...Twins Photo: Twins A Thing or Two About Twins They have the same piercing eyes. The same color hair. One may be shy, while the other loves meeting new people. Discovering why identical twins differ—despite having the same DNA—could reveal a great deal about all of us. By Peter Miller Photograph by Martin Schoeller Every summer, on the first weekend in August, thousands of twins converge on Twinsburg, Ohio, a small town southeast of Cleveland named by identical twin brothers nearly two centuries ago. They come, two by two, for the Twins Days Festival, a three-day marathon of picnics, talent shows, and look-alike contests that has grown into one of the world's largest gatherings of twins. Dave and Don Wolf of Fenton, Michigan, have been coming to the festival for years. Like most twins who attend, they enjoy spending time with each other. In fact, during the past 18 years, the 53-year-old truckers, whose identical beards reach down to their chests, have driven more than three million miles together, hauling everything from diapers to canned soup from places like Seattle, Washington, to Camden, New Jersey. While one sits at the wheel of their diesel Freightliner, the other snoozes in the bunk behind him. They listen to the same country gospel stations on satellite radio, share the same Tea Party gripes about big government, and munch on the same road diet of pepperoni, apples, and mild cheddar cheese. On their days off they go hunting or fishing together. It's a way...
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...There are two different types of twins: Dizygotic= fraternal or non-identical Monozygotic= identical Fraternal twins happen when two separate eggs are released at a single ovulation and are fertilized by two different sperm. These two fertilized eggs then implant independently in the uterus. Fraternal twins share the same type of genetic relationship as non-twin siblings. These are also the most common form of twins; a reason for having fraternal twins is the age of the mother at conception. The chance of fraternal twins is more prevalent in women 35 years of age and older. And yet another growing cause of fraternal twins is the use of fertility treatments. Identical twins develop when one egg is fertilized by a single sperm and during the first two weeks after conception, the developing embryo splits into two. As a result, two, genetically identical babies develop. The exact reason why identical twins happen is still a mystery. Over the years there has been a lot of research and time invested into finding out why some zygotes split into two and others don’t. But the truth is we still do not know why. In reality, the splitting of one fertilised egg is a malformation of the natural processes of conception. Twins are very valuable to scientific research because they allow researchers to study the relative importance of environmental and genetic influences on people. In other words, how much of someone's personality and appearance is based on their environment and how...
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...Research Paper: Does Twin Language as child effect language later Chloe Wilborn B00745993 October 4, 2013 Introduction To me personally Twins is an interesting topic because I have a twin sister. Although we are not identical, we are so much alike. Language and communication are also important because they are the foundation of a society. A society must have credible and solid language. I wanted to research the communication between twins, because I wanted to know if being so close to one person effected their communications with others. Does the bond that twins have restrict them from closely communicating with someone that is not their twin? It’s suggested that growing up all twins have a twin language that they use to only talk to one another and no one else can understand it. I also wanted to know if that language between the twins ultimately would cause problems in language later for them. My sister and I did have a twin language and I also wanted to know if that could have had an effect on us. Article Summaries Thorpe, K. (2006). Twin children's language development. Early Human Development, 82(6), 387-395. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.03.012 The purpose of this experiment was to study the delay in language in comparison between twins and single born children. On average, twins have scored lower than single born children on range of tests of verbal understanding. This was especially true in male twins though. Thorpe (2006) used twins from 20 months to 11 years...
