...considering the different theories of motivation, describe your personal motivation for attending college. How much of your motivation is extrinsic, intrinsic, and neutral? From what you have read, how might you change your motivation? Which motivational theory applies most to your situation? Explain why. A lot of my motivation would have to be extrinsic. I am being motivated by the rewards after I finish my degree. My personal motivation leans on extrinsic. I want to be able to provide for my family and still have enough left over for myself. I want things, and I definitely need things. The wants are the basic definition of extrinsic motivation. The extrinsic motivation allows for me to see the end result. All rewards, no punishment. I will be able to say that I accomplished something I never though I would be able to. Some of my motivation does come from intrinsic motivation, though. I decided on this degree for enjoyment reasons, too. I really like business and I enjoy all the learning that comes along with it. There is always change and problem solving and my biggest assest is my problem solving! 2. Describe two specific emotions you have experienced, one pleasant and one unpleasant. Select two theories of emotion and evaluate these emotions based on those theories. Which emotion best accounts for your emotional experiences? Why? A pleasant emotion I have experienced is excitement. I believe excitement has traits of the cognitive theory. Feeling excited can come...
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...Explain and defend your preferred theory of happiness In this paper I am going to explain and defend my preferred theories of happiness. I will defend the externalist versions, which are the externalist life satisfaction theory and the externalist desire fulfilment theory. In the first section I will describe the theories. In the second section I will argue that neither affective nor objective theories of happiness are correct. Finally in the third section I will argue that the externalist satisfaction theory is the best version of a desire-based theory of happiness. I will not mention all of the theories, but rather focus on the ones I find the most interesting. Happiness is constituted by desire-fulfilment. It is not only about single desires to be fulfilled, but also about the life-satisfaction as a whole. It is how your life is going on the whole, and how it is satisfying to you. It is not enough only to believe that your life is satisfying, but you must actually be satisfied. We set our own standards for ourselves, which leads to desires that we want to be fulfilled. I believe that Richard Nozick was right to say that a life and self that happiness is a fitting response to, is what we want. We also need to give our life that response. We must correctly believe that out desires are being fulfilled and that this will measure up to our own standards that we set for ourselves. It is not sufficient to be in a psychological state, because the externalists care about more...
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...seems to have been what was required of anyone wanting to be a nurse. Times have been changing over the last 50 years and that change is accelerating. Anyone wanting to become a nurse will need to be medically knowledgeable and more of a clinician than ever before. Yet it is not as though nursing theory has only recently come into existence this century. Real theorists have been hard at work developing the theoretical framework for nursing practice for some time. For whatever reason, one desires to become a nurse, we must all start at the beginning...
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...Theories of personality is a tough inferior that covers a distant clothing of concepts. Before seizure this course, I fell I had a shapely understanding of personality theories that I had a wandering intention of Freud's theory, I had heard around the Hierarchy of needs, I knew about Ivan Pavlov and Pavlov's dog, and I had even taken the Myers-Briggs proof. Much to my hold, my superior knowledge hardly scratched the peripheral of all of the psychological muse diligence to the development of personalities and behaviors. Throughout the method, many separate individuality theories were scatter. My prior erudition of Freud's theory entailed knowledge of the id, ego, and superego as well as the ponder of the unaware. I learned that his supposition is called psychoanalysis and that there were many other theorists that expanded upon his concepts. Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson all made significant contributions to psychoanalytic hypothesis. Horney's theory converge on ten neurotic needs that can be conglomerate into three coping strategies: compliance, intrusion, and withdrawal (Boeree, 2006). These three coping strategies aid the person to cope with the apprehension that is created by a neurotic need. Adler postulated an individual motivating force behind all of our manners and experiences that her termed “striving for perfection” (Boeree, 2006). This covers the desire we all have to reach our possibility. Jung provided a theory that encompasses both a teleological...
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...A person’s lifespan is from the moment of conception through death. Lifespan development is the different stages a person passes through as he or she develops. Perspective of lifespan development understands the changes that occur in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a basis of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that occurs over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they influence how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the influences of a person life is nature and nurture. What is Lifespan Development A person’s lifespan begins as a fetus and as it develops and grows for nine months in the womb becoming a person either male or female will continue through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science seeking to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The changes a person goes through as he or she grows can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but normally they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To define lifespan development is also to mention that humans in their lifetime...
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...Saying “I do” to your mate the right way Everyone eventually meets the man or woman of their dreams. Whether it’s online or in your local grocery store, everyone is bound to meet their perfect match. According to Harville Hendrix, the author of the article The Mystery of Attraction, he mentions that there are three theories that he has noticed or have looked more into and he also has his own theory. The three theories that he mentions are as follows: biological theory, exchange theory, and the persona theory. When it comes to his own theory, Hendrix states that of the conscious theory. Although Hendrix provides in depth detail of the three theories, I do not agree in those theories and therefore believe in Hendrix’ own theory. The first theory that Hendrix describes is that of the biological theory, which means that women select men who are that of “alpha” qualities. They choose men who will provide for their future family or supply themselves with nourishment. Society makes men feel that they have all the weight on their shoulders and men are made to fulfill the manly duties. When I look for certain men, I choose men that have an attractive personality. Some people just choose the looks, but I focus more on the way he portrays himself in front of me and other people. My dating experience has been bumpy and slow these past years. I have only had one boyfriend and have learned nothing. As everyone always says that you always find your soul mate in college, I believe...
