...The Conventional Autopsy still has an Important Role in Modern Medicine RACHNA BAJAJ INTRODUCTION Human dissection has historically been carried out in search for humours, worms, miasmas and divine spells to explain what caused illness and death. However, as ‘scientific’ thinking advanced, there was a desire to understand disease based on the empirical evidence obtained from post-mortem examinations.1 This gave birth to one of the most important gold standards of diagnosis, a great tool for medical audit and probably the best teaching method of medicine – the autopsy. The words ‘autopsy’, ‘necropsy’ and ‘post-mortem examination’ are synonymous with each other and refer to the investigation of the human body involving an external examination followed by the dissections of the head, thorax and the abdomen. The word autopsy literally means ‘to see for oneself’. Autopsy rates in the United Kingdom (UK) currently stand at 21.9%, out of which only 0.4% are not requested by a coroner and the most common request for an autopsy occurs in cases of unexpected deaths where the cause is not apparent. Autopsies are also carried out for determination of manner of death, evaluation of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis, epidemiological purposes, survey outbreaks, medical audit, research, teaching, forensic purposes and to enlighten/reassure families or inform then of hereditary diseases. Despite the well-recognised importance of autopsies in twenty-first century medicine...
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...“Was the death of Edgar Allan Poe really an accident?” Edgar Allan Poe death on October 7, 1949 was a strange and surprising event to everyone who knew and loved him. The cause of Poe’s death remains a mystery even now. While there are many reasonable facts and theories surrounding Poe’s unusual death, such as, heavy metal poisoning, further investigation regarding Poe’s enemies needs to happen in order for the mystery to be solved. There are many things that are known about the events surrounding Poe’s shocking decline in health and eventually his demise. For example, Poe was told by his fiance Elmira Shelton that he looked ill about a day before his departure for Philadelphia. So, Poe visited his doctor and friend, John Carter who recommended that he stay home and rest (D). During many times before his decline in health Poe suffered from recurrent depression, drug and alcohol abuse (A). A few days after his departure he was found “semi-conscious and was taken to a nearby...
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...Mental Health Disease Robin Cameron NUR/408 Janruary 16, 2011 Nancyruth Leibold Mental Health Disease According to Perry, Presley-Cantrell, and Dhingra (2010) “Mental illness is term health conditions that are characterized by alteration in thinking, mood, or behavior or perhaps a combination that is associated with distress and/or impaired functioning” (p. 2333). Mental health has become an increase concern in the vulnerable elderly population across the nation. Two of the major mental diseases that are prevalence in the elderly population are Alzheimer’s and Dementia. Alzheimer and Dementia are both diseases that affect the elderly population across the nation by declining loss of intellectual functioning. Not much is known about these disease processes but what is known is both these diseases are similar in signs and symptoms (Fisher Center For Alzheimer‘s Research Foundation, 2011). To explore and understand more about Alzheimer and Dementia disease process, it is important to understand what epidemiology is. Then this paper will show how the steps and methods the epidemiology uses to help determine the cause and effect of a disease. The paper continues to review how the epidemiological triangle is used. It is important to tie it altogether by explaining how epidemiology is used to help explore and understanding in how the disease process develops, any identifying causes and how to either slow the effects or prevent the disease process of Alzheimer from...
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...Studies A child Is born Arvo Ylppö was born 27th October 1887 in Akaa, as the fifth child out of twelve. Almost every child at that time was delivered at home. Children were not measured and weighted at that time, but Arvo himself estimated himself, at birth that he was a small child with a weight under two kilograms. Relatives had been waiting for him to come to the world because there had been no boys in the house, ”just girls”. Manpower was needed at the farm due to heavy work by hand. The rest of the family spoiled the kid and he got a lot of attention. Arvo was an active boy often teasing his sisters. There were several accidents in Ylppös’ family. One fell from a high tree, and another hit himself with an axe. When things like that happened, Arvo remembered how his mother was worried and sad about her children and the atmosphere was spread around in the house. The medical officer, Kalle Pelkonen, was called to help. At that point, Arvo made his decision about his future career. ”To be able to help my mother I made, already as a child, the decision to study pediatrics so that mother would not have to phone Dr Pelkonen for advice all the time”. Through itinerant school to elementary school The quick-witted and imaginative Arvo did not always fulfill the expectations of a nice child. At that time, the conception of how a child should behave was: talk when you are asked to, otherwise do not bother to exaggerate yourself. Because of this, his parents did not dare to send...
