...U52026 International Labour Markets ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- FIRST REPORT – 2013 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Submission 27/03/2013 Contents Page: Front Cover………………………………………………………….Page 1 Contents Page………………………………………………………Page 2 Questions...…………………………………………………………Page 3 Part One…………………………………………………………….Pages 4-9 Part Two…………………………………………………………….Pages 10-15 Bibliography……………………………………………………….Pages 16-21 Questions Country Case Study You are required to write a 2000 word report which provides a critical assessment of the labour market of a particular country. You will be allocated the country in the seminar in week 1. If you have not attended this seminar, then you need to consult the module leader to obtain the country you will cover. Part 1 of the report (worth 40% of the marks) requires you to provide a statistical profile of your allocated country’s labour market and present an overview of the most important trends and developments in this country’s labour market over the past decade. Part 2 of the report (worth 60% of the marks) requires you to provide a critical review of the particular situation in your country of NEETs – young people not in employment, education or training. Specifically, using appropriate...
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...In the past decade mass immigration has increased drastically around the world(Beath). Many countries have different methods on how to accept immigrants and how to keep immigrants out. America, China, North Korea and many other countries around the world have closed borders against other countries. Their borders do have some errors that let immigrants enter the country illegally. The European Union has an open border within its countries, which is the main reason for extensive immigrants(Lynch). Many Countries have been attempting and struggling to strengthen their borders from neighboring countries. America has been struggling with immigration for a long time. Many undocumented immigrants in America are from Mexico or other countries in South America(Chavez). Immigrants go through tough life choices with leaving their family and selling their belongings to pay smugglers(El Paso Times).When refugees get to America they...
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...Introduction 1 2. History 1 3. Reason for the Large Scale of Immigration 3 4. Policy and Regulation 4 5. Problems 7 5.1. Illegal Immigration 7 5.2. Religious and Cultural Conflicts among Immigrants and Natives 9 5.3. Social Unrest 11 5.4. Affecting the Education System 12 6. Solutions 14 7. Concession 17 7.1. Alleviate the Pressure of Aging Problem in EU 17 7.2. Boost the economy in Europe 18 8. Conclusion 19 9. Bibliography 19 1. Introduction The issue of immigration has been the hot debated topic in the European Union for a long time. And there is obvious evidence that the upsurge of immigration into the Europe will not be calmed down within a short time. The European Union has developed its competences in the fields of policies and regulations regarding the immigration issue. But the problems still exist and more things need to be done for creating a better balance. The report will first quickly go over the history of human migration and reasons for the recent large scale of immigration into Europe will be analyzed. After, the policies and regulations implemented by nations of Europe and the European Union will be introduced before going deep into the problems brought up by immigration. Then some solutions as to how to settle the current problems will be provided and concessions will be made to maintain a balanced and objective knowledge of the influences of immigration. 2. History While there is no doubt that migration has...
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...[pic] Университет за Национално и Световно Стопанство Направление: Икономика с преподаване на Английски език КУРСОВА РАБОТА тема : Economic immigration: the case of Spain Изготвил: Венелина Цветанова Каменова Фак. Ном.: 10114103 Преподавател: Кръстьо Петков 2010 година Съдържание Why did I choose this topic? I. Introduction 1. The term immigration 1.1 The term immigration and the general theories behind it 1.2. Economic migrant 2. Global immigration 3. Immigration in Europe 1. Immigration within Europe 2. Immigration from outside of Europe II. The case of Spain 1. Immigration laws and policies in Spain 2. Main countries from where people emigrate to Spain 1. Bulgarians in Spain 3. Main reasons for choosing Spain III. Conclusion The data used in this project is from year 2005. Why did I choose this topic? Watching half of my classmates applying in foreign universities and many of my friends and family choosing to live abroad in order to have “better life” made me wonder what the reasons behind the migrations are. I was interested in the scientific explanation behind the migration processes. This paper gave me the opportunity to understand the incentives behind people’s decisions and the main reasons, pushing people from our own country. And even if I didn’t choose the case of Spain for my topic it...
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...Youki Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of immigration to a country’s economy. The new immigration policy in UK is limit on immigration. According to this policy, the essay will describe the advantages and disadvantages of immigration to EU countries’ economy. The immigration brings a positive impact to the EU countries. For example, the workers from other countries are younger. Europe faces aging population, it needs immigrants both economically and demographically. (Quentin, 3, March, 2005) According to Dustman et al(2003)said, “ the migration from EU 8 countries broadly positive, impact on the UK labor market.” What’s more, immigration can increase the tax income and improve the economy in UK. The government said, “ 17% the total amount of 2004, the Birth economic growth was created by immigration.” According to the survey in 2000, the British immigration taxes pay for GBP 31.2 billion. In addition, the contribution from the immigration is a rising trend year of year. On the other hand, the immigration can have negative impact on the country. For example, the government underestimates the number of the immigration. Society may face a housing problem and security problem. People do not work will alcohol abuse and flooding homeless. The British worker will have a lot of pressure. The immigration to work in UK will be less paid and younger. They are often from a poor country. The British workers need to take pay cuts with ‘serious implications’ because of the...
