... Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper * Stacey Simmons * NUR/513 * February 3, 2014 Rebecca Gesler Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper The historical development of nursing science began with Florence Nightingale’s influential Notes on Nursing. The science of nursing has grown and developed into an academically sound and proven study of nursing care. In the 150 years following Florence Nightingale’s innovative approach to nursing care, many influential nursing theorists have emerged. This paper will discuss the Florence Nightingale, the pioneer theorists from the 1950’s, the transitional theorists from the 1960’s, and the research theorists from the 1990’s. The Historical Development of Nursing Science and Theory Nursing science and theory began with Florence Nightengale’s Notes on Nursing. Florence Nightingale is remembered for building the foundations of modern nursing establishing nursing as a profession. “Her book, Notes on Nursing (Nightingale 1859) first published in 1859, was the first nursing text book. She wrote the first modern nursing curriculum for St Thomas's Hospital, London when she instituted nurse education there in 1860 and followed these with a number of other books, reports and pamphlets. (Stanley, D., 2007). However, it would be decades before her insights, observations and educational model would be acknowledged as the first nursing theory. In the 1950’s Columbia...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the...
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...Perspective Essay There are many nursing theorist that have influenced the development of nursing research. Nursing Theorist have provided the interrelated frameworks of ideas which focus on nursing practice. Through clinical application and information, nursing science adds relevance to the care of patients in health and disease. Nursing theories provide guidance to researchers and educate nurses (Keefe, 2011) to look at different approaches in caring for their patients. This paper will show how one theorist most influenced the development of nursing research. The 1990's was the decade for research and expanded nursing theory. This period elevated the use of evidence-based and best practices in nursing (George, 2011). Transcultural Nursing was introduced in 1992 by Madeline Leininger. Leininger’s theory says that the goal of nursing care is to” provide care congruent with cultural values, beliefs, and practices’ (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). The cultural and sociocultural factors of each person affects how they take on factors, meanings, and expressions of health and caring systems. This theory has wide applicability in different settings. The interest is focused on nurses becoming culturally competent so they can provide appropriate nursing care to a growing culturally/ethnically diverse patient population. Nursing paradigms show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing. Leininger is the proponent of Transcultural Nursing and Human Care Theory. According...
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...Nursing Theory Historical Timeline Nursing theory has changed greatly over the years. That change occurred because of advancement in education and technology, which advanced nursing theories. These theories are what shapes the clinical practice and critical thinking process of nurses today. All of the theories available today started with one woman – Florence Nightingale. 1859 – Florence Nightingale established the first nursing theory which provides the basis of nursing today. Nightingale identified nursing as an art and a science. According to Selanders (2010), “Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art).” 1943 – Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs. This theory focuses on people’s basic need to survive as the foundation. Each level above that deals with the other essential elements of survival. Using this theory in nursing provides health care workers with the ability to prioritize patient care needs (Preceden, 2014). 1950’s – In this decade, the need for nursing administrators, faculty members, and graduate level educated nurses was acknowledged. In 1952, a nurse theorist named Peplau, launched the first post baccalaureate nursing program and also developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations. This theory explored the relationship between nurse and patient. Theorists from this decade based their knowledge...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Bianca Fleming NUR/513 October 8, 2013 Georgia Swank According to George (2011), Nursing science is the substantive, abstract knowledge describing nursing’s unique phenomenon of concern, the integral nature of unitary human beings and their environments (Barrett, 1997, p. 12). Nursing science represents a compilation of theories that began with Florence Nightingale. They provide structure for nursing practice and research, and continue to evolve to meet the needs of the nursing profession. Cody (1997) described nursing science as the essence of nursing as a scholarly discipline (p. 12). In this paper, a timeline of the historic development of nursing science will explain the relationship between nursing science and the profession, and influences of other disciplines. The first nursing theory on manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient was authored by Florence Nightingale in 1859. Unbeknownst to Nightingale, Notes on Nursing (1859), guided nursing practice and continues to do so today even though she never even meant it to be a theory. Then in the 1950s Columbia University’s Teachers College developed graduate level programs to educate nurses for administrative and faculty positions. According to George (2011), “The first theoretical conceptualizations of nursing science came from graduates of these programs.” The graduates, known as theorists, include Peplau, Henderson, Hall, and Abdellah. Their...
