...Hanford Facility located in Washington State was created in 1943 to help with the Manhattan Project. It helped by producing plutonium in the nine nuclear reactors that the site held. The facility continued to produce plutonium past World War Two but stopped in 1989 and turned to try to clean up all the waste that was left behind. The Hanford Facility resulted in more than 43 million cubic yards of radioactive waste, and after trying to contain the waste and accidental spills it had caused 130 million cubic yards of contaminated soil. This in turn has contaminated the groundwater and approximately 475 billion gallons of contaminated water was dumped into the soil as well. This all contributed to the fact that the 80 square miles around the...
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...Pakistan’s internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate. (2008) * Why most countries of the Muslim world are devoid of democratic governance? What changes would you recommend to make them modern democratic states? (2009) * Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to develop a road map and follow it with necessary modification? Explain (2009) GOVERNANCE * Governance through ordinances has been the hallmark of all regimes, democratic or otherwise, in Pakistan. In this context briefly review Pakistan’s political, constitutional and judicial landmarks. (2000) * Note: Ramification of Taliban’s style governance. (2000) * Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at Institutional level. Suggest remedies to mitigate this situation. (2007) GLOBALIZATION * Discuss politics of World Trade Organization and Globalization. (2000) * Globalization, as being shaped by the World Trade Organization in a world of un-equal nation-slates, has un-manageable implications. Discuss. (2003) 911 CONSEQUENCES * “A single catastrophic event –‘Nine Eleven’ – has turned the entire world topsy-turvy”. Discuss. (2002) * Give a long-term scenario of Afghanistan and Iraq beyond the perspective of' Nine Eleven'. (2003) TERRORISM * The phenomenon of terrorism has occupied center stage in today’s world. Highlight the difference between terrorism and a freedom struggle. Discuss the issue of terrorism in the back drop...
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...Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions of radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium to generate nuclear energy. The energy generates heat to boil water which then causes the steam turbines to rotate and generate electricity inside a nuclear power plant. The United States is the world’s largest producer of nuclear energy, accounting for 30% of the world’s nuclear generation electricity. The US currently has 100 nuclear reactors in operation, producing 800 million kilowatt hour of electricity in 2015. Since the early 1990s, the United States is currently the only superpower country in the world due to their economy, military, and political influence. The United States relies on nuclear power for over the past three-quarters of...
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...NON-MILITARY ELEMENTS OF STATECRAFT FACULTY SEMINAR LEADER: AMBASSADOR JAMES B. FOLEY FACULTY ADVISOR: COLONEL THOMAS GRIFFITH, USAF 29 NOVEMBER 2006 Bird 1 On October 8, 2005, North Korea detonated a nuclear device, and forever changed the global political landscape. Despite the best efforts of the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia, the isolationist regime was not deterred from joining the elite nuclear club.1 Now faced with the prospect of North Korean nuclear proliferation, the world is undoubtedly a more dangerous place to live in. Over the last 50 years, virtually all the instruments of national power have been brought to bear in an effort to solve the security dilemma presented by the North Korean regime. The detonation on October 8th suggests these previous strategies were not nearly effective enough. A nuclear armed North Korea presents a grave danger that should force us to reexamine our policy. This paper focuses on the economic instrument, examines how it has been utilized over the last 15 years in both the Clinton and Bush administrations, and offers some thoughts on a desired endstate of North Korean economic integration. The Context--the Fall of Communism The fall of the Berlin wall was a watershed event in man’s political, social, and economic evolution. For almost five decades, two superpowers squared off in relative peace under the frightening specter of mutually assured destruction. The policy of the United States was containment. If the US...
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...particular power source. Nuclear power is a safe, efficient, and effective energy source that should be utilized more than it is now. Nuclear power is achieved through fission; the splitting of an atom. Usually, the atom is uranium, the ninety-second element on the periodic table. One of the heavier elements, uranium is unstable and produces an extreme amount of energy when split (Reynoldson 5). Other elements like plutonium can also be used, but plutonium is very rare which results in the majority of nuclear reactor using uranium. The high level of energy generated by split uranium atoms also begets a tremendous amount of heat that is moved away from the reactor core using a coolant. In most cases the coolant is normal water. As the water cools the reactor, it heats up and changes into steam. This steam is sent through a turbine where it produces electricity, and lastly it is cooled off so that it can condense back into water. Some nuclear plants uses bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, or the ocean in order to cool the steam, while others use large cooling towers ("How Nuclear Power Works").ADD TRANSITION Upon hearing of nuclear power, the public's primary interest is safety. This is a respectable concern, and the most important subject when discussing this formidable energy source. Nuclear accidents are internationally devastating, affecting human life and the surrounding environment for an extensive period of time. Fortunately, since the inception of nuclear power as a domestic...
