...PSY/300 October 2, 2012 Shari Tumlin Phobias and Addictions In this paper I will be discussing phobias and addictions in relation to classical and operant conditioning. I will research and explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning, and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. I will also explain what extinction means in psychology and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning. The first thing you need to know is what exactly a phobia is. A phobia is an uncontrollable fear of an object or situation that is unreasonable and can develop in many ways; one of these ways is through conditioning. People have fears all the time, but a phobia affects a person’s daily life. Phobias for some people make it to where they become reclusive, or they cannot leave the comfort of their own homes, or their safe place. There are two main types or categories of phobias; they are specific phobias and social phobias. A specific phobia is an uncontrollable fear of a specific thing or a specific stimulus. There are animal phobias where a person is afraid of a certain animal or insect, for example the fear of spiders is called arachnophobia. There are environmental phobias like a fear of storms or heights. There are phobias of medical procedures as well as situational phobias like small spaces or flying. A social phobia is an uncontrollable fear of a particular situation such as giving a presentation in front of a large...
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...drive a person crazy. Dealing with contamination OCD myself, I am a self-proclaimed “germ-a-phobe” or “germ-freak,” but living in fear of germs is not what I always dreamed of. Anxiety is an understatement in regards to never touching the TV remote control just because I don’t know who touched it last and what they’ve touched last, or letting everyone believe I’m unfriendly just to avoid a high-five, even though I do carry hand sanitizer with me. These are unnecessary and irrelevant thoughts to anything worthwhile, but somehow they aren’t as easy to get rid of as you might think. Contamination OCD can cause so much fear and anxiety in a person’s life, but what is it that actually jump starts this seemingly endless annoyance? Should the rest of the world consider our thoughts on the fact that maybe germs are dangerous or is it the disinfectants that are really causing us harm? Even though disinfectants pose such a dangerous threat to our health due to toxins in them, those living with contamination OCD still can’t seem to accept that fact and put down the cleaners in fear of being contaminated by germs because of the habits and rituals that have taken over in our minds and therapy and/or drugs may be the only relief for a person who suffers from contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder filled with fear and anxiety that interferes with a persons daily life. Melinda Smith, M.A. and Ellen Jaffe-Gill describe obsessions as, “involuntary...
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...25 Ways to Beat Procrastination * Face up to the results of procrastination. What will happen if you procrastinate? How will you feel if you fail the test? How miserable will you be over the weekend if you have to write a last- minute paper while your family and friends get to go see a movie? * Concentrate on the rewards of managing yourself and your time. Think about the rewards that you will get when you finish a difficult task. You can go to a movie or relax or spend time with your children. You can get a good grade. Think about how good you will feel when the weekend comes and your paper is finished and you don’t have to spend all your time working on a project. Focus on how good you will feel when you did well on a project. While you are working, stop periodically and focus on the rewards. * Break up big tasks into small ones. If you have to write a paper, can you work on one segment tonight and another one tomorrow? If you start early and finish a small segment each day, a big paper is just a series of small tasks. * Give yourself a time limit to accomplish a task. Work will expand to take up as much time as we allow it to. Push yourself to work faster and more efficiently. * Set a regular time for study, and do not vary from it. Determine your personal “ best time” and “ best place.” * Start studying with positive, realistic thoughts. Push negative thoughts out of your mind. Tell yourself that you are growing and becoming more competent. Remember...
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...Employee Selection Methods Christopher Holland Walsh College Author Note This paper is written to analyze three HR journal articles based on the topic chosen above. Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..4 Analysis………………………………………………………………………………5 The Art of Management Selection…………………………………………...5 One Firm Finds Passive Candidates Offer a Safe Selection Process………...6 Selecting Global Assignees…………………………………………………..7 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………8 References……………………………………………………………………………9 Abstract Human resource departments has different ways of employee selection methods. It can be quite difficult for companies to find the right fit based off of the job description. These types of tools are there to assist the HR department to select an individual. The triangulation method gives an HR department the tool to decide whether or not to hire the individual. This paper will analyze three separate articles regarding the employee selection method topic that was chosen and will provide different methods and how the selection process actually works. There are dozens of different methods an HR department can use to hire a candidate, but it all revolves around what type of company it is, the size of the company, and what the job requirements are. Employee selection is usually the starting area for well-known talent management. ...