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...Reproductive System worksheet Name: Michael Duncan Before answering the questions below, log in to ADAM and review the following Clinical Animations about the Reproductive System a. Conception b. Fetal Development c. Formation of twins d. vasectomy Next, view the clinical illustration a. Ectopic Pregnancy Answer the following questions 1. How is a vasectomy performed? Be sure to cite the specific anatomical structures involved. How does this prevent pregnancy? |A vasectomy is procedure used to prevent a man from ejaculating sperm. There are two methods for performing this procedure. The | |conventional vasectomy uses one or more small incisions in the scrotum used to access the vas deferens. They take a small section | |out of both vas deferens and either tie or carterize the ends then stitch the cuts. The second way is called no-scalpel vasectomy | |where a small hole is punctured in the scrotum in which the vas deferens is pulled out and severed then the vas deferens are tied | |or catrtarized. No stitches are required since the holes are so small. The man will still function normally with discharge during | |orgasm just no sperm will be ejaculated. | 2. Where does fertilization take place? | | |Fertilization...
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... Siamese twins are twins that bodies are attached together at birth. There are more than twelve types of Siamese twins, depending on where the twins are attached. The twins may have all the organs and other structures they need, or only the vital organs such as their heart. Each twin need to be treated to have an independent healthy life. In addition, Separation is extremely risky and threatening the twins’ life, especially if they are sharing a vital organ, because in many cases, the surgeries end the life of one or both the twins. • Introduction Siamese twins are identical twins born with their bodies at some points and having varying degrees of residual duplication, this is a result of the incomplete...
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...Essay plan: ‘Discuss the biological approach to psychopathology’. PARAGRAPH 1- A01: Intro- explain the biological approach including key assumptions. • Biological approach regards abnormality as an illness or disease. • Assumes all mental disorders are related to some change in the body. • Mental disorders are related to the physical structure and functioning of the brain. • Seen people with psychological abnormality as ‘patients’ who are ‘ill’ and require ‘treatment’ to ‘cure’ them of disease. • Four possible factors that cause abnmormality: 1. Genetic Factors 2. Biochemistry 3. Infection 4. Brain Damage PARAGRAPH 2- AO1/2: Explain one cause of abnormality according to the biological approach and give supporting evidence. Brain damage. • Suggests that mental illnesses are caused by abnormal brain structure due to genes, development, illness or trauma. • Damage to the structure of the brain can lead to abnormal behaviour. • Once brain damage has caused mental illness there is little to be done to stop it. Examples • Alzheimer- a type of dementia caused by the malformation and loss of cells in a number of areas of the nervous system. • Alcohol and drugs can also damage the brain, which may result in korsakoffs syndrome – prefound impairment of memory most commonly caused by alcohol. Evidence. • Lawrie showed that an average schizophrenic lateral ventricle were 40% bigger than controls. This suggests that brain damage has caused schizophrenia. PARAGRAPH...
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...(Sternberg & Kaufman, 2001). The conceptualization of intelligence is still not set for certain as there are many different measures of intelligence. There is no standard measurement for intelligence and so there is no universal agreement of what intelligence actually is either (Plomin & McClearn, 1993). The research of intelligence found many different factors that determine the intelligence of an individual. The role of biology and genetic inheritance in the determination of intelligence is quite crucial. The genetic inheritance can be found out through how the child inherits the intelligence of the parent through IQ tests When mentioning the biology of intelligence, apart from the genetic inheritance that has to be researched through twin studies and adoption studies, hormones and neurotransmitters also has to be looked into in order to find out the biology of intelligence. The amount of nutrients that a child receives inside the uterus and after birth seems to affect the intelligence of a child. Breastfeeding especially, has been a topic of interest as there are some pieces of research that suggests breastfeeding is able to affect intelligence. Stress and drug exposure have also been key to how it can affect intelligence...
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...It could be exciting to There are different types of twins that occur in not only to humans but to a variety of different types of mammals, they are either dizygotic or monozygotic. In the case of conjoined twins, they are monozygotic, or identical, and the highest incident is in humans (Kaufman, 2004). It occurs two weeks after fertilization or at the primitive streak stage where the twins get attached to one another. Conjoined twins have a common placenta, an amniotic as well as chorionic sac (National Library of Medicine, 2006). The attachment could happen in different parts of the body and the twins could share several organs. Having conjoined twins is uncommon and happens in one in 200,000 births; furthermore, their survival rate ranges...