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...Let me paint you a picture of a Britain not in the EU, a Britain alone and isolated. This Britain faces unemployment of around 11 million people. It faces problems of reduced immigration creating even more financial difficulties. It faces an extremely volatile and uncertain situation regarding future trade with other countries. Today I am going to talk about why these two main points- trade and immigration – form the argument of why we should stay in the EU. The first issue I am going to raise is trade. A huge benefit to the UK and UK businesses is that as a member of the EU we have access to worry-free and tariff-free trading with all its members. As such, approximately a staggering 50% of our exports go to the EU. Critically, leaving the EU puts our economy under threat. The hope of euro sceptics that we can easily enjoy a free-trade agreement such as Switzerland and Norway is both unrealistic and more importantly dangerous. If the UK leaves the EU, it is likely that UK based firms will relocate abroad, leaving a massive hole in our economy and forcing us into another recession. Furthermore, if we were to still have a free-trade agreement with the EU, we would still have to comply with all the strict regulations. Only, these would now be regulation that we had no input or control over what so ever. Can you honestly say, having just come out of one of the biggest depressions in over half a century and with confidence slowly crawling out of the gutters, that you are prepared...
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...migration: immigration and emigration. In this part I am going to talk only about immigration to Germany. It is defined as a movement of people into country. This movement will help to meet future labour demand and a shortages caused by shrinking German working-age population. However, international recruitment is difficult process. Restrictions still prevent the employment of most skilled workers, even if there is a labour shortage. In Germany there are three types of immigrants: EU-immigrants, non-EU and students. Skilled workers The biggest shortage in German labour market is skilled workers. The market is showing shortages in different occupations. For example, there are not enough engineers, IT specialist, mathematicians or specialists in natural science. Scarcity is expected to reach 5.4 million by 2025 (federal Employment Agency, 2011 a ) . Immigrants should fill out this labour deficit. There are two kinds of immigrants- EU and non-EU immigrants. The most of high-skilled immigrants come from non-EU countries. In 2011 most of them were from India, United States, Japan, China. Regulations are different for both, but for latter much stricter. Regulations EU immigrants Citizens from European Economic Area ( EU plus Iceland, Norway, Lichtenstein) and Switzerland are allowed to live and work in Germany freely. The only requirement is to register your living place. The only exception is for Bulgaria and Romania citizens, they have to get a living/working permit. Non- EU immigrants ...
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...United Kingdom Independent Party (UKIP) UKIP is right wing political party founded in1993 with overall objective from the United Kingdom to leave the European Union and for UKIP to create a right-wing Britain. UKIP is a minority party in British politics with only one seat in the House of Commons and three seats in the House of Lords History UKIP was created in 1993 by Alan Sked and other members of the cross-party Anti-Federalist League (The Anti-Federalist League being a small cross-party organisation in Britain, formed in 1991 to campaign against the Maastricht Treaty). Alan Sked was then leader from 1993-1997 doing little to move UKIP into mainstream politics mainly due to UKIP being overshadowed by the bigger Referendum Party. Alan Sked then left in 1997 due to the growing influence of radical, far-right opinion in the party's ranks and the idea of taking up MEP places at European Parliament if seats should be won there, instead of focusing on trying to get UKIP seats at Westminster. UKIP slowly gained ground after the resignation of Alan Sked under Michael Holmes (UKIP leader from 1997-2000) and Roger Knapman (UKIP leader from 2002-2006) with Michael Holmes causing UKIP to gain three seats and 7% of the vote in the 1999 European Parliamentary elections. This also helped by the leader of the Referendum Party dying and therefore it being disbanded. Roger Knapman caused UKIP came third with 12 MEPs being elected in the 2004 European Parliamentary elections. In the London...
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...The European Union (EU) was established in 1957 by six western European countries. Then known as the European Economic Community (EEC), its aim was to create a Common Market. During its lifetime, the EU has evolved from this Common Market towards monetary union with the establishment of a single currency, the Euro. There has also been a great deal of political integration, with an example of this being the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Currently, membership of the European Union consists of twenty five states. The last wave of admissions included many former Communist bloc countries such as Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The next scheduled enlargement is in 2007, when Romania and Bulgaria are scheduled to join. After this, the next state scheduled to join is Turkey, which will open negotiations with the EU in October 2005. Potential Turkish membership of the EU is in many ways a paradox. Turkey has for many years had pro-western leanings. Its strategic requirements during the Cold War led Ankara to strongly embrace NATO and rely on the west for its security guarantees. Also, the founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk founded the state on six profoundly western pillars. These were: firstly, Secularism, which effectively meant removing the direct influence of religious leaders on political decisions and education; secondly, Republicanism, organising the polity as a modern state, as opposed to the Ottoman Empire; thirdly, Populism, not accepting...