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...organized aspect of writingCOMMA and it clears my mind. I find that I am able to write what I feel [easier ]MORE EASILY in my private journal versus writing an essay that will be graded. [NICE INTRO – CONTRARY TO YOUR TITLE, THIS SEEMS AS THOUGH IT’S GOING TO BE ABOUT YOUR JOURNAL WRITING VS. ACADEMIC WRITING, NOT GRAMMAR? ALSO, YOU NEED TO GET RID OF THIS EXTRA LINE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS.] During [my ]seventh grade, in middle school, I had a very tough English teacher. Mrs. Carson was a very nice person outside of class[,]SEMI-COLON howeverCOMMA her toughness really displayed itself when she graded papers. Her main focus[ed] was grammar and clean organization rather than THE ideas of the topic. The entire year I struggled with her; each assignment I struggled to form my papers the way she would want and failed to remember the grammar rules and writing standards. One assignment I can remember clearly, to this day, and I will never forgetCOMMA was the combined research paper for MY English and History classes. Our assignment was to research a period in history and write in depth about the subject[;]COLON why it happened, what was the purpose and how did it...
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...something that we all do to a certain degree, but it is also something that we rarely try to change or work on because it does not seem as important as other issues. I choose to write on this topic for this very reason. If I do not work on it I will continue to procrastinate and this issue will not be addressed. Procrastination is also hindering my school and work performance to a fault in that my grades and work performance could be much better if I just completed assignments diligently and on time. This is also an issue of organization for me because when I do not do things on time then assignments and deadlines pile up. When I decided to deal with my procrastination I did not realize how difficult and demanding it would be. For example I had to make a list of all the things I needed to get done that day and the list was long, but the tough part was when I finished with the items on the list it was again time to make another list, and so on and so forth. So the process, at the beginning, was very overwhelming. However, having a schedule prevented things like homework and work deadlines from piling up and leading to reduced performance. For this project I picked up the self-help book The Procrastinator’s Handbook by Rita Emmett which not only discusses methods to reduce procrastination but also gives a deeper explanation for why we procrastinate. The first point Emmitt stresses is what she calls “tackling the dread” which essentially means understanding why we procrastinate...
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...Trends- Human Service June 24, 2013 Trends This paper will relate economic and political events to current trends in the human services field. Identify demographic trends that influence future needs in the delivery of human services. The team will focus on the North, South, East, West of the USA, and Military serving in foreign lands for our collection of data for this paper. East One major trend in the East coast that has affected Human Services professionals is the Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11). There is no doubt that Americans everywhere will remember the tragic events that took place on 9/11 at the World trade Center, Pentagon, and the aborted flight in Pennsylvania. “The loss of lives and property on 9/11 was not large enough to have had a measurable effect on the productive capacity of the United States even though it had a very significant localized effect on New York City and, to a lesser degree, on the Washington, D.C. area” (Woodside & McClam, 2011, pg.? ) . The attack of 9/11 changed many lives in many ways. Every day is a reminder of how life has changed with longer lines at airports, concrete barriers, a greater police presence in cities, a color-coded five-level threat system, and increased emphasis on biological weapons research. The attacks on 9/11 has affected the work of human service professionals in a major way, encountering clients with both long and short term consequences. Because these attacks were acts of terrorism;...