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...Turner By Lowri Turner, Friday January 10, 2003 The Guardian 5 I am a clone. Even writing that feels odd. I might as well say I am a tomato, or a VW Beetle, or a leather three-piece suite with free footstool from DFS for all the resonance the word "clone" has for me. I don't feel like a clone. I don't think I look like a clone. And yet, strictly speaking, I am one. I am an identical twin. I am an exact genetic copy of someone else, or they are a copy of me, depending on your point of view. As the younger twin - my sister Catrin and I were born by 10 Caesarean, so it was more of a queueing system and I was at the back - I tend to accept that it is I who am the copy and my sister who is the original. But then, when you've spent your childhood being given a dead arm for daring to corral Sindy's pony for exclusive personal use, you tend to acquiesce easily to sibling bullying. When you are part of a multiple birth - I have another non-identical triplet sister to confuse 15 matters further - you are used to being a curiosity. As a child, people stared, teachers got confused and my identical sister and I were asked to be bridesmaids a lot. During the mid-70s, when big old-fashioned cinemas had a habit of converting to three smaller screens, my two sisters and I had a lucrative sideline touring north London posing on a three-wheeled bicycle for local papers. As an adult, twindom elicits more peculiar reactions. I have lost count of the number of 20 men who have...
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...NATURE VS NURTURE All individuals are different, even identical twins. It can sometimes be difficult to decide whether characteristics of living things are determined by genetic information or environmental factors or both. Tongue rolling is obviously inherited, but what about intelligence, musical ability or sporting excellence? Let’s look at some evidence: Bob is an excellent football player. His mother says that this is a gift he was born with. His father argues that he is skilled because he trains hard. Q1 What do you think controls his sporting ability? J.S Bach was a brilliant German composer and organist who came from a large musical family. His father taught him to play the violin and viola. His uncle was a famous organist. When Bach was left as an orphan, he went to live with his uncle and aunt. Bach had 20 children altogether (music was not all he was good at!). Three of his children grew up to be respected composers also. Q2 Do brilliant musicians get their talent from their parents, or is it due to the environment they grow up in? Bob has an identical twin brother, Bill. At first people cannot tell them apart. However, it does not take long to notice slight differences in their faces. Identical twins have identical genetic information. Therefore any differences between them should be due to the environment. Q3 What environmental factors, do you think could cause these differences? Bob bought a packet of sunflower seeds. The packet says that the...
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...findings for twin, adoption and testosterone studies that were conducted by top professionals in the study of genetics and the biological environments that surround us. The author also has listed some of the dangers of suggesting that there is in fact a criminal gene in the field of Criminal justice that is in existence and what the repercussions would be if it was proven to be the truth. This paper is informative and professionally cited. Discuss the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. Criminality is definitely influenced by genetic factors as well as environment. For example studies were conducted among adopted children that have a biological parent that is a criminal these children have a higher risk of engaging in criminal activities, according to Richard J. Hernstein. He asserts that there have been many other studies that confirm certain physical traits, such as muscularity, gender and some have an extra Y chromosome, these children were also at a higher risk of committing crime. Therefore the late Hernstein argues, it’s refutable that criminal behavior has a genetic source. All evidence points to behavior such as aggression which can possibly be inherited. Some individuals may be predisposed and more at risk of developing criminal behavior than the average due to some biological difference. If in fact this difference is heritable, then the possibility for parents to pass on the tendency to their children is good. Twin studies,...