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...economic impact of EU membership on the UK This note examines the various channels through which membership of the EU affects the UK economy. A general sense of the EU’s economic impact can be gained by reading Section 1 alone. Subsequent sections deal with particular issues, such as the EU’s effect on UK trade relations, in more detail, and compare the UK’s situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership influences...
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...administrative affairs) and his struggles to bring about changes in the government. His attempts are prevented by his Permanent Secretary Sir Humphrey Appleby. 2. Kaj so povedal notr glede Brexita in EU + The devil you know Even though Yes, minister is 30 years old the political issues mentioned seem timeless. There are two episodes that in my opinion describe what British people think about the EU. I’m going to show you this clip from the episode The writing on the wall: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37iHSwA1SwE In this clip that went viral around the time Brexit happened, Sir Humphrey Appleby explains to Jim Hacker that the reason the UK joined the EU (or what was at that time European Economic Community) was to destroy it from inside. The clip further explains that Britain was eager to bring more countries to join the EU but only to make them quarrel between themselves/to encourage disagreements between them and by that make the EU become weaker. It shows what could have been the reason the UK actually joined the EU in the first place and how British people actually view the EU....
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...than anything help from the other large nations in the EU. People from areas outside of the EU like the USA or Asia, would have to get a visa issued to their passport before they can even have a holiday. For people holding passports for countries inside the EU, they can move freely with not much problem and get support in the countries they are travelling to. This was has been ok for many years but in recent times the joining of several smaller countries to the EU has brought an unprecedented influx of immigration to the shore of the UK that has quickly escalated into a national crisis. This is something that has only resulted in only minute positives, with the country now struggling to cope with the demand for jobs and housing causing a lot of anger amongst the people. The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which are all considered highly developed courtiers in there own right. The region boasts structured democracies that has controlled and helped the area grow for decades to be one of the most economically stable in the world. This has seen the poverty line rise to be much higher than many countries and regions even though there are still problems that need to be addressed in the country. The strength and possibility for growth has made many over the years question the countries they live in and the opportunities they can seek within their boarders. For some people in places in the EU there...
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...schemes as changes in demographics are indicating that these schemes will not be able to sustain themselves in a few years time. Fertility rates heavily increased in the post World War II period (1960 a representative year) and decreased subsequently, creating the “baby boom”, which has been an important factor in the 21st century population aging. Current fertility rates are experiencing historic lows; at an European Union (EU ) average 1.58 live births per woman, it is significantly below the level needed to replace the population (2.1) . Such changes have significantly increased the average percentage of EU population aged 65 and over, from 9.6% in 1960 to 16% in 2010, which is expected to increase to 22.6% by 2030 . This statistic shows that increasingly more people will have to be supported by government pensions. In the EU the average life expectancy at birth has risen by 10 years over the last 50 years , which means that pension schemes have to support each member increasingly longer than before. The average old age dependency ratio (OADR) in the EU, which measures the amount of elderly people for every 100 people of working age, has increased from 15% in 1960 to 23.6% in 2010 and is projected to hit 36.6 in 2030 . This means that there will be an insufficient amount of working age people to support the pension schemes for the rising number of elderly people. Hence, why there needs to be pension reform? If new reforms are not introduced to the existing pension schemes...
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...Hillary Clinton is in favor of immigration reforms that would make it much easier for immigrants to enter the country. She proposes to continue what is being done now with DREAMers, DACA and DAPA. If the DREAM Act had been passed, in some instances children who were illegally brought into the country and went to an American school could be given legal status. The act was not passed. DREAMers are the children who would qualify, but have not been given to a legal status. Clinton will pass the DREAM Act if she is elected. (1)DACA stands for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. This means that if an illegal immigrant came to the country as a child and apply to the guidelines they can ask for deferred action. Deferred action means that they are applying for their removal or...
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...Academic year 2014-2015 Migration towards Europe and the “welfare magnet”: “Determinants of Turkish Migration to EU-15” Master dissertation Student Kristýna Jedličková Home institution Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Supervisor prof. Claire Naiditch Submission date September 2015 Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincerest thanks to prof. Claire Naiditch for her guidance, support, patience and valuable recommendations. Declaration of authorship I, Kristýna Jedličková hereby declare that the thesis Migration towards Europe and the “welfare magnet” was written by myself and that all presented results are my own, unless stated otherwise. The literature sources are listed in the Literature Review section. Prague, September 30th, 2015 ........................................................ Signature Key words Migration, welfare magnet, public social spending, inflows of migrants, EU’s migratory policy, European welfare system, Turkish welfare system, Turkey, EU-15, gravity model, fixed effect, random effect, Hausman test, country specific fixed effect, time specific fixed effect. Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to analyse which factors drive migration from Turkey towards Europe and whether the welfare benefits play a major role in the decision making process. The analysis is based on a gravitation model of migration in log-log form. The FE and RE methods were employed as estimation techniques and the Hausman test enabled to distinguish them. The present...
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