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...Why do our minds work the way that they do? Many theories have been developed in an attempt to answer this question. Many studies have also been conducted to investigate, prove and disprove these said theories. The information gained from these investigations into the inner workings of the human mind, have assisted in the construction of more effective methods for educating children and different methods for treating issues such as fears (Gonzalez-DeHass, 2012). In this essay, I will focus on two developmental theories that have proven to be significant to my life, namely, these are Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory (1928) and Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (1977). The former manifested in relation to my fear of spiders while the latter correlates to my humorous personality. Both of these theories will be discussed in further detail and applied to myself below. The first developmental theory I will discuss is Ivan Pavlov’s Classical conditioning theory. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who created an artificial exterior stomach pouch for dogs which he used to conduct research on their digestive systems (Gonzalez-DeHass, 2012). Classical Conditioning Theory, or Pavlovian conditioning (1928), was an accidental discovery that Pavlov made in his observations while working with these dogs. He noticed that the dogs would begin to salivate in the presence of the lab technician who fed them even when there was no food present (McLeod, 2013). Further experimentation...
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...Leadership Theories Many different people attempt to take on the role of a leader but not many have the leadership skills needed to be a successful leader. Some have a natural talent of being leaders those are the ones you say were born to lead. Others are molded into leaders. Three motivational theories I chose to do research on are: Trait Theories Trait theories are based on the past and present characteristics of leaders. Trait theories help to examine the effectiveness of leadership skills helping to predict the success of a leader based on their known traits. Successful leaders definitely have interests, abilities, and personality traits that are different from those of the less effective leaders. Through many researches conducted in the last three decades of the 20th century, a set of core traits of successful leaders have been identified.("Trait Theory of Leadership" 2008-2012) Successful leaders show traits such as self confidence, honesty, integrity, charisma, knowledge of the business and high ambition. Being a leader does take a special skill set that not everyone posses. Leaders gain the respect of others and have that ability to influence others in doing as they communicate. A leader will set a path for his constituents and make sure that they stick to that path and successfully accomplish their mission. Countries such as the Middle East and Africa where men are the dominant leaders are examples of the trait theory. Behavioral Theories Unlike trait...
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...research project, I am investigating the abstract world of dreams and the theories behind those dreams. Why we dream what we dream, and how, and where dreams come from. There have been many different theories on where dreams come from and how to interpret the dreams of different people. I will be exploring the similarities and differences of those theories along with speculating which theories are the most accurate, taking into consideration recent research on the psychology of dreams and dream interpretation. My main focus will be the world-renowned psychologist, Sigmund Freud. His theories on dreams and the interpretation of dreams are the most widely known and socially accepted theories, but are those theories the most accurate? That is what my research paper will be discussing and examining. This paper will be objective, simply providing the facts about dreams and the different theories regarding dreams and the interpretation of them. I will go in depth with why we dream what we dream, some of the most common dreams that people have, and what the most popular theories are behind the psychology of dreams. My purpose of this paper is to inform my audience of the theories behind dreams and where they come from. I will provide information on the different interpretations of common dreams, the history of dreams, and the basics of the sleeping cycle. My readers are my class peers as well as my instructor. I think that many people know the basics of how we sleep but I think that the...
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...psychoanalysis theories of Freud, Jung and Adler are similar in general but each holds their own unique differences in their personal unique way. Throughout this paper, I will first define each psychoanalyst characteristics, describe the eight stages of Freud’s theory, and explain the characteristics of personality using these stages. I will also provide three real life scenarios utilizing Freud’s defense mechanisms. . Everything on this earth is comprised of different, biological make up, situations, environments, evolution and timing on earth. Each individual person’s personality is comprised and developed based on those same factors. We have read about three very important men that have given their own psychoanalytical theories on how personalities are developed and come to be. These men are Freud, Jung and Adler. This paper will explain to you my understanding and opinions and on their theories. Freud’s theory describes ID, Ego, and The Superego. In the Theory and Practice of Counseling & Psychotherapy (7th deterministic, and evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first six years of life. I don’t want to take away from Freud’s work, but I have a hard time believing that everything before age six determines the people that we grow up to be or that everything is instinct. I agree that the Ego mediates between instincts and environment. I also agree that The Superego or the moral code; traditional values affect us as well. My problem with the ID and the his theory about what...
