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Hilton Sustainability

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1. Pengenalan

Artikel yang dipilih adalah mengenani bagaimana hubungan antara pengguna dengan barangan. Masih banyak persoalan yang tidak dijawab dan pemasar ingin mengetahui sekuat mana hubungan diantara penguna dan barangan. Satu kajian telah dilakukan bagi mengetahui faktor apa yang menguatkan hubungan antara pengguna dan barangan. Kajian ini dilakukan oleh Jennifer Aaker, Susan Fournier and S. Adam Brasel pada tahun 2004. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi menjawab persoalan penyelidik yang masih tidak terjawab mengenai asas faktor yang menyebabkan hubungan yang kuat berkekalan.

Dalam jurnal ini juga penulis ada membentangkan beberapa isu yang menjadi punca kajian ini dilakukan. Penulis ingin mengetahui sejauh mana kekuatan hubungan pengguna dengan jenama. Adakah personaliti jenama itu sendiri yang menjadikan penguna setia dengan produk tersebut ?

Hubungan antara penguna dan jenama adalah amat penting bagi menentukan kesetiaan pengguna terhadap barangan tersebut. Namun apa yang menjadi persoalan kepada penulis ialah apakah yang menjadi punca atau faktor seseorang pengguna tersebut setia kepada barangan atau jenama tersebut walaupun masih ada produk atau jenama yang lebih bagus dan lebih baik. Oleh kerana itu, penulis melakukan kajian dan hasil kajian tersebut boleh menjadi maklumat untuk pemasar memahami faktor yang menjadi hubungan antara penguna dan jenama kuat sebelum memasarkan sesuatu produk atau jenama.

2. Membina hubungan yang kuat.

Hubungan yang dinyatakan dalam journal ini ialah hubungan antara penguna dan barangan. Semakin kuat hubungan penguna dengan baranagan tersebut maka semakin kuatlah kesetiaan pengguna pada barangan tersebut. Namun apakah faktor yang membawa kepada kesetian penguna kepada sesuatu barangan. Adakah kerana jenamanya yang terkenal ataupun kerana kualiti barangan tersebut. Mungkinkah juga pesonaliti jenama itu sendiri. Dalam jurnal ini penulis mengunakan dua faktor iaitu personaliti jenama dan juga tindakan pelanggaran “Acts of Transgression”.

Kedua – dua faktor ini digunakan bagi mengkaji hubungan pengguna dengan 2 jenama barangan. Penulis ingin mengkaji jika kedua – dua faktor tersebut mampu mengkuatkan hubungan pengguna dengan sesuatu jenama. Hubungan antara dua faktor ini mengubah pendapat penulis mengenai hubungan penjenamaan tersebut.

Kebanyakan syarikat kecil lebih gemar mengunakan harga sebagai faktor menarik kesetiaan pelanggan. Namun apa yang sering syarikat kecil sering abaikan ialah kepuasan pengguna dalam memilih kualiti barangan. Malah penjenamaan mereka juga sering kekosongan personality yang mana tidak memberi peluang kepada pelanggan untuk merasai atau melihat sendiri personaliti barang jenama tersebut.

Anak muda yang berkecimpung dalam dunia perniagaan kini amat mementingkan jenama kerana melalui jenama mereka membuat kelainan dan keunikan. Mereka juga memasukkan personality atau sifat dalam jenama mereka. Contohnya boleh kita lihat di kafe Hard rock yang mana mempunyai tema dan personaliti muzik dan Mc Donald yang mengunakan tema dan personaliti keseronokan.

Oleh kerana personaliti yang dibawa oleh jenama tersebut menjadikan pengguna mengingati jenama tersebut dan ada sesetengah pengguna yang setia dengan jenama tersebut. Namun tiada jenama yang tidak menghadapi masalah pelanggaran jenama. Masalah seperti ini berlaku adalah kerana kualiti atau produk yang dikeluarkan oleh jenama tersebut tidak dapat memenuhi kepuasan diri pengguna. Oleh kerana pelanggaran tersebut, pengguna hilang kepercayaan terhadap jenama dan hubungan pengguna dengan jenama tersebut semakin longgar dan lama kelamaan hilang begitu sahaja.

Itu yang ingin dielakkan oleh penulis dan kerana itulah penulis menulis kajian ini sebagai panduan kepada pemasar dan pengeluar. Agar mereka dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan lebih berkesan.

1. Personaliti jenama.

Hubungan yang kuat membawa kepada kesetian pengguna terhadap jenama tersebut. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa hubungan dipengaruhi oleh personaliti pihak yang terlibat. Jenama merupakan satu benda yang penting bagi sesebuah peniaga. Melalui jenama pengguna dapat mengetahui tentag seseuatu barang. Tanpa nama jenama yang bagus dan diingati amat sukar bagi pengeluar untuk meletakkan produk mereka di pasaran.

