a surgical incision or wound, describing an observed behavior, and measuring blood pressure are examples of objective data. The measurement of objective data is based on an accepted standard such as the Fahrenheit or Celsius measure on a thermometer, inches or centimeters on a measuring...
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...Students & Hearing Impairment Humans are fortunate to have 5 physical senses and also have the knowledge to use and verbally express our perceptions about our environment using each one. Of course we know these to be taste, smell, touch, see, and hear. From the moment we wake up until the moment we fall asleep, we use each of these senses. Some of these senses are considered more vital than the others. But, with these senses, we are capable of living in this on-the-go, ease-of-access society. Every day we have an agenda whether it is work, school, children, or even just to lounge and be a couch potato. Each of those tasks requires our senses. What happens to a person when one sense or even multiple senses become impaired or is extinguished? We all love to feel the rain on our skin, smell the fresh forest air, taste great home cooking, and see the newborn baby first open their eyes. But, what if you’re crossing the street and you can’t hear the drunk driver and the sirens turning the corner behind you? What do you do when you’re struggling to hear your teacher’s very important review about your final? What happens if you were living in New York City, sitting in your apartment, and you couldn’t hear the bombs collide with the World Trade Center? People who are deaf or hearing impaired are very unfortunate in these situations and have to exert more effort to cope with their everyday life. Hearing loss makes even routine communication difficult. (“Slowik”) Students, especially...
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...Identify learning needs from the patient perspective (subjective). 1. What is the volunteer most concerned about? a. While meeting with my volunteer I was very surprise on how independent she was. She expressed to me that she has no concerns about her health at this time. She says she is just in her because I give her something to do each day after the death of her husband. 2. Is there any identified problem that the volunteer is having? a. Patient stated that she had nothing bothering her. No issues with her current health. 3. Have the volunteer explain their current level of health and wellness and/or illness. a. Patient states that she is only one pill and that is to help to control her blood pressure but she has been on that for years...
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... In the journal of Geriatrics &Gerontology International, there is an interesting article by Vassallo et al. that discusses the fall risk factors in older patients with cognitive impairment. The issue addressed is almost identical title, which is “Fall Risk Factors in Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairment on Rehabilitation Wards.” It is a clear and concise title, which states the population (the elderly) and major variables. (the mentally cognitive and the cognitively impaired). The researchers who conducted the study are qualified doctors who are familiar with both the risk factors affecting the elderly in a rehabilitation facility and/ or environment. The abstract discusses various components. First, the purpose of the study is to discover why cognitively impaired patients are more likely to have reoccurring falls, and how they differ from the cognitively intact. Second, the use of sample variable of all males over 80 with past history of falls, recurrent falls, medical records, and medication were taken into consideration during this study. Lastly, the study offers a methodology, yields results and discusses the...
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...At the point when the epileptic patients listened to Mozart's piano sonata K448 there was a recognizable reduction in epileptic movement recorded on the electroencephalogram (EEG) (Jenkins, 2001). The study was then contracted down to one male who was oblivious. Listening to the chose music it was noticeable that his main examples went from 62% to 21 % an unmistakable change (Jenkins, 2001). As indicated by Lin et al. (2011), Mozart K.448 was likewise viable in diminishing the impacts of epilepsy in youngsters. Particularly, the result was a diminishment in recurrence of the epileptic scene. This study has merit for three reasons: (1) it demonstrates the Mozart Effect is genuine, it demonstrates the Mozart Effect is not...
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...Problems Nursing Intervention Confusion/Dementia Dementia is not a specific disease. It is a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. People with dementia have significantly impaired intellectual functioning that interferes with normal activities and relationships. They also lose their ability to solve problems and maintain emotional control, and they may experience personality changes and behavioral problems such as agitation, delusions, and hallucinations. 1. Spend time with the Patient 2. Use touch to convey concern 3. Provide frequent reiteration of orienting data (e.g. time, place) 4. Have clocks or calendars in the environment 5. Explain all actions, procedures and routines to the patient 6. Address the patient by his/her name 7. Keep a routine activities Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent and/or hard to pass. 1. Increase Fluid Intake 2. Daily Exercise 3. Increase fiber intake (e.g. fruits and vegetables) Complications associated with constipation include hemorrhoids from straining, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, and fecal impaction. Untreated constipation in institutionalized patients can lead to cemented lesions in the colon, megacolon, bowel blockage and perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis. Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture.[1] In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture...
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...Have you ever heard of hearing dog or thought it would be cool to have one if you were deaf or hearing impaired? Hearing dogs assist deaf individuals by alerting them to a variety of household sounds such as a door knock or doorbell, alarm clock, oven buzzer, telephone, baby cry, name call or smoke alarm. In 1970 a hearing-impaired women named Mrs. Elva Janke made a request for one because her old dog had died that helped her with alarming sounds in her home. She reached out to cities to help get her request/point across. Agnes McGrath the inventor of hearing dogs accepted the request and help the deaf and hearing impaired people in the world. Three years later after the request was made the “Hearing Ear Program” was transferred to the American Humane Association. In 1979 the “Hearing Ear Program” became Hearing Dog, Inc.Soon after the Hearing Dog, Inc. became International Hearing Dog Inc. The most important thing a Hearing Dog provides a person in public is an good awareness of his or her environment. A hearing dog job isn't to just alert deaf people of sounds in public, it's to...