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...discuss with anyone. There are so many theories that people have on human development and it always makes for interesting conversations. In this paper, I will put focus on the psychoanalytic theory, the stages of psychosocial development theory, and the stages of faith theory. I will focus on the three theories because I feel that they are extremely interesting to the growth and development of humans. To be more specific, I want to focus on exactly what the theories are and how they are important and/or related to the human growth and development. As well, I want to focus on at least on theorist who is known specifically for the theory I focus on. I also want to identify the aspects of the life span from that theory’s perspective. Last, but definitely not least, I want to discuss in detail how the heredity and the environment have influence on human development. By the end of the paper, you as the reader, should have a better understanding of the three theories of my choosing and how human development works. Psychoanalytical Theory The first theory related to human growth and development that I want to focus on is the psychoanalytical theory. With this specific theory, the personality organization and the development of the personality dynamics is he focus. Probably the most influential theorist of the psychoanalytical theory is Sigmund Freud. He first laid out the psychoanalytical theory in the nineteenth century but there have been a plethora of refinements since then...
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...Lonnie McCullough Personal Model of Helping This paper will discuss my personal model of helping that I have developed so far in my educational career so far. This paper will cover how and why I have formed this viewpoint, my view of helping, the relationship between the client and participant, techniques or approaches to change, the kinds of problems that can be addressed with my model, and multicultural issues. The limitations and strengths of the model and there populations this model can help will also be addressed in this paper. The personal model of helping that I have developed involves various theories. My model of helping involves the Adlerian theory, existential theory, person-centered theory, gestalt theory, reality therapy, cognitive behavior theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and rational-emotive theory. Adlerian theory includes the importance of birth order, takes into consideration the individual’s life style, their social interest, and their personality as it pertains to inferiority and superiority. The goal of the Adlerian theory is to increase social interest, change negative behaviors that are self-destructive, and help increase problem solving skills. In therapy sessions the family dynamics are observed. Often times the family unit assigns the roles the individual plays within the family based on birth order. The eldest child may have most of the responsibility placed on them because they are the eldest and are expected to take a leadership...
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...Jabed Alam w1537441 Seminar Teacher: Kamala Balu In your opinion which two motivation theories would be most usefully integrated into a model of motivation for an organisation looking to motivate and retain new graduates early in their careers. You must clearly justify the choice of theories chosen for this occupational group. Today this essay will be analysing and expressing two motivational theories. The theories will be concluded and conducted in the thesis of retaining and maintaining new graduates within their early stages of the working environment. The organisation that has been chosen to be based upon within this essay is Zara, the clothing company. After interpreting the essay question I have decided that the two controversial theories I will be assessing is Maslow’s theory that is constructed upon the hierarchy of needs as well as Fredrick Taylor and the application of scientific management and the motivational influence of money. I will be engaging and implementing my own opinion as to why I feel these theories are justifiable for the chosen occupational group, along with providing key research, highlighting benefits and drawbacks of these theories. Initially my essay will begin with the theory hypothesised by the man known as Abraham Maslow. I will briefly describe the main factors that are included within Maslow’s theory. Maslow refers to a pyramid of hierarchy that shows the basics needs that a worker requires in order to successfully be motivated....
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...this paper we will analyze one of my habits, how, who, and where it was developed. Also we will discuss if I continue the habit, and have I attempted to break the habit. Using behavioral personality theory and components of social/cognitive theory, I will explain why I have this habit and why the habit was formed. We will also develop a plan applying operant conditioning to change my habit and discuss which theory best explains my personality, behavioral or social/cognitive theory. First we will start by explaining both theories. The social cognitive theory explains that behavior is learned by watching others do things, using the school of thought that since others are doing this behavior, one should also do this behavior to be like their peers, learning that behavior by witnessing the actual act. One example of this would be a sister and brother are playing with a new toy that requires a certain pattern of movement like a Slip N’ Slide. The first sibling runs and slides down the Slip N’ Slide on their stomach. The 2nd sibling observes the act, not wanting to be out done by sibling #1, then carries out the act themselves. Social cognitive theory can be seen in advertising campaigns and peer pressure situations. It is also useful in the treatment of psychological disorders including phobias ("Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia", 2014). The behavioral theory, as relative to my habit, suggests habits are formed (or broken) with the negative and positive reward approach...
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...are many different theories out there on the topic of knowledge and what it is. These theories fall under two different categories; rationalism and empiricism. When asked which theory I feel answers the question of what knowledge is, I find that I cannot commit to just one. Rather I feel that a combination of Descartes and Locke’s theory of knowledge fits with my own beliefs. Since I cannot commit to strictly one theory I am on the fence about it, but for good reason. Parts of Descartes’s and Locke’s theories fit but not either of them completely. That being said my beliefs seem to fit in with dualism more completely than anything else. Dualism is the theory that the mind and body are separate entities (Palmer 442), which leans more towards the rationalism of Descartes. I believe in this idea that the mind and body are indeed two separate entities because there is so much that is unknown about consciousness in general. I feel that there is something much more to our minds and what it is truly capable of than we will ever know. I also think that the difference or the connection between mind and body is main problem with consciousness and because of this, the question of knowledge and what it means to know anything with certainty is so heavily debated. This is why I cannot fully commit to one theory of knowledge completely; bits of each theory, specifically Descartes and Locke’s theories, make sense when combined then either in particular. Descartes’s theory of knowledge goes...
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