...The art of persuasion is an essential part of rhetoric and good argument. There are different levels of communication. If you simply want basic information because you are in an unfamiliar location, that is one thing. On the other hand, in communication at higher levels you are often engaged in the process of sharing a point of view and attempting to get others to share your point of view. Imagine how many aspects of modern business and commerce, local, national and international politics, education, the arts and every form of industry are dependent on intelligent people making persuasive arguments literally countless times each day. In in class speaker, Mr. John Divine, provided us with a great example of this. Mr. Divine is honed in the necessary art of persuasion due to his vast personal experience, as he performed the art of persuasion for both a living and profession. For many years Mr. Divine was involved in sales for IBM, a multinational consulting and technology company who designs and sells computers and computer hardware and software in addition to offering consultancy in technology. Furthermore, Mr. Divine was involved in the political realm of persuasion; he acted as mayor for the town of Salina. Through his personal experience Mr. Divine has come to be a prolific reserve in terms of information pertaining to persuasion. He has come to learn in what cases persuasion is more likely to be effective, which he kindly shared with our class. He told us about key steps which...
Words: 1177 - Pages: 5
...Luther King Jr.’s speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” is considered to be one of his most powerful and effective speeches, considering that it gave not only the black community of Memphis, TN, but all supporters of the nation, the courage to continue a long journey for freedom. His figure as a speaker and a leader had a positive impacting effect on the nation as a whole. On February 1, 1968, during a heavy rainstorm in Memphis, two black sanitation workers, Echol Cole and Robert Walker, were crushed to death by a faulty garbage truck compactor to stay out of the rain (“Martin Luther King Jr”). The City of Memphis, under Mayor Henry Loeb, in order to preserve money in the economy, had continued to use this old and outdated machinery in the Public Works Department when it should have been discarded (Honey). “The city paid most of its 1,300 sanitation workers a minimum wage of one dollar and sixty cents per hour; they worked until their routes were done, often putting in sixty hours a week at forty hours of pay” (Honey). The wages of these workers were so low that they were forced to live on welfare as well as food stamps to simply live day to day and feed their families (“Sanitation Workers Strike”). The city provided unskilled black workers with no job benefits, no access to supervisory jobs, no rights or respect and minimal health coverage. The families of both Cole and Walker received only small payments from the city government who claimed that the employees were not covered...
Words: 2945 - Pages: 12
...The Rhetoric: Aristotle At some point or another, eventually you are persuaded or convinced to do something through some sort of speech or writing. Whereas, great Philosophers such as Aristotle have used art of persuasion in order to influence others through his memorable works of art and writings. Aristotle’s rhetoric exemplifies this by using the principles of ethos, pathos and logos. The theory of rhetoric looks at the way people use persuasion through their writing and their speeches in order to make people act or think in a certain way or to comply with what you are saying or writing. “Aristotle saw the function of rhetoric as the discovery in each case of “the available means of persuasion” (Griffin, 2015). Aristotle believed in three different types of speeches that you use the expressionism of rhetoric and they are deliberative, judicial and epideictic. As explained in Covino’s work, a deliberative speech will focus on decisions that mainly concern the future. This is typically delivered to a legislative body, such as U.S Congress or Legislative Assembly. The second form of speeches, as Covino explains, is judicial. The judicial focuses on decisions about what has previously happened in the past. These kinds of speeches are generally delivered in a court...
Words: 1579 - Pages: 7
...Rachel C. Ancheta BS IT 2C Headgear Speech of Entertain Headgear may be the most important article in the army's uniform. You wear headgear to protect yourself from the rain and hot rays of sunshine, as well as for others to admire your military status. Military designers are tempted again and again to make headgear exclusive, namely, more stylish, trendy, and fashionable. My old patrol cap, the one I am holding in my hand, is my friend's present. It has neither double thick bill nor internal pocket, neither chinstraps nor breathtaking camouflage color by which any desert sniper would figure me out in no time. Well, how comfortable it feels - even with that strong smell of military service! What a feeling! In the army, the patrol cap is one of the three headgear options, together with the beret and the military visor dress hat. When I tried to find secrets of a new ACU patrol cap, it occurred to me that the military value moisture-wicking boots more than headgear. A new patrol cap is described as "an upgraded soft cap with double thick bill, no earflaps and a lower profile." Well, my old patrol cap is soft, too. No wonders, it has known so many laundries. It has no earflaps, either. What about a lower profile or a higher profile? No sweat, if I change it like this and like that . Where's the rub? You may ask me why I argue against a new patrol cap. Because I care for its history and I hate being cheated. My patrol...
