...------------------------------------------------- Somatoform disorder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Somatoform disorder | Classification and external resources | ICD-10 | F45 | ICD-9 | 300.8 | DiseasesDB | 1645 | eMedicine | med/3527 | MeSH | D013001 | In psychology, a somatoform disorder is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).[1] The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder. [2]Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 25 years. [3] Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers...
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...Somatic Symptom Disorder A Nature vs. Nurture Debate By Jennifer Nguyen July 3, 2015 The Disorder While many mental disorders are well-known and commonly referred to, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and anorexia, one mental disorder that has less limelight are somatoform disorders. WebMD defined somatoform disorders as “mental illnesses that cause bodily symptoms, including pain” where these symptoms cannot be “traced back to any physical cause” and they are “not the result of substance abuse of another mental illness” (WebMD). The Criteria & Associated Behaviors In DSM-IV, somatization disorder was the major somatoform disorder. There were many criteria for this disorder. However, in DSM-V, somatoform disorders were largely replaced by the term somatic symptom disorder, hereon referred to as SSD, which DSM-V characterizes by “somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning, as well as excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding those symptoms. With this new change in DSM-V, somatization disorder (previously in DSM-IV) is now completely removed and replaced. The previous diagnosis of somatization disorder required very specific criteria. However, the new criteria for SSD is not as specific, but it does state that “somatic symptoms must be significantly distressing or disruptive to daily live and must be accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors” (DSM). To see...
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...Analyze Psychodynamic Theories The psychodynamic approach “views schizophrenia as the result of the disintegration of the ego. It is the ego’s job to keep control of the id’s impulses and strike a compromise between the demands of the id and the moral restrictions of the superego” (Sammons). According to the Freud, “some types of abnormal upbringing (particularly if there is a cold, rejecting ‘schizogonic’ mother) can result in a weak and fragile ego, whose ability to contain the id’s desires is limited” (Sammons) This can lead to the ego being ‘broken apart’ by its attempt to contain the id, leaving the id in control of the psyche. If the ego is broken apart, the person can lose contact with reality and would not distinguish themselves from others and fantasies. They would not be distinguishing reality from fantasy. Some disorder of childhood consists of learning disorders, ADHD, and conduct disorder. With learning disorders, they are helped by identifying the issue and coming up with techniques that can help the problem at hand. Children are encouraged to devise new technique that can help them address the problem. The psychodynamic theory has proven to be effective in many cases. The textbook states that the psychodynamic theory tries to rule out the symptoms of a child before diagnosing the child with ADHD. Psychodynamic theorist will notice that the symptoms will occur in response to overwhelming events. Psychodynamic theorists focus on trying to find the source of distress...
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...behavior we would deem abnormal is due to a psychological disorder. Having anxiety before a big event, performing, etc. is natural, however, when anxiety starts to affect one’s life and causes suffering, there might be an underlying disorder. Psychologists identify behavior as abnormal when it matches one or more of this criteria: unusualness, social deviance, emotional distress, maladaptive behavior, dangerousness, faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality (Nevid, 2012). Disorders are classified into groups, for example, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, dissociative and somatoform disorders, etc. that are further divided into specific disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, for example, is an anxiety disorder, whereas, hypochondriasis is a somatoform disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that affects the brain and behavior. OCD involves obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming, distressing, even impairing, that the person suffering from the disorder cannot control. According to Abramowitz, Taylor & McKay (2009), obsessions have four fundamental features: “they are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and cause great anxiety; they are not simply excessive worries about real life issues; the affected individual attempts to ignore, suppress, or neutralize them with some other thought or action; and the affected individual recognizes that these...
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...1. Introduction This paper provides a brief overview of evidence based psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. It addresses the following questions: • How common are anxiety disorders? • What psychological treatments have empirical support? • What recovery rates can be achieved with these treatments? • How enduring are their effects? • Is there value in combining psychological treatments with medication? Psychological treatments can be delivered in a variety of formats. This paper restricts itself to the traditional, and most extensively researched, format of face-to-face contact with a fully qualified therapist. For most anxiety disorders the therapy sessions are once weekly for 60-90 minutes spread over a period of 8-20 weeks, with homework assignments in between. However, in specific phobias, the strongest outcomes have been obtained with a single, long (3-5 hour) session with a therapist, followed by a briefer follow-up session a week or so later. 2. How common are anxiety disorders? The most recent British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey1 estimates that 16.4% of the population have a diagnosable anxiety and/or depressive disorder. The diagnostic system that was used in the survey (ICD-10) is different from the diagnostic system (DSM-IV) that has been used in most trials of psychological treatments. For this reason, it is difficult to be precise about the number of individuals in the UK who have anxiety disorders for which there...