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...according to court documents released Thursday. Little Natalia was living with her uncle and Vick, their 10-month old son Dominick and Vick's eight-year-old daughter Alexis because her own mother was in prison On April 7, Peoria police say Vick texted her boyfriend around noon to say that the child had had multiple accidents and that she "cannot handle it anymore." Three hours later, police say she called 911 to report that Natalia had "suddenly collapsed" and wasn't breathing. The child was covered in bruises, including inside both ears, and had balding spots where her hair had been pulled out. She had a cut over her left eye and a burn in the process of healing under her right eye. She died an hour later at Phoenix Children's Hospital. An autopsy showed that her small intestine had been severed and doctors concluded the injury could have come only from blunt-force trauma in the late-morning to noonish. Vick didn't summon help until 3:20 p.m. And here is perhaps the worst of the worst part -- doctors believe this child could have been saved had she gotten immediate medical attention. What kind of person beats a child and then...
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...Advance Directives When you are no longer able to make your own decisions. 4/11/2011 DeVry University Health Rights and Responsibilities SPRA11 Sec11 Professor: Deyrl Gulliford Karen Anyalebechi What kind of medical care would you want if you were too ill or hurt to express your wishes? Advance directives are legal documents that allow you to convey your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time. They provide ways for you to communicate you’re wishes to family, friends, and healthcare professionals to avoid confusion later on. Advance directives centers around the principle of your right to die and death with dignity. With an advance directive, you can express how much or how little you want done for you when you are no longer able to make decisions. (Advance Directives) Legal documents can ease end-of-life decisions. Congress passed the Patient Self Determination Act (PSDA), which became effective in 1991. The act requires all health-care institutions that receive Medicare or Medicaid funds to provide patients with written information about their right under state law to execute advance directives, but it does not require states to adopt or change any substantive laws. The written information must clearly state the institution’s policies on withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. The PDSA also requires facilities to document in each patient’s medical record whether an advance directive has been executed, to educate staff and the public about the right...
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...my undiagnosed heart condition. There were many signs during my youth that were indicative of my heart condition that could have been treated differently if the doctors had looked into it. I was always small in stature, I have several eye and vascular issues that were affected by the lack of oxygen, I always worked extra hard within athletics and was very slow to improve. My doctors and I now believe all of these issues could have been much less significant should my Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) have been discovered and repaired early in my life. A simple pulse oximetry test at my birth may have picked up my condition and proper treatment delivered but back in 1999 when I was born that test was not standard procedure after birth at the hospital in which I was born. Similar stories to mine are more common than...
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...Running head: HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND FAITH DIVERSITY Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Tina D. Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V 6-28-2012 Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity In nursing, patients from many different backgrounds end up needing care. Nurses need to know their own faith, morals, and values when caring for these patients. When a nurse knows how they feel personally they will then need to learn about different backgrounds they may have to care for. Religious beliefs are a huge factor when patients are deciding what kind of care they want. Looking at different religions and how they perceive health and health care is very important in the learning process in how to take care of patients from different backgrounds or religions. In a comparison to Christianity: the Aboriginal faith community, Christian Science faith community, and Sikh faith community will be looked at. Aboriginal faith community includes people of Canada. They include more than fifty cultural language groups within Canada (Linda, 2009). In the Aboriginal faith community they believe health is holistic and is a balance of all aspects of life including physical, mental emotional, and spiritual. As Christians request anointing with oil during illness or when close to death Aboriginals do what is called smudging. Smudging is burning sweetgrass, sage, cedar and tobacco. Traditional healers or medicine men are the ones who perform smudging techniques...