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...Causes of Crimes Today A Research Paper Submitted to the Humanities Department Of Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City . In Partial Fulfillent of the Course English 102A A Paper Submitted by Roland M. Retiza Victor Paulo Butcon BSCRIM1 March 2014 Table of Contents Title Page Introduction Introduction: The world is not as easy as it looks to be, at one time people could sleep with their windows up and doors unlocked, but in today’s society people have to lock and close the windows. Crime today is very rampant and is at an ultimate high which the world is slowly falling apart. You can think and ask yourself, what is happening to our world today? Teenagers are not what they use to be. A long time ago, teenagers were loyal, respectful, and helpful to their parents, but not anymore. Today’s teenagers live their own lives. They do what they want when they want, and they don’t listen to anyone much less to their parents. These teens drinks, use illegal drugs, steal, and murder. They also feel the need to be accepted by their own kinds. This is how gangs are formed. A gang is a group of criminals or hoodlums who band together for mutual protection and profit. These gangs are the greatest cause of crime in the world today because they participate in frivolous act in order to survive. To become a gang member one must go through an initiation which could consist of anything from shoplifting to murder. One initiation includes...
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...in New York, including Long Island are moving toward the continued growth of improved documentations and communication. It is a big change of moving from paper-based nursing documentation to Electronic Medical Record (EMR) as required by the department of Health law that documentation of nursing intervention be done appropriately, and the care given be evaluated accordingly to improve the quality of care that nurses are rendered. This proposed change that is selected is designed for a long term care facility in Syosset, Long Island, with the vision to maintain excellence in care. The need in this health care facility for the change will be examined as well as the organizational and individual barriers to the change. Even though there are factors that might influence the change, there are also factors that will influence the organizational readiness for the change. The success of the changed will depend on the right theoretical model approach, and the right availability of internal and external resources. This new change will allow other providers to have access to the medical records without having to fax or mail them which may delay care. When a patient requires more intensive care such as cardiac distress that requires a transfer to a more skilled facility, the EMS transporter must wait for all the paper work to be done, including xeroxing the doctor’s orders, the labs, immunization, advance directive and more. While waiting for the paperwork to be done, the...
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...is the only option to use if one was to have contracted a disease. To understand how vaccines work, one must know how diseases are fought by the body. According to healthychildren.org, they explain that when someone gets infected his or her body relies on the immune system to fight the invading organism. When the white blood cells are informed that there is a foreign substance in the body, it starts making proteins called antibodies that find and attempt to get rid of that foreign substance. After the disease has been eradicated from the body, “The antibodies don't disappear. They remain in the bloodstream, always on the...
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...serves over one million students in the five boroughs of New York City. It has over 1,700 schools including elementary, middle, junior, and high schools as well as specialized schools for special needs students. It is headed by a city mayor who oversees the system as well as a chancellor. There have been many changes in educational philosophies over the years, including sweeping changes in the curriculum. Many of these changes have originated from the federal No Child Left Behind Legislation (NCLB) legislation to reform educational practices. The main tenet of the change sought to raise reading and math scores on standardized tests. They also included reforms on how teachers are evaluated and how low performing teachers need to be removed. This change has led many principals to struggle with the issues of how to contend with red tape that makes it very difficult if not impossible to remove teachers. In addition they must also fight unions who are struggling to keep their teachers from being dismissed arbitrarily. The issue has become whether or not principals may be using coercive management techniques to persuade teachers to leave. Many principals appear to be engaging in bullying tactics, resulting in a negative work environment that is unconducive to efficiency and impedes the quality of education provided by already overwhelmed instructors. When we examine articles about the ABC school system as well as other school systems across the world we see a pattern emerging...