Words: 4096 - Pages: 17
...Joel Carey Persuasive Speech Outline Speech 100 Spring 2007 I. Attention Step: Welcome and thank you for coming. So, how many millionaires do we have in the audience tonight? Well, did you know that according to USA Today the average player salary in the National Basketball Association today is $3.7 million dollars per year? Average! The rookie minimum is over $300,000 and Kevin Garnett the NBA’s highest paid player earned $28 million this season. According to Forbes the average value of a franchise in the National Basketball Association is currently around $240 million, a private business group from Oklahoma recently paid $350 million for our Seattle Supersonics franchise. Thesis: Please keep these figures in mind this evening as I discuss with you why our tax dollars should not go towards funding a new arena for the Seattle Supersonics basketball franchise. Preview: This topic should be of concern to all of you and tonight I will explain why through documented statistical evidence. My research will show why it is unreasonable for a professional sports franchise to ask the taxpayers to pay for their playground through our hard earned tax dollars. II. Need: A. Proponents of sports facilities have tried to justify public spending on these projects with the claim that they enhance redevelopment in urban areas, however very little research exists that actually supports these claims. B. Indiana State Professor Thomas Sawyer reports in his article...
Words: 1545 - Pages: 7
...A BRIEF CONTENTS PART 1 • GETTING STARTED 1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 3. Managing Speech Anxiety 4. Ethical Public Speaking 5. Listeners and Speakers 1 2 8 1 4 23 30 PART 2 • DEVELOPMENT 6. Analyzing the Audience 7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 8. Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258...
Words: 104318 - Pages: 418
...Lauren Vicker, Ron Hein - "The Fast Forward MBA in Business Communication" Page i The Fast Forward MBA in Business Communication Page ii THE FAST FORWARD MBA SERIES The Fast Forward MBA Series provides time-pressed business professionals and students with concise, onestop information to help them solve business problems and make smart, informed business decisions. All of the volumes, written by industry leaders, contain "tough ideas made easy." The published books in this series are: The Fast Forward MBA in Negotiating & Dealmaking (0-471-25698-6) by Roy J. Lewicki and Alexander Hiam The Fast Forward MBA in Financial Planning (0-471-23829-5) by Ed McCarthy The Fast Forward MBA in Hiring (0-471-24212-8) by Max Messmer The Fast Forward MBA in Investing (0-471-24661-1) by Jack Waggoner file:///C|/Documents and Settings/gasanova/Local Settin..._Fast_Forward_MBA_in_Business_Communication/e-book.html (1 of 175)16.02.2005 13:57:22 Lauren Vicker, Ron Hein - "The Fast Forward MBA in Business Communication" The Fast Forward MBA in Technology Management (0-471-23980-1) by Daniel J. Petrozzo The Fast Forward MBA Pocket Reference (0-471-14595-5) by Paul A. Argenti The Fast Forward MBA in Marketing (0-471-16616-2) by Dallas Murphy The Fast Forward MBA in Business (0-471-14660-9) by Virginia O'Brien The Fast Forward MBA in Finance (0-471-10930-4) by John Tracy The Fast Forward MBA in Project Management (0-471-32546-5) by Eric Verzuh Page iii The Fast Forward MBA in...