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...Anxiety, Somatoform, and Dissociative Disorders AJ Curless August 6, 2013 PSY/410 Lara Ashbaugh The particular interest in this paper includes anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, and dissociative disorders. According to, Hansell and Damour (2008) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), includes diagnostic and classifications in identifying and diagnosing mental disorders. The classifications and symptoms of these disorders will be examined. In addition, the case of Anna O. will be discussed pertaining to the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of the disorder. Anxiety Disorders “The primary distinction between fear and anxiety is that fear is directed at a specific stimuli; whereas anxiety is more of a general feeling of apprehension about the future” (Hansell & Damour, 2008, p. 115). According to, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), there are several specific disorders that stem from excessive anxiety. They include: agoraphobia, acute stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders stemmed from substance abuse, general anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobia, and social phobia. It is normal to experience fear and anxiety at some point in life but...
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...Anxiety, Mood/Affective, Dissociative, and Somatoform Matrix By Mary R. Torczon PSY/410 Dr. Jones July 25th, 2011 Anxiety, Mood/Affective, Dissociative, and Somatoform Matrix A disorder is a disruptive condition or combinations of symptoms that an individual experiences that may debilitate to his or her daily lives. Some disorders are more complex than others such as hypochondriasis, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety, mood, dissociative, and somatoform disorders make the ability for normal daily functioning impossible. This paper will analyze the disorders of anxiety, mood/affective, dissociative, and somatoform disorders in reference to the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of each disorder category. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders, which are many of the most severe mental disorders, stem from phobias or fears. All people experience some form of generalized anxiety or worry from time to time. Categories of anxiety disorders are general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic disorder (PTSD). Inappropriate anxiety causes the heart to race, breathing becomes rapid, and muscles tense for no reason (AllPsych, 2004). The symptoms, such as excessive worry and fear, become a disorder when they become part of normal daily life. Cognitively, individuals may fixate on perceived dangers and threats. They may over exaggerate the severity of undesirable situations, and...
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...Appendix H Katlin Clark PSY/270 March 15, 2015 Appendix H Case Study 1: Schizoid Personality Disorder Cause: The cause of this disorder is unknown even through, it can be rooted from unsatisfied need for human contact. The parents of people with this disorder are believed to have been unacceptable or abusive to their children. Cognitive theorists think that they suffer from deficiencies in their thinking. So this means that their thoughts tend to be vague and empty and that they have trouble scanning the environment to arrive to an accurate perception. Treatments: The treatment that can help with this disorder can be therapy. They can help the people with this disorder experience more happy feelings and satisfy social interactions. One of the techniques that they use is making the patient make a list of emotions to think about. They can also have them write them down and remember pleasurable experiences. This is what cognitive therapist have them. While behavioral therapist believe in teaching social skills to the clients, using role playing and homework assignments. Case Study 2: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cause: Psychodynamic theorist believe that this disorders cause is cold and rejecting parents. They also have learned that children that have lost their parents or have been abused as a children tend to develop this disorder. Cognitive behavioral theorists believe that they develop this disorder by being treated to positively rather than to negatively...
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...Case Study Comparisons HCS/490 February 9, 2015 Case Study Comparisons There is a lot to consider when it comes to choosing a healthcare plan for you and your family. We are going to talk about the different options you have, such as whether you want a HMO, PPO, or a CDHP. There are many things you need to consider when looking at health plans. Some of these include your age, health, and whether you are single or have a family. We will discuss each of the options and which one may work the best for this situation. HMO Health maintenance organization or HMO, is a standard health care plan available through most health insurance companies. An individual with an HMO maintains their health by visiting their primary care physician on a regular basis for routine check-ups. Typically with an HMO, the individual will select their primary care physician within the preferred network. The individual will see their primary care physician for routine check-ups and preventive care. If the individual has a particular issue, they must go to their primary care physician first. If the primary care physician is unable to treat the patient, the patient will be referred to a specialist by their primary care physician. If the individual chooses to see a doctor outside their preferred network, the individual will be subjected to pay 100% of costs. Health maintenance organizations tend to be more cost effect for the insurance provider and less expensive for the patient. When choosing the...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychological Disorders Etiology of Psychological Disorders Describe the following perspectives on the etiology of psychological disorders: |Perspective |Description of Perspective | |Biological Perspective |This is a perspective that studies the physical basis for animal and human behavior. It involves| | |such things as studying the immune system, nervous system and genetics. | |Learning Perspective |This perspective views the human development which holds that changes in behavior result from | | |experience or from adaptation to the environment. | |Cognitive Factors |Refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve| | |to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive | | |functions like attention, memory, and reasoning (Danili &Reid, 2006) | |Diathesis-Stress Model |This is a theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together | | |with stress...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders University of Phoenix Analyzing Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it hard to tell the difference between what is real and what is not real. Schizophrenia makes it hard to think clearly, and have normal emotional responses. Act normally in social situations is also affected by this disorder. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 1 percent of the U.S. population is diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has no exact known cause but is categorized as a brain disorder affecting the balance in neurotransmitter concentration of dopamine, glutamate and serotonin systems. Symptoms present in the disorder are positive, which means psychosis, or negative, which means affecting emotions and behavior. The primary areas of the brain implicated in schizophrenia are the forebrain, hindbrain and limbic system (LIVESTRONG, Aubri, John, 2011). The forebrain is the topmost and largest portion of the brain and includes the cerebral hemispheres which are divided into four lobes; they are the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus and corpus callosum. As a whole, the forebrain serves to control cognition which is the process of thinking, knowing, learning, judging, sensory and motor function, temperature regulation, reproduction, hunger, sleep cycle and emotional expression. It is within the frontal lobe where thought organization occurs, creating the delusional ideas that are a common positive...