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...DISORDERS 1 Eating Disorders Connie DePlonty Bay Mills Community College EATING DISORDERS 2 Abstract We have all heard the typical stereotypes of the “perfect body.” Who has a perfect body and what does it look like? Are all girls supposed to be tiny and twig-like, and are all guys supposed to have washboard abs? No, and if this were true, that is how we all would have been created. According to the NEDA website (2014) “everyone is different, and that is what makes people interesting, if everyone were the same then we would have no individuality." It is important that the message of being your own person, to embrace your individualism and love who you are gets to young adults and teenagers. When the message does not get across there are serious consequences such as the development of eating disorders. This paper will review the types of eating disorders, history of the disorders, how they may be diagnosed, signs and symptoms and possible treatment options. EATING DISORDERS 3 “Eating disorders are psychological problems marked by an obsession with food and weight. There are four general categories of eating disorders these are; Anorexia nervosa, Binge eating, Bulimia nervosa and a category called (EDNOS) eating disorders not otherwise specified” (Eating disorders - In Depth Report - QualityHealth...
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...Write that Journal Article (in seven days) Dr Inger Mewburn Director of Research Training Australian National University This slide deck is released under a Creative Commons license Are you a plotter or a pantser? Plotters like to plan and then write line by perfect line. They take a long time, but don’t have to do a lot of editing later. Pantsers like to just jump in, with minimal preparation. They make a mess and then clean it up. The cleaning up can take a long time. Ideally you can switch between these modes. ‘... file cabinets are full of unborn articles. I know many researchers who have a shameful backlog of data; some have unpublished data from the 80’ s that they “hope to publish someday”. Sure they will.’ Silva, 2007. Warning: Don’t try to do this from a cold start... Writing a journal article is like cooking a stew. You need ingredients. If you have to keep running to the shops it will slow you down. Check whether you have some or all of the following in your academic cupboard: ● ● ● Data, Ideas and/or artifacts Knowledge of at least some relevant literature Results, analyses and or theorisations Day Zero: What sort of academic are you? Academia used to be mostly about speaking Image of an early viva from William Clark “academic charisma and the origins of the research university. Now we know each other through writing “Text work is identity work” Kamler and Thomson, 2006 Where you publish matters because...
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...Research Paper English 102 University Maryland University College All character in literature face conflicts whether they are external or internal, for these three short stories there are multiple forms of conflict that the characters will face that can alter the plot or theme of the story. In the first story The Gift of the Magi the main character is struggling with internal conflicts about how to get her husband a gift for Christmas. The couple only made twenty dollars a week and Della the wife only had less than two dollars to buy her husband’s gift. Della had already checked and all the gifts she would want to get for him were more than what she had. This was a poor family and the only two things they had in the world they were proud of was “The James Dillingham Young's were very proud of two things which they owned. One thing was Jim’s gold watch. It had once belonged to his father. And, long ago, it had belonged to his father’s father. The other thing was Della’s hair. If a queen had lived in the rooms near theirs, Della would have washed and dried her hair where the queen could see it. Della knew her hair was more beautiful than any queen’s jewels and gifts.” (Henrey, O). The conflict for Della was to either cut and get rid of her prized possession or to not give her loving husband a gift for Christmas. Della thought hard about her decision but in the end she chose to do something kind for her husband. If Della wouldn’t have bought...
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...Cost Improvement Timothy Vallin BUS 642 Business Research Methods & Tools Instructor: Donald Platine September 24, 2012 Introduction In this study, we will be focusing on restructuring and how it relates to cost improvement. This information has been investigated in order to gain a good knowledge on the importance of restructuring. In order to test this theory, I used random sampling of 20 different data reports relate to the issues that the company faces concerning expenditures, labor and necessary spending. Each month every section of the company has a major meeting and part of the meeting is to discuss the financial reports of the company. Many companies may not find this to be important but it is necessary for our company to do this to track spending. Companies typically do not discuss financials with everyone but they do with us because everyone is given a credit card and a budget for their particular section. We are able to access the other part of company’s financial documents if we want to use them as a tool to improve our budgets. What prompted me to do this is I started working for the company in the year of 2011. After working 5 months for the company, the employees received a letter stating that there will be pay cuts due to the government cutting funding for the program that we are in. There were many complaints from employees who have been there for many years. The employees complained stating that they were told the last pay cut they received would...
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