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...Being a nursing home administrator with in a nursing home, excellent communication is a necessity. Communication is how care providers determine the quality of care that is given and needed for the patients. By being a nursing home administrator, it is my job to make sure that the HIPPA rules and regulations are being used by all employees. By making sure that HIPPA rules and regulations are being upheld, the nursing home is providing quality care to the patients. When a change happens at a nursing home there can be confusion and conflict with everyone involved. While following the chain of command can be long and even boring, it is needed to keep the communication process smooth and effective. The chain of command does help reduce the risk of a communication breakdown. If a communication breakdown is developed it can cause commotion in any health care facility which could jeopardize everyone involved. With being the nursing home administrator, the first job that I would need to do is have a full understanding of the new policies and procedures. I would need to know how the policies and procedures were put into place and how exactly this will affect the patient’s in the nursing home. In order to do this I would want to speak with the board members so my concerns could be addressed. In order to address these issues I could meet with the board members face to face, use social media, or by electronic communication. There are advantages to having traditional face to face meetings...
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...diagnoses in PES format. l. Is patient able to maintain personal hygiene? Bathing and Oral Care: Client is able to handle her own bathing and oral care with assistance and help from the aide. Client's vision is very minimal. As per her chart she has glaucoma and she stated that it is very difficult for her to see. Client is aware of the necessity of Handwashing before meals as well as after eliminating wastes but still requires assistance in order to see. In regards to respiratory secretions, patient is able to handle on her own. 2. What is patient's temp? Was unable to read temperature because we were only provided with tympanic thermometers and client had hearing aides in both ears. I was advised to skip the procedure. WBC's? Lab results indicated a level of 5.9, which is within normal range. 3. Are skin and mucous membranes intact? None of the following were observed. Client's skin seemed to be soft and well moisturized. Did observe lentigo spots on the client's arm but other than that no other skin or mucous membrane issues were observed. Lesions Surgical Incision Decubitus Ulcer Redness or swelling IV's or other invasive linesTubes Catheters 4. Has culture and sensitivity been done on blood or secretions? What is result? Was unable to find any culture and sensitivity results in the client's chart. 5. Is patient subjected to an abnormal amount of stress? Patient seems to be quite content with herself...
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...present in the inner ear, this affects the ears hearing and balance mechanisms. Although research on Meniere’s disease is still under way, that endolymphatic hydrops (increased pressure in the ear) is the main cause of the symptoms, which are experienced. Furthermore the endolymphatic hydrops causes an imbalance in the fluid management of the ear, thus leading to an increase in accumulation of the endolymph as well as an increase in pressure, this is followed by the rupturing of membranes which line the emdolymphatic space. Because of this imbalance, the endolymph and perilymph fluids, which are ionically different, mix together thus intoxicating both the neural and sensory structures in the inner ear (Seikel,King & Drumwright, 2005). The physical imbalance caused by the increase of endolymph, leads to mechanical disturbances of the otolithic and auditory organs. The saccule may experience dilation which will later make it adherent to the footplate of the stapes. Furthermore the periodic shrinkage and dilation of the utricle, also offers plays a role. The disruption of these so called normal ear functions can cause the attacks, as well as a sense of unsteadiness even during remission periods. The distention also causes a mechanical disturbance in the organ of corti. The repetitive attacks causes the death of hair cells in the inner ear, this, along with the contortion of the basilar membrane is known to cause tinnitus and hearing loss. The hydrops tend to affect the lower frequencies...
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...Elderly - hearing disorder - communication therapy * Effects of Speech Signal Type and Attention on Acceptable Noise Level inElderly, Hearing-Impaired Listeners Diss.Mundorff, Jennifer S.. James Madison University, 2011. 3453763. ...noise levels (ANLs) in elderly, hearing-impaired listeners were ...speech. Thirty-five, elderly, hearing-impaired individuals ...the younger, normal-hearing group, the participants References (34) * Citation/Abstract * Preview - PDF (315 KB) * Full text - PDF (564 KB) * Order a copy * 2 PreviewReel talk: Deconstructing communication disorders in a sampling of modern films Diss.Beccera, Lisa M.. The University of Texas - Pan American, 2010. 1478277. ...characters that had a communication disorder or characters that ...communication disorder. This study examined types of communication disorders ...which communication disorders are portrayed in films References (72) * Citation/Abstract * Preview - PDF (163 KB) * Full text - PDF (580 KB) * Order a copy * 3 PreviewAGING AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION: A COMPARISON OF ELDERLY AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (GERONTOLOGY, LANGUAGE, OLD AGE, SPEECH, REFERENTIAL COMMUNICATION) Diss.Jordan, Thomas Manuel. New School for Social Research, 1986. 8621972. ...of normal aging on social communication. The speaker age hypothesis ...hundred and fifty men, 75 elderly (65-98) and 75 middle-aged ...The results revealed that elderly speakers...