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...PSYC 406 Quiz 5 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-406-quiz-5/ Question 1 of 18 2.0 Points As many as __________% of inpatients may be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. A.20 B.30 C.40 D.50 Question 2 of 18 2.0 Points ___________________ _disorder is prevalent in correctional settings. A.Dysthymic Personality B.Sociopathic Personality Correct C.Antisocial Personality D.Narcissistic Personality Question 3 of 18 2.0 Points DSM-IV-TR includes 12 individual personality disorders. A. True B. False Question 4 of 18 2.0 Points Converting DSM personality disorder to a dimensional model requires integration with the: A.Trait and Factor Theory B.5-Factor Model C.Sociopathological Model D.Social Constructivist Model Question 5 of 18 2.0 Points Personality disorders are generally believed to be untreatable. A. True B. False Question 6 of 18 2.0 Points And individual with the characteristics of aimlessness, unreliability, lax, negligent, manipulative, exploitative, aggressive, ruthless and hedonistic might be diagnosed with: A.Narcissistic Personality Disorder B.Obessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder C.Borderline Personality Disorder D.Antisocial Personality Disorder Question 7 of 18 2.0 Points The single most frequently diagnosed personality disorder is:____________ _______________ ___________. ...
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...Maha Farag Class ( ENG101 ) K-PAX Joe Camp 03/24/2015 K-PAX The intricacies and abnormalities of the human psyche have many mysterious ways to be healed. Iain Softley’s film “K-PAX” substantiates this notion through three events that render the way of healing. First, Doris has paranoid schizophrenia. This mental illness makes her refuse to leave her room. This all changes once Howie sees the sign of happiness and cure, the blue bird, an extremely unlikely occurrence. This chance event gives Doris the motivation leave her room, something that Dr. Powell had been trying relentlessly to accomplish, indicating that she is cured. Next, Ernie has a crippling fear of death rooted in his germophobia and hypochondriasis. This all changes when Howie strangles Ernie just short of the point of death, which sends Ernie to the medics. After this incident, Ernie realizes that death inevitably and unavoidable. Because of this, he must not let the fear of his demise impede on his livelihood. Finally, Dr. Powell does not have any communication with his son. This unfortunate lack of connection stems from his inability to confront and acknowledge his past. However, upon learning about Robert’s family history, and how they were tragically murdered, he realizes the importance of family. This encourages him to request that Prut invites his son to Christmas, implying that he is able to put his past behind him. So, an important theme in Softley’s “KPAX” is the resilience of the human...
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...Psychological Disorders Writing Assignment The purpose of this project is to give you experience in making clinical diagnoses and to attempt to make sense of the many psychological disorders that are out there. You have been assigned to watch a popular movie. I decided to give this to you before Christmas Break because you will have at least 2 weeks to think of the movies form the list and watch one or two or whatever number you want. Pretend that you are a clinical psychologist, and the character in the movie has come in to your office. There is one central character in the movie that has symptoms of a psychological disorder (sometimes there may be more than one character; I have given you the character with the most obvious symptoms). In your paper, you should give a brief description of the character. Then, you should answer the following: o Identify the diagnosis that you would make of the character. • You should back up your diagnosis with the relevant symptoms displayed by the character (in other words, explain why did you make the diagnosis that you did). Refer to the movie to illustrate the symptoms that the character demonstrates. • Discuss all the possible symptoms of the disorder; does the client show all the possible symptoms, or only some of the possible symptoms of the disorder? • In some cases, the character may be lying, and does not really have a disorder. For example, the person may be faking the disorder to avoid prosecution...
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...Damour, 2008). This paper will explore the major categories of anxiety, mood/affective and dissociative/somatoform disorders, list symptoms associated with each, and discuss the biological, cognitive, and behavioral influences of each. The DSM IV-TR category for anxiety encompasses several disorders that fall within similar or shared symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, and general anxiety disorder are a few covered in the matrix. The matrix also categorizes mood/affective disorders to include hypomanic episode, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and manic episodes. Dissociative/somatoform categories are dissociative amnesia, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative fugue, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, somatization disorder (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Symptoms vary based on category and disorder the matrix does demonstrate several...
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