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...LESSON FIVE & SIX – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT EATING DISORDERS ------------------------------------------------- Specification link: You will be able to outline and evaluate: ------------------------------------------------- Biological, including neural and evolutionary, explanations of anorexia nervosa ------------------------------------------------- Psychology explanations of anorexia nervosa Outline and description of theories | Research evidence and commentary | IntroductionThe DSM-IV Rev identifies three categories of eating disorder: * Anorexia nervosa 1. AN -restricting type – refusal to eat 2. AN- binge eating/purging type – episodes of binge eating followed by removal of food from the body by vomiting, laxatives, or enemas.Both of these are associated with significant weight loss and the other symptoms of AN. * Bulimia nervosa – episodes of binging followed by removal of food from the body by vomiting, laxatives, or enemas (no significant weight loss). * Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)The four major symptoms of anorexia nervosa are: * The body weight is 85% or less of normal weight for age and height * Distorted perception of body weight/shape, and/or denial that the weight loss is severe * Intense fear of becoming fat * Loss of three consecutive menstrual cycles in women (amenorrhoea)Anorexia nervosa (AN) and Bulimia nervosa (BN) have much in common, particularly a dissatisfaction with body weight and/or shape....
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...Multiple births are rare in humans. Twins are the most common form of a multiple pregnancy. About one in eighty-sevens births result in twins. Most of the time, twins are found as fraternal or identical. Siamese, polar body, and sesquizygotic twins are very rare types of twins. The total number of births of twins remains fairly constant, but the birth of fraternal twins alter greatly. The determination of the type of twins is based on how the embryos develop. The birth of twins can occur in two different ways, the fertilization of a single egg or the fertilization of two eggs. In the case of dizygotic twins, the woman’s ovaries release two eggs at the same time, with each being fertilized by two male sperms, and fraternal twins begin to develop. Each fetus lies within its own membrane in two separate sacs, with two separate placentas. The two zygotes do not share blood vessels. Both zygotes develop differently, each having a different genetic coding. They can be both girls, both boys, or a single girl and a single boy. Because each embryo develops on its own from different genetic characteristics, dizygotic twins resemble family characteristics, as do brother and sister. Dizygotic twins share on average about 50% of the same genetic material. Dizygotic Twins Diagram The births of monozygotic twins take place much differently than the birth of fraternal twins. Identical twins originate from a single egg, fertilized similarly to a single pregnancy. A change transpires...
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...Growing up I always thought of myself as an individual, as well as an identical twin and it was strange to me that other people didn't see this as well. For myself and my twin sister Jenna, people not bothering to, or not being able to distinguish between them is likely to reinforce our thoughts that it was normal for us to me seen as one, rather than two individuals. I’ve always thought of myself as a lucky. Because of my sister, I was never alone growing up. The most fun part is probably just having a companion you can count on. However, the most challenging part is the feeling that everything is a shared life experience which is heavily influenced by family, friends and the people around us who perceives us to be the same person and one identity, while in fact we are very different. The constant comparison we had to deal with, especially in out childhood caused major difficulties for me and my sister. Some people including our family; began labelling us and making comments such as "she's the pretty one" or "smart one" or "she's the bad one". These generalisations were very damaging to us while we were growing up; we began to receive unrealistic expectations to the way we were supposed to be according to others. Sometimes we even started to resent one another, which almost damaged our relationship. While we were growing up we were often called "the twins" and I guess at the time I didn't really mind. Looking back, it was because people didn't see us properly as separate...
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...were raised and matured in our environment. On the other hand, nurture is viewed as what or who we are as a result of our influences and our environment or surroundings. Homosexuality is one of the hottest topics today. One of the reasons for the popularity is the current debate on same sex marriage, along with homosexual human rights campaigns going on in today’s public arena. More so either this “behavior” is by choice or predetermined by genes. The Studies One of the best research in this area is on identical twins. Howard Gruber, the director of the Institute for Cognitive Studies at Rutgers University in Newark, reviewed and quoted two books written by Susan L. Farber, “Identical Twins Reared Apart, A Reanalysis ” and Niels Juel-Nielsen, “Individual and Environment, Monozygotic Twins Reared Apart (Gruber, 1981). He explained that the importance of the study of identical twins is that they have the same genes. If reared together, they would have the identical conditions their similarities could be either environment or...
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