Penjenamaan ialah peletakkan nama atau imej bagi produk atau perkhidmatan supaya orang ramai tertarik umtuk membeli barangan syarikat tersebut. Jenama juga mampu menaikkan kepercayaan pengguna. Semakin tingi nama jenama tersebut maka semakin percaya pengguna dengan jenama dan produk barangan tersebut.

Istilah personaliti jenama merupakan satu istilah yang sangat rapat dengan manusia. Personaliti jenama dibangunkan bagi meningkatkan tarikan jenama kepada pengguna. Menurut Sicco Van Gelder dalam bukunya Strategi Jenam Global, personaliti jenama adalah sama seperti watak manusia diaman sesuatu personaliti jenama adalah daripada watak penjualan itu sendiri. Personaliti jenama juga boleh di sampaikan melalui watak sebenar seperti jenama D’Herb yang mana pengguna mengingatkan produk dengan pengasas produk tersebut.

Terdapat beberapa dimensi personaliti jenama yang boleh dilihat. Seperti kejujuran iaitu jenama yang boleh mengaitkan pengguna dengan kejujuran. Contohnya bagi sesetengah pewangi yang dikaitkan dengan haruman ketenangan dan kasih sayang. Itu adalah personality jenama yang dibawa oleh pewangi tersebut dan pengguna yang mengunakannya akan berfikir bahawa mereka akan mendapat ketenangan seperti yang di nyatakan mengenai pewangi tersebut.

Personaliti seperti ini boleh menarik minat pengguna untuk membeli produk jenama tersebut dan jika jenama tersebut membawa kepuasan maka pengguna akan setia dan sentiasa mengunakan produk – produk dari jenama tersebut.

Dan pengguna juga mungkin akan memberitahu kepada penguna yang lain mengenai jenama tersebut dan secara tidak langsung jenama tersebut mendapat promosi percuma dari testimoni pengguna lain. Pengasas jenama sudah boleh menjimatkan kos untuk promosikan jenama mereka.

2. Tindakan pelanggaran ( Act of Transgression )

Act of Transgression atau lebih dikenali sebagai pelanggaran jenama adalah satu tindakan yang dilakukan pengguna terhadap jenama yang mereka gunakan. Pelanggaran jenama ini berlaku kerana jenama yang mereka gunakan tidak lagi dapat mencapai tahap kepuasan mereka.

Transgression bermaksud pelanggaran kontrak yang tersurat atau tersirat yang membimbing prestasi hubungan dan penilaian. Ianya ditunjukkan untuk menjadi suatu peristiwa hubungan yang sangat penting dan diagnostic yang menwujudkan peluang kepada pengguna untuk mengemas kini konsep kualiti pasanagan mereka dan mengubah corak pembangunan hubungan dengan betul (Fournier dan Deighton 1999; Smith dan Bolton 1998)

Pengguna yang melanggar kontrak hubungan jenama ini adalah kerana mereka mendapati sedikit kekurangan dalam jenama yang mereka gunakan dan pihak pengeluar jenama tidak menambahbaik produk jenama supaya sentiasa dapat memenuhi kehendak pengguna.

Jenama yang melakukan sesuatu yang boleh menjejaskan jenama mereka juga boleh mendorong berlakunya pelanggaran jenama. Contonhya, produk - produk kecantikan yang kian meluas dijual ketika ini. Kesemua jenama tersebut memberikan pandangan yang baik namun selepas mencuba salah satu produk tersebut pengguna tidak mendapat kepuasan yang mereka inginkan malah mereka tidak lagi mahu mengunakan jenama tersebut. Selain itu jika berlakunya maklumat palsu berkenaan jenama tersebut yang membolehkan pengguna beralih kepada jenama lain.

Contohnya, cadbury yang suatu ketika dulu dikatakan mempunyai kandungan lemak khinzir. Oleh kerana isu tersebut kesemua pengguna setia Cadburry beralih kesetiaan mereka kepada coklat lain. Ini adalah contoh berlakunya pelanggaran jenama yang mana menyebabkan cadburry kini berada ditahap menambahbaik semula jenama mereka.

Setelah bebas dari isu itu mereka masih lagi berhadapan dengan kesetian dan kepercayaan pengguna yang mana pengguna Cadburry kini kian berkurangan dan dengan adanya barang ganti, pengguna tidak lagi menjadikan coklat Cadburry sebagai pilihan utama. Oleh itu, pengeluar Cadburry harus menambahbaik dan mengeluarkan produk baru yang mampu menarik kembali peminat coklat tersebut.

3. Hasil kajian

Hasil kajian yang penulis dapat daripada kaajina yang dilakukan ialah ciri - ciri personaliti jenama yang ikhlas dilihat mampu membuat hubungan yang progresif dan boleh menjadi lebih kuat jika melakukan seakan nilai persahabatan di ruang interpersonal. Namun hasil itu hanya akan berlaku jika tiada pelanggaran yang boleh merosakkan hubungan pengguna dengan jenama tersebut. Jika terdapat pelanggaran maka jenama tersebut perlu dipulih atau diubahsuai supaya hubungan pengguna dengan jenama menjadi kuat.