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...elementary students. To start, the patients were informed of the procedures in very basic terms that were understood. Height was assessed using a measuring device marked in inches. To assess accurate height, the patient must stand straight with feet close together. Weight was measured using scales marked in ounces and pounds. The BMI was determined using the data collected from height and weight. Hearing was assessed using headphones and a device that sends tones at variable decibels and hertz. If the patient wore hearing aids during screening, it was noted. Hearing was screened at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz beginning with 20 db. Vision was screened using two charts from a distance of 20 feet. The first chart was the Snellen letter chart and the consisted of only pictures. If the patient wore corrective lenses during screening, it was noted . Also, scoliosis was screened for by examining the patients spine while changing posture. Upon screening the results were taken and compared to find if the patient was within normal limits for the appropriate age range. Abnormal findings occur if the following apply: vision is greater than 20/30 in either eye, or a difference of two lines between both eyes; hearing is greater or equal two 30 db in either ear; the spine is curved; and weight is charted in the 85th percentile or above. Also these findings are slightly altered by gender. Deficits in any category assessed can pose a great risk on the patient. Because hearing and vision are both sensory...
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...transmitted to the internal electrodes, and finally, communicated to the brain for interpretation as sound. Good candidates for the cochlear implant have profound bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and functional auditory nerves. Three groups of patients that have the greatest potential success include post-lingually deaf adults, pre-lingually deaf children, and post-lingually impaired people (usually children) who have lost hearing due to diseases such as meningitis. Tyler, Fryauf-Bertschy, Kelsay, Gantz, Woodworth, Parkinson (1997) confirm pre-lingually deaf children are excellent candidates as they obtain the implant during the time that the brain is developing and highly functional in adapting to sensory input. The cochlear device is implanted behind the ear where the surgeon will create a pocket in the mastoid bone for the receiver. The electrode array is then placed through the inner ear into the cochlea. After the healing process, which takes 1-4 weeks, the patient is fitted with the external parts and the implant is activated. The activation occurs by connecting the external sound processor to the internal device by a magnet. The device then undergoes a series of mapping activities to acclimate the patient to the implant. Sislian (n.d.) states mapping is necessary to allow the patient...
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...suffer from hearing loss. Sometimes it is classified as conductive hearing loss where for some reason the sound waves are being blocked; which can usually be fixed with surgery. The majority of people who suffer from hearing loss have damage to the nerves that carry sounds to the brain. That is called sensorineural hearing loss; and there are new innovative ways to help those suffering from sensoineural hearing loss. Hearing aids were invented to help damaged nerves carry sound by amplifying the sound with a microphone. That only helps those who are hard of hearing; if you amplify sound to a deaf person they still cannot hear it. The cochlear implant however, does not amplify sound; it uses electromagnetic pulses to stimulate cells in the cochlea that activate the auditory nerve. This process bypasses the damaged nerves that receive sound waves, which for the majority of the time are the cause of hearing loss. I have heard about cochlear implants for a while now and wondered about the difference in quality of hearing after surgery. The cochlear implant picks up sound and transmits it through electromagnetic pulses so is there a possibility that the sounds get distorted in the process. Since it is not the traditional method of hearing maybe the sounds are not the same either. The patient has to go through habilitation to get used to hearing and deciphering through noises to learn how to communicate but maybe the sounds they learn aren’t the same as the ones we are hearing. That is...
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...APPLY EFFCTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN NURSING Practice INTODUCTION: I am going to talk about Cerebral Palsy which is a nervous system disorder. In this disorder clients have dysarthria, a speech impediment, that makes it difficult for them to communicate. In nervous system the ability to communicate may be impaired by factors that include: * Damage to the speech centres in the brain, * Damage to the temporal lobes, which hinders the perception and interpretation of stimuli, * Damage to the cranial nerves responsible for movement of the lips, tongue, pharynx and larynx, * Limited motor function that hinders non-verbal communication gestures, * Visual or hearing deficits, * Altered levels of consciousness or mental status. ( Maureen farrell et al:(2005) Australia, Medical Surgical Nursing “Neurological Function” (see pp1896-1910), * Funnel, koutoukidis, et al:(2005) Australian, “Neurological Health” (see chapter 43, pg745). CEREBRAL PALSY: Cerebral Palsy comprises a group of neuromotor disorders resulting from prenatal, perinatal or postnatal cerebral hypoxia or damage. Thesedisorders is highest in premature infants or in infants who have experienced a difficulty birth resulting in cerebral damage. There are three common types of cerebral Palsy, although some individual may have symptoms of more than one type. The three types of cerebral palsy are spastic, athetoid or dyskinetic, and ataxic. CEREBRAL PALSY...
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