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Hello My Dear

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Submitted By sadasda
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Den vestlige alkymi har et af sine væsentligste udspring i den såkaldte hermetiske tradition, der dateres til hellenistisk tid, og særligt i den oprindeligt arabiske Tabula Smaragdina, Hermetikkens bibel, som føres tilbage til den mytiske Hermes Trismegistos, en synkretistisk græsk-egyptisk guddom og legendarisk alkymist. Det har medført, at begrebet alkymi ofte blandes sammen med magiske forestillinger, jagten på de vises sten, der skulle kunne bruges til at omdanne metaller – og en drøm om at lave guld.
Men mange af Middelalderens alkymister var seriøst arbejdende kemikere. De var henvist til at arbejde ud fra tidens religiøse og magiske forståelsesramme, og de måtte bygge på den viden, som var tilgængelig. Alkymien var en holistisk åndsretning, hvor argumentation og bevisførelse afhang af evnen til at påvise sammenhænge mellem de kemiske stoffer og de fire temperamenter, de fire elementer, kosmologien og gudstroen.
Mange af alkymisterne støttede sig til gnostiske skrifter og til kabbalaen, og de var overbeviste om, at astrologiske forhold havde betydning for stofferne og menneskenes temperamenter. En del var svindlere, der søgte at udnytte tidens overtro og frygt for det ukendte til egen vinding. Flere alkymister blev anklaget for hekseri, sort magi, trolddom og indstævnet for inkvisitionen.
Det lykkedes for alkymisterne at lægge en solid basis for den senere, objektive kemiske videnskab. Så sent som i 1700-tallet udgav Johann Becker et prisværdigt værk om mineralogi, Physica Subterranea – og mente, at han under de rigtige omstændigheder kunne gøre sig selv usynlig.
Kong Frederik 3. var selv optaget af alkymi, og greb han til metallerne, som da Sølvgade fik sit navn. Han ejede Kongsberg sølvværk i Norge, og satte sin lid til, at sølvet derfra ved alkymi kunne omdannes til guld.[1] Kongen havde en alkymist ved navn Giuseppe Francesco Borri, der arbejdede i et laboratorium i Rigensgade. Derfor hed Garnisonshospitalet Guldslottet, til soldaterne, der lå der som patienter, fik det omdøbt til Grødslottet.[2]
Borri havde været under den abdicerede dronning Kristinas beskyttelse, da han var eftersøgt af inkvisitionen. I Rom skal han være dukket op i haven hos en anden alkymist, markien Massimiliano Palombara, for at samle urter. Han bad også om husly, og om at se markiens laboratorium. Borri bragte så urterne til at koge i en gryde, og lovede at fortælle markien om udfaldet af eksperimentet næste dag. Men da var fuglen fløjet, og alt, der var at se, var en væltet gryde og en stribe purt guld. Man skal imidlertid også have fundet nogle efterladte papirer med tegn og symboler, gådefulde ord på latin og hebraisk. Dem lod Palombara skære ind i væggene på sin villa og på Porta Ermetica, den magiske port, der stadig kan ses på Piazza Vittorio i Rom.[3]
Øverst på døren er der et emblem af to triangler, der danner en sekstakket stjerne. Den øverste står for ild, maskulinitet, guld og solen, mens den nederste symboliserer vand, feminitet, sølv og månen. Dante, som også var alkymist, lod i sit værk Den guddommelige komedie døren til skærsilden åbnes af to nøgler – en af guld og en af sølv. Den af guld er mest værdifuld, men den af sølv er den, der faktisk åbner porten.[4]
Borri, der var født i Milano i 1625 og uddannet ved jesuitternes seminarium i Rom, var nået til Amsterdam, da Frederik Gyldenløve opfordrede ham til at tage til København, hvor der ventede en bekvem tilværelse med fire opvartende tjenere. Han blev efterspurgt som læge, og skulle i 1668 have reddet Frederik Gyldenløve fra døden. Men kongen kunne Borri ikke frelse, og efter hans død fik alkymisten udfærdiget et rejsepas, så han kunne forlade landet. Han blev anholdt i Tyskland, og sad fængslet i Engelsborg til sin død i 1695.[1]
Hvor udbredt alkymi var blandt de veluddannede, fremgår også af historien om Raimon

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