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...accidents will occur. This report will introduce the important control systems found in many of the most common nuclear reactors along with an explanation on how they work and how they're implemented. First we must go back into the histories to gain a better understanding of why these control systems are so important and consequences that resulted when control systems are not implements or not used properly. History To know the history of nuclear power plants, one must first understand what a nuclear power plant is. A nuclear power plant is very similar to that of any other steam-electric power plant, in that water is heated and the steam from the water turns turbines, thus creating electricity. The major difference is how the power plant generates heat. The source of the heat from nuclear power plants comes from nuclear fission, rather than from coal, oil or gas. In 1934, a physicist by the name of Enrico Fermi conducted the first experiments that resulted in the splitting of atoms. (“The history of nuclear energy,”pg4) He then proceeded to contact a few other scientist he knew to confirm his results before publishing, among these was Lise Meitner in Copenhagen, who was the one that decided to use Einstein’s theory of relativity to prove the results. Not only did she prove that the fission actually did occur, but was one of the first to prove...
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... George W. Bush succeeded to the US presidency in early 2001 on a political platform that pointed to elements of ideological fundamentalism and assumptions of inherent bad faith in Pyongyang. Robert Woodward argued that the Bush Administration’s outlook was based on moral absolutism that cast the US as a crusader against the ‘evil’ North Korean leadership. Similarly, Charles L. Pritchard, who served as National Security Council Director for Asian Affairs under the Clinton Administration, and the US Representative to Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) under the Bush Administration, reflected that the transition to Bush marked a hundred percent fundamental change. The Bush Administration brought with it a whole different set of assumptions on North Korean intentions and how to deal with the North Koreans, they [the Bush Administration] viewed the Agreed Framework as...
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...World War II: A World At War The so-called war to end all wars, the First World War, did not solve almost any of the problems which had caused it. For this reason, it wasn't such a surprise that not too long after the end of World War I another one followed. The Great Depression crippled the economies of Europe and the United States. That, combined with the outcome of World War I, led to major repositioning of world power and influence. That was fertile ground for the emergence of various forms of totalitarian governments in the Soviet Union, Japan, Italy, and Germany, as well as other countries. After the First World War, also known as the Great War, many of the countries that were involved struggled to recover in many ways. War is not cheap and it ended up costing all the countries involved in some way or another. It left tremendous political dislocations in Europe that laid the groundwork for the collapse of democratic institutions on the continent and set the stage for a German power struggle. The democratic regime was already in turmoil and was further weakened by the worldwide depression that began in 1929 following the war. The Second World War was arguably the most significant period of the 20th century. It wasn't called a World War by coincidence. Both World Wars were called this simply because they involved most of the big countries of the world. World War II was fought across six out of seven of the worlds continents and all of its oceans. It left countries materially...
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...Canadian International Council Strengthening the Non-Proliferation Regime: The Role of Coercive Sanctions Author(s): T. V. Paul Source: International Journal, Vol. 51, No. 3, Nuclear Politics (Summer, 1996), pp. 440-465 Published by: Canadian International Council Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40203123 Accessed: 30/11/2010 19:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cic. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Canadian International Councilis collaborating...
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...uence is never enough BHP Billiton Australia: Coal mine workers ght back - Queensland BHP Billiton Australia: BHP battle with farmers - New South Wales Oil and Gas and Greenhouse Gases BHP Billiton globally: Re-carbonising instead of decarbonising BHP Billiton in Australia: Hero or destroyer? Uranium BHP Billiton in Australia: “Wanti” uranium – leave it BHP Billiton in Australia: Irradiating the future BHP Billiton in Indonesia: Mining for REDD a false solution to climate change Solutions? Less mining, more reuse and recycling? Moving into rare earths? Footnotes BHP Global mining operations – dirty energy investments 1 3 4 7 8 10 10 11 12 13 15 18 19 20 22 Introduction “More than 30 million people were displaced in 2010 by environmental and weather-related disasters across Asia, experts have warned, and the problem is only likely to grow worse as climate change exacerbates such problems. Tens of millions more people are likely to be similarly displaced in the future by the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, floods, droughts and reduced agricultural productivity. Such people are likely to migrate in regions across Asia, and governments must start to prepare for the problems this will create.” – Asian Development Bank Report1 8 4 5 BHP Billiton accepts the importance of reducing carbon emissions but has no immediate intention of reducing its production of the materials which make the greatest contribution to them. 6 7 1 2 ...
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...TRADING STOCKS Stock trading has become one of the most popular and efficient ways to make money since it is easy to access and it could bring a lot of money back to investors. With some extra money, anyone can purchase stocks from a company or corporation and make profit. A stock is basically a type of security that signifies ownership in a corporation and represents a claim on part of the corporation’s assets and earnings. There are two main types of stock: common and preferred. Common stock usually entitles the owner to vote at shareholders' meetings and to receive dividends. Preferred stock generally does not have voting rights, but has a higher claim on assets and earnings than the common shares. Owning a stock means that a stockholder (person that owns the stock) has a claim to a part of the corporation’s assets and earnings. We could say that shareholders are owners of a corporation. Ownership is determined by the number of shares a person owns relative to the number of outstanding shares. The higher number of stocks a person owns, the more benefit he/she will get. People that purchase stocks would have the following advantages and disadvantages: Advantages: -They would be able to gain a large amount of money -The potential loss from stock purchases with cash is limited to the amount of the initial investment. -Stocks offer limited legal liability -Most stocks are very liquid (they can be bought and sold quickly at a fair price) -Investment diversification (purchasing...