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...Today, nearly a billion people on earth smoke cigarettes. Many have tried to stop, and they, too, find that smoking can be extremely difficult to give up. In the United States, four out of fives smokers say they want to “kick the habit”; each year fewer than one in ten succeeds. To see why, it is necessary to understand the effects of tobacco’s most powerful ingredient: nicotine. Nicotine is an alkaloid poison found in tobacco leaves that defends the plant against insect attack. Nicotine affects the nervous system of insects and is sometimes an ingredient of insecticides. When small doses of pure nicotine are given to Rats, the result is instant death. A cigarette contains an average of eight to nine milligrams of nicotine. However, some of this stays in the unsmoked remainder and some of it escapes into the air with the smoke. While the amount of nicotine inhaled with each puff is not poisonous, it does have powerful effects on a smoker’s nervous system. In fact, nicotine often causes a first-time smoker to feel dizzy and nauseous. When tobacco smoke is held in the mouth, and not inhaled into the lungs, some nicotine is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth and enters the bloodstream. The blood carrying the nicotine flows to the heart and is then pumped to the brain. Nicotine from chewing tobacco and snuff follows a similar route. However, when nicotine is drawn into the lungs, it passes more quickly into the bloodstream and on to the brain. Often less than ten...
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...clusters of protein called beta amyloid that are not normal. Neurofibrillary tangles are bundles of twisted fibers made up of a protein called tau. These plaques and tangles stop communication between nerve cells and cause them to die. The next type of dementia with the second highest rate of cases is vascular dementia. This type is most typical after a stroke. There are several symptoms associated with dementia and many other diseases and conditions that can cause similar symptoms of the disease, even some which are reversible. Some of those include: • thyroid problems • vitamin deficiencies. A common fallacy known among people without the disease who do not know much about it other than it causes memory loss is that serious mental decline is something that is a normal part of aging and it is just senility. Dementia is generally divided into two categories: early onset and late onset. People who are diagnosed with the disease before the age of 65 are known to have early onset dementia. Dementia in younger people is likely to cause organization and movement issues. Also, there are high chances that early on-set dementia is genetic. Once diagnosed, the life expectancy is around four to eight years. Alzheimer’s s now the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. This year, 2017, it is estimated that approximately $259 billion will be spent on the disease, and by 2050 that amount could rise to the unimaginable number of $1.1 trillion! While this disease is affecting...
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...INTERNATIONAL STUDENT HEALTH INSURANCE: SILVER PLAN S INTRODUCTION This insurance covers medical expenses from sickness or injury, and losses arising from sudden and unforeseen circumstances. Coverage is subject to certain limitations and exclusions, which are explained in this policy. This policy is underwritten by Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada (Sun Life). Imagine Financial Ltd., operating as Ingle International, performs enrolment and provides customer service. Emergency Assistance is provided by Intrepid 24/7, a member of the Ingle Group of Companies. All benefit limits are expressed in Canadian currency. Sun Life will pay the benefits stated in this policy, subject to all of its terms, conditions, limitations, exclusions and other provisions for Reasonable and Customary expenses that are incurred as a result of an unexpected Sickness or Injury up to the benefit maximum for that particular benefit, or to the overall policy maximum. All maximums stated in this policy are per Insured Person per 365 day period unless otherwise stated, and are stated in Canadian dollar currency. You must call Emergency Assistance to ensure coverage of certain expenses. See the Pre-Approval Requirements in Section III for further details. You may be responsible for a portion of the expenses if the insurer is not notified promptly. Emergency Assistance: we’re here to help This policy is in force only if Ingle International confirms your coverage after receiving your enrolment application...
