...immense pain. Her husband drove her to the hospital immediately. Her weight is 65.0 kg. Other findings include normal heart tones, clear lung sounds, positive bowel sounds and clear yellow urine from a urinary catheter inserted in the emergency department. Her medical history consists of hypertension, partial lumpectomy of the right breast seven years ago, alcohol abuse and hyperlipidemia. She is allergic to angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. She takes metoprolol 25mg twice per day at home for hypertension management. She has been married for 25 years and has two adult children. She reports that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day and generally drinks two distilled alcoholic drinks per day. Blood work was drawn, but the results are not yet available. The emergency department team has transferred the client to the cardiac catheterization laboratory after inserting left jugular venous access and a urinary catheter. Healthcare Provider’s Orders: Cath Lab orders:...
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...Impact of Salt and Exercise on Blood Pressure Abstract High blood pressure has been a major health concern over the years because it is a major contributor to heart related diseases and conditions a major cause of death in populations today and in the past. Extensive research regarding this issue has been carried out to establish its cause. Among the major causes of high blood pressure, as research shows, is salt specifically sodium, an electrolyte compound found in salt. Salt is association known to not only cause high blood pressure but also cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the pharmacological capacity to reduce blood pressure has produced one of the great public health accomplishments of the 20th century. These two facts the positive relation of blood pressure to strokes and heart attacks and the positive association of sodium intake to blood pressure underlies the hypothesis that a reduction in sodium intake, by virtue of its hypotensive effect, might prevent strokes and heart attacks. Moreover, even if the effect on blood pressure were in the range of a 1- to 2-mm Hg decline in blood pressure for every 75- to 100-mmol difference in sodium intake, the impact of such a change, applied to the whole population, would be enormous. It has also been proven that exercise reduced the dangerous effect of salt on the body. Constant exercising not only help in maintaining a healthy blood pressure but also it ensures that blood pressure related issues such as obesity...
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...I. INTRODUCTION A. Number of cases/Statistic data of the disease A.1 Statistics Accurate pre-eclampsia statistics are difficult to obtain because the condition ranges from extremely mild to severe. Mild cases are sometimes not included in official figures. Furthermore, mild cases may have no effect on pregnancy, which is why the figures for pre-eclampsia as a whole are higher than for those that actually complicate pregnancies. Around 10% of pregnant women develop pregnancy-induced hypertension (high blood pressure) or pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure with protein in the urine).Worldwide more than four million women per year will develop pre-eclampsia, and over 63,000 maternal deaths are due to pre-eclampsia. Action on Pre-Eclampsia estimates that every year in the UK pre-eclampsia is responsible for the deaths of six mothers and 500 to 600 babies. A 2005 to 2006 study showed a promising fall in the numbers of women developing eclampsia since 1992, from 4.9/10,000 to 2.7/10,000. This has arisen as a result of the introduction of management guidelines for eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is much more common in first pregnancies, and there is a reduced incidence of pre-eclampsia in the second pregnancy. The risk of women who have had pre-eclampsia developing it again in future pregnancies is 16 percent, and 25 percent if they suffered from severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or they delivered pre-term. This rises to 55 percent if their baby was delivered before...
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...REACTION: (Paget’s Disease) This article entitled “A Tour Around Paget’s Disease of Bone” basically talks about everything you need to know about this certain disease. First, it talks about the origin of this disease and who discovered it. According to this article, it is discovered by Sir James Paget and that the first recorded evidence of this disease happened about 1000BC and it is the second leading skeletal disorder affecting the aging population that time. It is delightful to know the etymology of this disease and who discovered it because it gives us more knowledge about the disease. Second, it talks about the pathophysiology of the disease, its diagnostic evaluation and the clinical manifestations of the disease. These are important to know for us to able to assess the patient very well in order for us to give the appropriate nursing interventions for the patient and for us to establish a proper and efficient nursing care plan for the patient. Third, it mentioned the causative microorganisms that cause the disease. This is also important to know especially for the doctors for them to be able to evaluate the disease better and for them give the appropriate medical interventions for their patients. With this, they would be able to provide the proper medications their patients’ need that would react effectively on a certain microorganism. Lastly, it talks about the different kinds of treatment the patient will undergo or the pharmacological therapy that the patient...