Penulis juga menguatkan teori kajian ini melalui kajian yang terdahulu mengenai pengalaman dan jangkaan dahulu dalam pertimbangan pengguna. Menurut penulis, pelanggaran boleh ditafsirkan secara berbeza bergantung kepada pengalaman dan hubungan sebelumnya ( Hoch dan Deighton 1989 ).

Teori ini berguna untuk menjelaskan dengan lebih mendalam mengenai jenama dan hubunganya. Apa yang cuba disampaikan oleh penulis ialah, walaupun terdapat pelanggaran dalam hubungan jenama namun pemulihan dan penambah baikan mampu membaikpulih hubungan pengguna dengan jenama tersebut. Personaliti jenama membantu jenama menarik minat pengguna dan juga dapat mengekalkan jenama mereka.

Penulis juga ada memberi cadangan mengenai cara pemulihan pelanggaran. Antara cara pemulihan pelanggaran ialah :

a) Memberi maklumat yang berguna mengenai jenama dan hubungan jenama.

Memberi maklumat mengenai personaliti jenama kepada pengguna dan apa yang terbaik kepada pengguna itu sendiri. Menarik minat pengguna untuk memberi dan setia kepada jenama tersebut. Malah jenama tersebut perlulah ditingkatkan kualitinya agar pengguna berpuas hati dan menolak segala mungkin pelanggaran jenama yang mungkin berlaku.

Maklumat yang diberi haruslah sesuai dengan kehendak pengguna dan haruslah dijelas dengan sebaiknya kepada pengguna. Jika jenama sedang melalui proses penambahbaikan maka pengeluar seharusnya menjelaskan apa yang terbaru yang diberi oleh jenama tersebut dan yang apa yang menarik tentang jenama tersebut agar pengguna tertarik untuk memberi dan mengunakannya.

b) Mengaktifkan semula sistem lampiran.

Melampirkan segala kebaikan dan kualiti jenama serta keuntungan yang boleh pengguna dapat jika mereka memilih jenama tersebut. Ketika pengguna membeli barangan atau produk dari sesuatu jenama lampirkan maklumat berkenanan jenama tersebut. Ini membantu pengguna memahami dengan lebih lanjut mengenai jenama terebut dan secara tidak langsung mampu menarik kesetiaan pengguna kepada jenama tersebut.

Selain itu, pengguna juga akan mempromosikan jenama tersebut kepada orang lain dan secara tidak langsung jenama itu akan dapat menarik lebih banyak penguna setia. Jika pengguna berpuas hati dengan jenama tersebut maka hubungan antara pengguna dan jenama akan terbntuk dan hubungan itu akan berkembang apabila pengguna tersebut menarik sebanyak mana pengguna lain.

c) Meningkatkan tahap berdikari dan tahap komitmen dalam perhubungan.

Sentiasa menjaga pengguna jenama agar mereka tidak beralih kepada jenama lain. Sentiasa berikan kejutan kepada pengguna dengan memberikan promosi yang hebat dan berilah pengguna rasa diri mereka dihargai oleh pengeluar. Dengan tahap kesetiaan dan kepercayaan mereka kepada jenama tersebut akan bertambah dan ini dapat mengelakkan berlakunya pelanggaran jenama.

Pemilik jenama haruslah mengeluarkan produk – produk baru bagi menarik minat pengguna dalam terus sentisa bersama dengan jenama tersebut.

Apa yang diharapkan oleh penulis ialah kajian ini membantu mengkaji akan datang untuk terus mengkaji mengenai kajian pengguna. Matlamat penulis adalah untuk menwujudkan pesekitaran pengajian yang akan mengabungkan beberapa eksperimen yang melibatkan beberapa kelebihan pendekatan neutral termasuk merangkumi tingkah laku di dunia sebenar.

4. Kesimpulan

Kesimpulannya, hubungan diantara pengguna dan jenama adalah amat penting kerana penggunalah yang akan memastikan sejauh mana jenama tersebut boleh pergi dan melangkah. Tanpa sokongan pengguna sesuatu jenama tidak akan mampu untuk meningkat tinggi. Pengeluar harus menjaga kualiti barangan dan harga barangan agar dapat memenuhi kepuasan pengguna.

Nama baik jenama juga perlu dijaga bagi menjamin kesetian dan kepuasan pengguna itu sendiri.

Bibliografi

AAKER, J. (2011). When Good Brands Do Bad. journal of consumer reseach.

Gelder, S. V. (2011). Strategi Jenama Global. Kuala Lumpur : Institut Trjemah Negara Sdn Bhd.

Suzanne. (2014). Brand Personality: The Consumer Link. Retrieved from Brand Transgression: https://sk76blog.wordpress.com/tag/brand-transgression/

usahawan.com. (n.d.). kepentingan jenama. Retrieved from keusahawanan: http://www.usahawan.com/umum/kepentingan-jenama-dalam-perniagaan.html

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