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...Term paper EN1320 Dr. Baughman Jay C. Montgomery August 13, 2015 The Evolution of Medicine By Jay C. Montgomery The evolution of medicine was a contributing factor to important advances in our own modern day medicines and technologies. While there are many civilizations to choose from, some of the best contributions came from the Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Roman, Muslim, Indian, and Japanese cultures. In order to understand what these civilizations did to transform the medical world, it is a necessity to first recognize and appreciate what they were able to accomplish with the little resources available at the time. That being said, even though these societies had little to work with, they were still capable of amazing achievements. The first civilization being considered is the Egyptian civilization because it is one of the oldest and most well-known for their proficiency in various fields, including medicine. The Egyptians possessed a large amount of knowledge of healing with herbs as well as repairing physical injuries in order to tend to the workers responsible for building the great monuments that we still see today in Egypt (Shuttleworth, Ancient Medicine). The Egyptians were very skilled at performing eye surgery, since irritation of the eyes was common in a desert society. Most of the archeological evidence we have today is thanks to the well preserved mummy corpses. We know that healed skeletons were a good indication that prove the Egyptians were capable...
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...Yeditepe University Sample Proficiency Test USE OF ENGLISH In questions 1 – 18, choose the correct word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. ________were not placed under the government’s protection disappointed many people. a. That some historic buildings in the city centre b. Some historic buildings in the city centre c. Being historic, some buildings in the city centre d. Some historic buildings that are in the city centre 2. France refused to admit into the country hundreds of illegal immigrants arriving from North Africa and _____. a. either did Germany c. neither did Germany b. so did Germany d. nor did Germany 3. The old man managed to tell his son ________ he kept all his money only a few minutes before he died. a. whether b. which c. when d. where 4. Robin Smith’s first novel enjoyed enormous success. It was first published in January and by the beginning of May it________ over three million copies. a. sold b. has sold c. was selling d. had sold 5. Jessica and her husband have been arguing a lot recently. She wants to move to Boston but ______ in New York. a. he’d rather live c. he’d rather lived b. he’d rather living d. he’d rather to live 6. This room is freezing cold. ____ you mind _____ the air-conditioner? a. Would / if I turn off c. Would / turning off b. Do / if I turned off d. Do / having turned off 7. The Prime Minister’s speech caused a lot of anger and dissatisfaction among immigrants...
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...__________________________________________________________ 5 Mr Rogers reaction to the separation________________________________________ 6 Contact with QPS________________________________________________________ 8 Contact with other agencies ______________________________________________ 10 Events immediately prior to the deaths _____________________________________ 12 The killing of Anthony Way and Tania Rogers_______________________________ 13 Discovery of the deaths __________________________________________________ 14 The search _____________________________________________________________ 15 Rogers and Kyla are found _______________________________________________ 17 The investigation findings _____________________________________________17 The autopsies...
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...one of the most crucial phases in the survival and development of the child. The Millennium Development Goal Number four (4) of reducing under five child mortality can be achieved by the Philippines, however, if the neonatal mortality rates are not addressed from its non-moving trend of decline, MDG 4 might not be achieved (http://www.doh.gov.ph/node/2664). Based on health statistics, the Philippines is one of the 42 countries that account for 90% of under-five mortality worldwide. Eighty two thousand (82,000) Filipino children under five years old die every year. Thirty seven percent (37%) or 40,000 of them are newborn. Majority of them (3/4) die within the first two days of life, mostly from preventable causes. The high mortality and morbidity rates in newborn are directly related to inappropriate hospital and community practices currently employed throughout the Philippines. According to the Department of Health (2009) that correct and appropriately-timed interventions given to the newborn during this period will benefit both the newborn and the mother as these will avert approximately 70% of avoidable newborn deaths (Department of Health, 2009). Studies found out that Philippine hospitals’ practices...
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