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...clients. 2. These social work interventions may became critical components when client became anxious when their elevated blood pressure remained unchanged. 3. health provider availability on an as-needed basis to consult with social workers for clients with dangerously elevated readings, and to re-assess and refer clients who may need emergency medical treatment. It might also be established that this health provider will also visit the agency on a periodic basis to provide follow-up assessment and confirmation of blood pressures, medical advice, and arrangements for medical appointments to clients who have not attended follow-up medical appointments, including referrals arranged by the social worker, or who remain anxious about their blood pressure. 4. social work clients may avoid or delay initial contact with health providers until they become aware that they have a condition that requires medical treatment; this resistance may be related to factors such as illness denial, fear of medical providers, and financial or health insurance concerns. The coupling of blood pressure monitoring within the context of trusting relationships between social workers and clients, in which stressful psychosocial, familial, and illness dynamics of their lives can be integrated and meaningfully addressed, may encourage clients to conduct their own blood pressure screenings, under the direction of social workers. 5. Clients with sustained elevated readings may then be more willing to...
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...This occurs due to other conditions or diseases such as chronic hypertension or a previous myocardial infarction. Clinical findings may include a decreased blood pressure, dizziness, or signs of hypoxia. The body senses this decrease in cardiac output and attempts to maintain homeostasis. Baroreceptors detect inadequate pressure and norepinephrine is released by the adrenal gland. This causes profound vasoconstricion, as well as an increase in inotropy, chronotropy, and dromotropy. This just means that the heart is beating faster and harder due to the catecholamine release. The kidneys also lend a hand by releasing Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, or ACE. ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which is yet another vasoconstrictor. The body will also act to increase volume by inhibiting fluid release. The heart itself produces a peptide called Brain or B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP). All of these compensatory mechanisms acting together cause the cardiovascular system to go into overdrive. Too much vasoconstriction and cardiac force cause increased afterload. Afterload is the pressure in which the heart is pumping against. This is also known as arterial pressure and an increase results in an increase in palpable blood pressure. Since the heart can’t pump blood out efficiently against the increased after load, blood backs up. It first backs into the atria from the left ventricle. It then backs up into the pulmonary vein and then the lungs....
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...alcohol on the couple’s blood pressure? 3. What could the body have done to reverse the decreasing blood pressure, if it had been possible? 4. Identify several procedures that might have helped save the couple if they had been found unconscious but still above water and alive. Essay Put yourself in the role of Detective Garrison. You must now write a report explaining what Renee might have said with regard to the above questions. You should use all of your knowledge about blood pressure and the information from this case to explain each of the following aspects of blood pressure and discuss their relation to the above questions. Describe the role of the nervous system, adrenal glands, kidneys and pituitary as appropriate to the relation of each of the seven factors listed below: 1. Peripheral resistance 2. Heart rate 3. Venous return 4. Stroke volume 5. Cardiac output 6. End systolic and diastolic2. What were the specifi c eff ects of the Lasix, hot water, and alcohol on the couple’s blood pressure? 3. What could the body have done to reverse the decreasing blood pressure, if it had been possible? 4. Identify several procedures that might have helped save the couple if they had been found unconscious but still above water and alive. Essay Put yourself in the role of Detective Garrison. You must now write a report explaining what Renee might have said with regard to the above questions. You should use all of your knowledge about blood pressure and the information...
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...According to Urden, Stacy, and Lough (2006), shock is a life-threatening condition that can lead to ineffective tissue perfusion or may further progress to multiple organ dysfunction and death. The different types of shock include hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, neurogenic shock, and septic shock (Urden, Stacy, & Lough, 2006). This essay will analyze septic shock based on the analysis of a presented case study. To further understand this concept, a review of treatment and management of septic shock as used in the writer’s practice setting will be discussed. The writer chooses the “case study one” as an issue of septic shock because Karen’s vital signs, physiological and behavioral symptoms are clear indicators of septic shock. Septic shock is described as the body’s inflammatory response to overwhelming infection (Urden, Stacy & Lough 2006). It is also classified as existence of an infection with hypotension despite fluid replacement along with the presence of tissue perfusion abnormalities (Urden, Stacy & Lough 2006). According to Bench (2004), the diagnostic criteria for septic shock include a heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute, a respiratory rate greater than 20 beats per minutes, an increased white cell count, hypotension, and temperature greater than 38 degrees or less than 36 degrees. Karen met these criteria with an increased temperature of 41 degrees which is usually an indicator of infection, increased heart rate and respiratory...