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...The richest man in the world explains how to save the planet. At 58, Bill Gates is not only the richest man in the world, with a fortune that now exceeds $76 billion, but he may also be the most optimistic. In his view, the world is a giant operating system that just needs to be debugged. Gates' driving idea – the idea that animates his life, that guides his philanthropy, that keeps him late in his sleek book-lined office overlooking Lake Washington, outside Seattle – is the hacker's notion that the code for these problems can be rewritten, that errors can be fixed, that huge systems – whether it's Windows 8, global poverty or climate change – can be improved if you have the right tools and the right skills. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the philanthropic organization with a $36 billion endowment that he runs with his wife, is like a giant startup whose target market is human civilization. Personally, Gates has very little Master of the Universe swagger and, given the scale of his wealth, his possessions are modest: three houses, one plane, no yachts. He wears loafers and khakis and V-neck sweaters. He often needs a haircut. His glasses haven't changed much in 40 years. For fun, he attends bridge tournaments. Related: Q&A: Bill Gates on How to Stop Global Warming Related: Obama in Command: The Rolling Stone Interview Related: Steve Jobs: The Rolling Stone Interview But if his social ambitions are modest, his intellectual scope is mind-boggling: climate, energy...
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...Stanford University Nuclear weapons are so central to the history of the Cold War that it can be difficult to disentangle the two. Did nuclear weapons cause the Cold War? Did they contribute to its escalation? Did they help to keep the Cold War “cold?” We should ask also how the Cold War shaped the development of atomic energy. Was the nuclear arms race a product of Cold War tension rather than its cause? The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War The nuclear age began before the Cold War. During World War II, three countries decided to build the atomic bomb: Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Britain put its own work aside and joined the Manhattan Project as a junior partner in 1943. The Soviet effort was small before August 1945. The British and American projects were driven by the fear of a German atomic bomb, but Germany decided in 1942 not to make a serious effort to build the bomb. In an extraordinary display of scientific and industrial might, the United States made two bombs ready for use by August 1945. Germany was defeated by then, but President Truman decided to use the bomb against Japan. The decision to use the atomic bomb has been a matter of intense controversy. Did Truman decide to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order, as he claimed, to end the war with Japan without further loss of American lives? Or did he drop the bombs in order to intimidate the Soviet Union, without really needing them to bring the war to an 2 end? His primary...
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...INFORMS Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Multiattribute Utility Theory: Recent Accomplishments and What Lies Ahead Author(s): Jyrki Wallenius, Peter C. Fishburn, Stanley Zionts, James S. Dyer, Ralph E. Steuer and Kalyanmoy Deb Source: Management Science, Vol. 54, No. 7 (Jul., 2008), pp. 1336-1349 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20122479 Accessed: 15-10-2015 13:28 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. INFORMS is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Management Science. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.243.57.230 on Thu, 15 Oct 2015 13:28:04 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SCIENCE MANAGEMENT WjEE. Vol. 54, No. 7, July 2008, 1336-1349 pp. DOI io.l287/nmsc.l070.0838 ISSN 0025-19091EISSN1526-55011081540711336@2008 INFORMS Criteria Decision Making, Multiattribute Multiple Utility Theory: Recent Accomplishments and What Lies Ahead School Helsinki Jyrki Wallenius of...
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...People vs Nuclear Power in Jaitapur, Maharashtra In the Konkan, thousands of families in the environmentallyrich and verdant Jaitapur area are waging a non-violent battle against the Department of Atomic Energy’s plan to construct the world’s biggest nuclear power complex in the region. A report of the struggle that has been met with repression and a critique of the proposed European Pressurised Reactors which are currently not operational anywhere in the world and have been criticised for their design flaws. T This writer visited Jaitapur in early January 2011 on behalf of the Coalition of Nuclear Disarmament and Peace as part of a team of citizens which wanted to examine popular concerns about the environmental, safety, livelihood and governance issues raised by the project, to assess violations of civil liberties by the state, and to express solidarity with the movement against it. The team included former Planning Commission member S P Shukla, journalist Bhasha Singh, and filmmaker Rafeeq Ellias. It was guided by Vaishali Patil of the Konkan Vinashkari Prakalp Virodhi Samiti. Some portions of this article are paraphrased from CNDP’s booklet, Courting Nuclear Disaster in Maharashtra: Why the Jaitapur Project Must Be Scrapped, available at www.cndpindia.org Praful Bidwai (prafulbidwai@gmail.com) is a well-known columnist and writer on current affairs. he first thing that strikes the visitor to Jaitapur-Madban in Maharashtra’s Ratnagiri district, about 400 km from...
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