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...Sciences Division of Nursing RN-BSN Option [pic] NURSING 2312 Dynamics of Professional Nursing FACULTY: Steven K. Pierce RN, MSN, APRN, CNE Winston-Salem State University The School of Health Sciences Division of Nursing RN-BSN Option Course Number: Nursing 2312 Course Title: Dynamics of Professional Nursing Placement: Level II Credit Hours: 3 Semester Hours Pre-requisites: Completion of General Studies requirements and nursing support courses or special permission. Faculty: Course Description: This course is designed to introduce the registered nurse student to concepts inherent in baccalaureate nursing education. The philosophy, conceptual framework, program purpose and objectives will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on the nursing process, as well as knowledge and skills that bridge prior learning experiences with current professional nursing practice. Course Objectives: 1. Describe the characteristics of professional nursing practice. 2. Interpret the relationship of the major concepts and theories threaded throughout the nursing curriculum to professional nursing practice. 3. Relate to professional nursing practice philosophical beliefs about man, environment and health. 4. Evaluate how nursing theory guides nursing practice. 5. Analyze how the professional nurse utilizes the nursing process to maximize...
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...APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: THE SELF-CARE MODEL OF DOROTHEA OREM Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Model of Nursing to clinical nurse practice. The central thesis of the paper is that Orem’s theory has strong utility for application to modern day clinical practice and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem’s theory. The paper begins with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non-nursing theory that supports one or more of Orem’s self-care notions. The next section of the paper presents a historical overview of the evolution of Orem’s theory, a delineation of the concepts central to the metaparadigm, and an exploration of the theory’s usefulness in education and research. The final section of the paper applies the theory to a particular case. A model of the theory is presented in Appendix A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2001) state that conceptual or theoretical models of nurse practice are pivotal to the field, providing the profession with a guide to patient care and with a general frame of reference that connects the structural environment to the patters of behavior and relationships within the organization. The Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing (Orem, Taylor & McLaughlin, 2003) is one such model. According...
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...Introduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is therefore a deliberate, intellectual activity by which the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner also known as the nursing process (Walker & Avant, 2011). Historical Timeline Theories are concepts that have been investigated and developed into theory to guide and explain nursing practice. Florence Nightingale was known as the pioneer of nursing theory, the first nursing theory that focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient which has directed nursing practice for 140 years (George, 20011). Nightingale’s theory is based upon the belief that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing including ventilation, warming, health of houses , taking food, bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Coral R Williams NUR/513 September 30, 2013 Willie Goodwin Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The purpose of this document is to explain the historic development of nursing science by 1) citing specific years, theories, theorists, and events in the history of nursing, 2) explaining the relationship between science and the profession, and 3) reviewing the influences on nursing science of other disciplines such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, social services, and psychology. History of Nursing In the 18th and 19th century modern nursing began to take shape. The Catholic’s recruited congregation females committed to the care of the sick within religious group. The Lutherans followed and trained women to facilitate care to the unhealthy, and in 1863 the Red Cross Society, founded in Geneva, Switzerland, devoted a program goal of educating nurses to care for the wounded during the war (s). This program was a success and therefore was the beginning of the formal education process for professional nursing. These first program trained nurses were known as civil nurses there responsibility was to provide care to soldiers (Potter, 2009). Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) began her career in nursing after completing an educational program in Kaiserwerth, Germany at the age of 31. During this time war and disease was devastating the British Army. She was called upon by the government and volunteered her services...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Science Tracy Thompson University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Mary Nicks December 07, 2012 Historical Development of Nursing Science The historical development of nursing may be traced back to Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known as the first nurse theorist, (George, 2011). Nightingale’s theory focused “on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient,” (George, 2011, p. 9). Nightingale’s theory or philosophy differentiated nurses from household servants, started the difference between nursing and medicine, and created the concern that nurses be involved with the health and wellness of the patient, (Alligood, 2010). Nightingale was also one of the first theorists to treat the patient as a whole being, (Alligood, 2010). “Nightingale believed nursing to be a spiritual calling,” (Alligood, 2010, p. 99). Many years of trials and tribulations have been encountered in nursing before it became a profession. There are many theories and theorists that have led to nursing to the profession it is today. Following is a timeline of some of the more important theorists’ and their theories and philosophies. 1952 Hildegard Peplau – “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing,” ("Theory of Interpersonal Relationships...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing as a profession has evolved dramatically over the last 150 years. From Florence Nightingale to current theorists, nursing has entered a new era. Theories are a collaboration of philosophies, other healthcare disciplines or fields, religious beliefs, and most importantly documented personal or professional experiences. The advancement of practice, pharmaceuticals, and technology have transformed nursing into a more complicated science. Nurses are expected to do more with fewer resources and the patient-centered care vanishes in the mix, but patient advocacy is imperative to nursing. As stated by Selanders and Crane (2012) “modern nursing is complex, ever changing, and multi-focused. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, however, the goal of nursing has remained unchanged, namely to provide a safe and caring environment that promotes patient health and well-being. Effective use of an interpersonal tool, such as advocacy, enhance the care-giving environment.” This paper will focus on the nursing theorists that have continued to emphasize advocacy through effective communication and interpersonal relationships. Florence Nightingale-Environment Theory Known as the founder of modern nursing, Nightingale is the theorist that most nurses can readily recall. Her desire to treat patients with a holistic approach has been influential to nursing advancing from an art to a science. Her theories have been studied and...