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...Health care system is changing, and some of these changes will contribute to raise patient's education and preventive care. In our country an estimated of 26 million adults have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Most of the CKD patients ignore their kidney conditions and the real reasons behind their illness or health problems (Healthy People 2020). The community nurse is focused on preventing complication, in addition to provide and promote healthy lifestyles. Poor control over diabetes and high blood pressure are the main causes that lead to Chronic Kidney Disease (Simons, 2009). It is indispensable to raise the knowledge and information of this disease among families and communities to lower the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stages Renal Disease (ESRD). There are a number of actions that can be made to fight this disease. Simple laboratory tests can help to detect any problems affecting the proper function of the kidneys. Patients suffering from diabetes or hypertension should be equipped with several essential tools to successfully face the disease. Other significant actions are promoting and teaching healthy eating habits, raising awareness on weight control, increasing physical activities, getting informed about their conditions by reading related articles. Sometimes patients do not know about these healthy tips which are essential for the enjoyment a better quality life. Below are some related questions: How to prevent complication in our kidney...
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...Hypertension Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Description As blood flows through arteries it pushes against the inside of the artery walls. The more pressure the blood exerts on the artery walls, the higher the blood pressure will be. The size of small arteries also affects the blood pressure. When the muscular walls of arteries are relaxed, or dilated, the pressure of the blood flowing through them is lower than when the artery walls narrow, or constrict. Blood pressure is highest when the heart beats to pump blood out into the arteries. Between beats, when the heart relaxes to refill with blood, the pressure drops to its lowest point. The blood pressure peak, when the heart pumps, is called systolic pressure. The blood pressure trough, when the heart is filling, is called diastolic pressure. When blood pressure is measured, the systolic pressure is stated first and the diastolic pressure second. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). For example, if a person's systolic pressure is 120 and diastolic pressure is 80, it is written as 120/80 mm Hg. The American Heart Association considers systolic blood pressure less than 140 and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 normal for adults. Hypertension is a significant public health problem. Since it has no symptoms, many people are unaware that they have hypertension. In the United States...
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...Adult Health History and Examination RN Health Assessment and Screening NRS 434-V Health History and Examinati Client/Patienton Initials: LH Sex: F Age: 47 Occupation: Registered Nurse Health History/Review of Systems Neurological System headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, weakness, numbness, tingling, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing etc., medication): Neurologically JP is intact. Alert ox3 clear speech with no hesitations, c/o headaches and dizziness occasionally, upon arising in the am. She admits being “little stressed to family situations” and rotating shifts (DAYS/NIGHTS). Suggested to seek EAP (Employee Assistance Program) at work Head and Neck (pain, headaches, head/neck injury, neck pain, lumps/swelling, surgeries on head/neck, medications: LH has full ROM to neck and head, closes her eyes and able to hold her arms and hands out without swaying. LH takes Motrin 800mg for headaches. Motrin (ibuprofen) is a no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. This medicine may also cause serious effects on the stomach or intestines, including bleeding or perforation (forming of a hole). These conditions can be fatal and can occur without warning while you are taking Motrin, especially in older adults. Nursing Drug Handbook (2013) Eyes (eye pain, blurred vision, history of crossed eyes, redness/swelling in eyes, watering, tearing, injury/surgery to...