Words: 68324 - Pages: 274
...promote peace. 27 Civil disobedience was used to promote racial equality. 27 Civil disobedience is used to try to prevent the destruction of the environment. 27 Civil disobedience is effective at changing the law. 28 Legal channels can take too long. 28 Consent to obey just laws does not imply consent to obey unjust ones. 28 Distinguishing between just and unjust laws to disobey can be universalized. 28 Civil disobedience can be stabilizing to a community by spreading a shared sense of justice. 29 Sometimes it is only the unjustified response to civil disobedience that has harmful consequence. 29 Civil disobedience is traditionally non-violent. 29 Civil disobedience is a form of exercising free speech- which is essential in a democracy. 30 Civil disobedience has been used to fight slave laws 30 Civil disobedience played a role in ending the Vietnam war. 30 Civil disobedience shouldn’t be punished- but recognized as enhancing democracy. 31 Even if laws are created by democratic means- civil disobedience can still be justified. 31 Civil disobedience is justified because it promotes equal marriage laws. 31 Civil disobedience is a integral part of American history. 32 Civil disobedience has certain criteria. It must be illegal, nonviolent, and the...
Words: 18413 - Pages: 74
...Assessment and Evaluation ✓ Evidence 1. Labour’s Reforms o The constitutional reforms initiated by the Labour Government elected in 1997 together promise to transform the institutional structure of the United Kingdom. ▪ The Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly are the most tangible signs of this transformation but other constitutional reforms are either in being or well under way …… ▪ including the Human Rights Act of 1998 (incorporating the European Convention on Human Rights), ▪ a directly-elected mayor and assembly for London, ▪ a reformed House of Lords ▪ and Freedom of Information legislation. ▪ Although reform of the electoral system for Westminster now seems a somewhat distant prospect, the 1999 elections to the Welsh Assembly, to the Scottish Parliament and to the European Parliament were all conducted using electoral systems very different from the traditional first-past-the-post method. ▪ Referendums have been widely used, and more promised o Lecture by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Irvine of Lairg, to the Constitution Unit, Westminster. 8 December 1998 o No other Government this century has embarked upon so significant or wide-ranging a programme of constitutional reform as the New Labour Government. It is therefore my particular pleasure, as the member of the Cabinet entrusted with driving forward development of policy, to have...
Words: 14891 - Pages: 60
...Study Unit Writing Sentences and Paragraphs Preview Preview In this study unit, you’ll take all the information and skills you’ve acquired so far and use them to practice writing complete, correct sentences and well-organized, coherent paragraphs. You have the tools—the parts of speech; correct spelling, punctuation, and capitalization; and good grammar— to construct and use a variety of sentence types. You’ve studied the uses of modifiers, tone, and form, so you can reach the people you’re addressing. You’ve also learned to write to your audience, whether you’re sending out a basic business letter, convincing a group to accept your recommendations, or presenting a research report. Now we’ll begin to put it all together. By learning how to express yourself in correct sentences and to recognize common errors, your basic communications skills will significantly improve. By learning to focus on your topic, organize your ideas, use transitions, and write an effective conclusion, you’ll write consistently stronger paragraphs, letters, essays, and reports. This, in turn, will increase your professionalism and open doors to future success. When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Compose sentences correctly • Use various sentence structures and types • Recognize and correct fragments and run-on sentences • Construct unified, coherent paragraphs • Connect paragraphs to build a well-organized, logical document ...
Words: 23475 - Pages: 94
...ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS Quarter: winter 2015, Deadline for Submission of Assignment: Feb 12, 2015 Attempt all questions given below. Your answers should not be copied, word-for-word, from the textbook. You may use the terms, concepts, examples from the textbook, but these must be written as your own, independent expression. 1. Briefly explain the three theories of communication suggested by Mary Munter. 2. Explain the psychological, semantic and physical barriers to communication. 3. Write the most common pitfalls of the following channels of communication: a. Downward Communication b. Upward Communication c. Lateral Communication d. Writing Communication 4. What are four C’s of character traits? With the help of a model, provide a brief description of each. 5. Describe techniques of motivating your audience. 6. What is the difference between thinking and structuring? What three guidelines should underline the thinking process? 7. What is feedback? What are the keys to giving and receiving the feedback effectively? 8. Analyze the elements of nonverbal communication 9. Write a note on the structure of a presentation. 10. What are the task functions and process functions of chairing a meeting? Explain. Q. 1: Briefly explain the three theories of communication suggested by Mary Munter. Ans: There are three basic theories of Communication • Electronic Theory • Social Theory • Rhetorical Theory 1. Electronic Theory: ...