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...Nursing Theory Assignment Clifton Reed Mississippi University for Women NU 459 Dr. Linda Mills January 25, 2016 Nursing Theorist Shape Modern Nursing Every industry that has been able to survive and build upon its earlier growth has been able to do so because of research, theory, or evidenced-based practice. This statement cannot be more true about the wonderful world of nursing. The world of healthcare continues to change. The airline industry and nuclear power industry have prided themselves on finding ways to standardize processes and decrease accidents and improve employee and public safety. The automotive industry was charged with producing more energy-efficient vehicles. In nursing the goal is to utilize theory and evidenced-based practice to improve the quality of life of communities and people that entrust their care to nurses. Nursing has been forever indebted to many theorists of the modern nursing era. Two notorious individuals that linger in one’s mind are Sister Callista Roy and Madeleine Leininger. These two ladies have helped to transform nursing because of their contributions to evidenced-based practice, nursing research, and nursing theory. Nurses today have a tremendous amount of theory and history to reflect upon. This paper will focus on Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing and Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing states that one is at...
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...Contemporary Nursing Theories NUR513/Theoretical Foundation of Practice June 4, 2012 Lisa Ousley Contemporary Nursing Theories Introduction Nursing is a profession that employs the use of the combination of physical science, social science, nursing theory, and technology in the provision of care to others (Sigma Theta Tau International). Nursing theories serve as the groundwork for the practice of the profession. It guides every nurse on how to do things effectively and competently. This paper endeavors to give emphasis on contemporary nursing theories specifically focusing on a variety of aspects, such as definitions, concept statements, metaparadigms, philosophies, and conceptual models. Moreover, this paper also aims to tackle one particular nursing theory in relation to its application in practice. Contemporary Nursing Theories Early nursing theorists aimed in defining what is nursing; conversely, contemporary theorists discussed the metaparadigm concepts in more depth, gave high regard to nursing actions in particular, and attempted to provide the rationale about when is nursing necessary (Daniels, 2004). The works of contemporary theorists like Myra Levine, Dorothea Orem, and Sister Callista Roy as highlighted by Daniels (2004), serve as the theoretical basis for a variety of interventions in current nursing practice. Core Concepts In the theories formulated by Sister Callista Roy, which is known as the adaptation theory and in the -self-care theory by...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. This paper will examine each by comparing and contrasting on how each looks at caring. Leininger Madeline Leininger developed her first theories in the mid-1950s. Her main theory is transcultural nursing and caring theory. This theory was formed by an inadequate knowledge of cultural factors that represented a missing link to providing quality nursing care. Leininger believed that caring is universally present in all cultures (Nelson, 2006). Leininger’s definition of caring for nursing is “the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing’ It is critical to human growth, development and survival and has helped human beings through cultural evolution” (Cohen, 1991). Leininger’s transcultural theory of nursing her assumption human caring is a universal expression. However, patterns vary among different cultures. Caring has multiple dimensions of biophysical, psychological, cultural...
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...times. Jean Watson formed the “caring theory” to convey the significance and emphasize nursing as a diverse health profession. Using the Jean Watson’s caring theory enables nurses to maintain their perspective on caring for patients when overwhelmed with increased acuity, responsibility and workload. With the increase of patients and their needs, nurses often replace the caring attitude with an attitude of arrogance and hurried tasks, leaving patients and family members with belief that nurses believe they are here just to perform a job. By applying the Watson caring theory in caring for patients, “it allows nurses to practice the art of caring, to provide compassion to ease patients’ and families’ suffering, and to promote their healing and dignity but it can also contribute to expand the nurse’s own actualization” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Watson believes it is crucial that nurses apply caring values to their practice because it is essentially a byproduct in discovering the meaning of the nursing profession (Theory of Human Caring, n.d.). The foundation of this paper is to expound on the caring theory Jean Watson designed “to bring meaning and focus to nursing as a distinct health profession” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Description of the Theorist In the 1940’s, Jean Watson was born in West Virginia in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains. In 1961, graduated from the Lewis Gale School of Nursing, furthering her career at the University of Colorado in Boulder in 1964, received a bachelor’s...
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