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...Communication Style Case Study University of Phoenix HCS/350 Communication Style Case Study In communicating, “The words you choose and the way in which they are delivered to the delegate make the difference between a successful and a frustrating episode in delegation” (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). The three communication styles in the case studies are passive, aggressive, and assertive. An analysis of the first scenario reveals that Robin, RN, used aggressive communication while Rashad, the assistive staff used passive aggressive communication style. In order to accommodate therapeutic communication that would improve the outcome, the scenario would change as follows: Robin, RN sends out an announcement of a staff meeting to discuss roles, responsibilities and expectations of the assistive staff. Robin, RN opens the meeting by stating, “The purpose of the meeting is to review roles, responsibilities and expectations of our assistive staff, please take a copy of the job description so that I am circulating so that we can review together.” Rashad, Assistive personnel stated, “My role is to anticipate the needs of the patients for toileting and personal hygiene right?” Robin, RN, in a inquiring voice, restated, “Rashad, do I hear you asking if your role is just to anticipate the needs of the patients for toileting and personal hygiene?” Rashad, acknowledged “Yes, I need to know what else I may have to do.” Robin, RN, in a calm, but professional and...
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...hypertension: A pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design. Public Health Nursing, 26(3), 240-248. Background and significance Hypertension has many negative impacts on health; hypertension among Chinese American immigrants has not been widely studied. Sedentary behavior is one of the major risk factors for both stroke and hypertension. The significance of identifying culturally specific interventions to decrease sedentary behavior in older Chinese American Immigrants may be useful in reducing hypertension in this population. Research question and hypothesis Two hypotheses are identified hypotheses number one is Stages of change (SOC) and participation in the walking program with/without cultural modification would affect blood pressure. Hypotheses number two is SOC and participation in a walking program with/without cultural modification would affect duration of walking. The walking program is the independent variable, and the effect of BP/duration of walking are the outcomes or dependent variables, the relationship between variable has been established. The conceptual frame work includes, Prochaska and DiClement’s Stages of Change (SOC) the SOC are identified as precontemplation, contemplations, preparation, action and maintenance. Leninger’s Culture Care theory was also utilized, which focuses on values and the expressions with respect to religion, kinship, political interests, economic views, educational experiences and culture values. The intervention design was...
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...Test 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3 Introduction to Statistics / Math 13 − 12777 −Summer 2008 (Prof. Latham) 1. For each of the variables described below, indicate whether the variable is a quantitative or a categorical (qualitative) variable. Also, indicate the level of measurement for the variable: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Make sure your responses are the most specific possible. Indicate your choice for each by circling the appropriate answer. Variable Type of variable Level of measurement 2. Which of the following variables are best thought of as continuous, which discrete? Indicate your choice for each by circling the appropriate answer. (a) The number of personal telephone calls made tomorrow at Bingley Corporation. Discrete Continuous (b) The number of defective compact discs in a batch of discs. Discrete Continuous (a) Distance (in miles) Nominal from home to the Quantitative Ordinal nearest all−night Categorical Interval Ratio convenience store (b) Temperature (in degrees Celsius) Nominal Quantitative Ordinal Categorical Interval Ratio Nominal Quantitative Ordinal Categorical Interval Ratio (c) The time for a participant to identify the color of the letters when the word red is shown in green letters on a computer screen. Discrete Continuous (c) Closing price (in dollars) of a stock (d) The number of tickets purchased by a caller on a Rose Bowl ticket hotline. Discrete Continuous (d) Letter grade (A, B, Nominal C, D, or F) Quantitative Ordinal...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Disorders related to hypertension are one of the most common medical complications during the pregnancy. It is also an important cause of maternal and preinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide (Baha, 1996). The term hypertension in pregnancy describes a broad spectrum of medical conditions, for which the pressure in the blood vessels varies widely. According to studies conducted by WHO (2004), hypertension causes complications in 5 to 7% pregnancies in the United Kingdom. The risks associated with hypertension are high for pregnant women and they are higher risk for complications such as organ failure, cerebrovascular accident, abruptio placentae and disseminated intravascular coagulation (Mark, 1998). Also hypertension creates complications for the featus and it is at the risk or intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity and intrauterine death. Hypertension is also a major cause of maternal, fetal and neo natal morbidity and mortality, not only in developing but in developed countries also,(Pesola (2001). The rate of eclampsia in the UK have fallen recently, hypertension during the pregnancy remains one of the main causes of maternal death. According to a study conducted by NICE one third of maternal morbidity was caused as a result of hypertensive conditions. Hypertensive disorders also carry a risk for the baby. In the most recent UK perinatal mortality report, 1 in 20 (5%) stillbirths in infants without congenital abnormality occurred...
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