Words: 14077 - Pages: 57
...Fold along perforation before detatching cards abridge ˘ (´ BRI J) abstract ˘ (ab STRAKT) acclaim ¯ (´ KLAM) adulation ¯ (a j´ LA sh´n) ˘ adversary ˘ (AD vû(r) se r e ˘ ¯) adversity ¯) (a VÛ(R) s´ te ˘d advocate ˘ ¯ (AD v´ ka t) aesthetic ˘ ˘ (e THE tı k) ˘s affirmation ¯ (a f´ r MA shun) ˘ v. condense or shorten. v. applaud; announce with great approval. also n. adj. theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational. The NBC sportscasters acclaimed every American victory in the Olympics and decried every American defeat. To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal. Because the publishers felt the public wanted a shorter version of War and Peace, they proceeded to abridge the novel. n. poverty; misfortune. n. opponent. n. flattery; admiration. We must learn to meet adversity gracefully. The young wrestler struggled to defeat his adversary. The rock star thrived on the adulation of his groupies and yes-men. n. positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath. adj. artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciation of the beautiful. aesthete, n. v. urge; plead for. Despite Tom’s affirmations of innocence, Aunt Polly still suspected he had eaten the pie. The beauty of Tiffany’s stained glass appealed to Esther’s aesthetic sense. The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves. Fold along perforation...
Words: 6076 - Pages: 25
...involves forced simulated drowning. Less remarkable, perhaps, but possibly more relevant for most of us, we’ve heard the term “downsized” used when someone is fired or laid off. “Ethnic cleansing” covers everything from deportation to genocide. What we have to say may be important, but the words we choose to say it with can be equally important. The examples just given are cases of a certain type of linguistic coercion—an attempt to get us to adopt a particular attitude toward a subject that, if described differently, would seem less attractive to us. Words have tremendous persuasive power, or what we have called their rhetorical force or emotive meaning—their power to express and elicit images, feelings, and emotional associations. In the next few chapters, we examine some of the most common rhetorical techniques used to affect people’s attitudes, opinions, and behavior. Rhetoric refers to the study of persuasive writing. As we use the term, it denotes a broad category of linguistic techniques people use Moore−Parker: Critical Thinking, Ninth Edition 5. Persuasion Through Rhetoric: Common Devices and...
Words: 15202 - Pages: 61
...form of your messages to meet audience needs 12-12-20 9:37 PM Adapting Your Messages to Your Audience MODULE 2 19 Employability Skills 2000+ Checklist Module content builds these Conference Board of Canada Employability Skills 2000+ Communicate Be Adaptable Think and Solve Problems Learn Continuously Demonstrate Positive Attitudes and Behaviours Work with Others Audience analysis is fundamental to the success of any message: to capture and hold an audience’s attention, and to motivate readers and listeners, you must shape your message to meet the audience’s interests, and needs. LO1 Who is My Audience? Your audience may include many people. In an organizational setting, a message may have five audiences. 1. The initial audience—your supervisor or the client, for example—receives the message first and routes it to other audiences. Sometimes the initial audience also tells you to write the message. 2. The primary audience—your supervisor, or the...
Words: 10440 - Pages: 42
...classifications, whether benign or invidious, will trigger rigid strict scrutiny analysis, which requires that the government prove its program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. In 2003, the Court, in Gratz v. Bollinger,1 ruled that while student diversity in educational institutions may be a compelling interest, an affirmative action program that assigned points to applicants of minority races was unconstitutional.2 In 2007, in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1,3 it held that two public school district plans that used race-based enrollment targets for student assignments failed strict scrutiny because the districts neither proved a compelling interest, nor demonstrated that the plans were...
Words: 19597 - Pages: 79
