...Conflict and Cooperation Research Paper POL/469 Conflict and Cooperation Research Paper The end of World War II brought a dramatic change to United States policies regarding nations and their sovereign rights to bear arms and establish standing military forces. After the defeat of Germany and Japan the United States emerged from WWII as the world’s strongest military force. As the new military leader in the world the US began setting into motion policies for dealing with antagonistic countries which has lasted even today. The policy of democratization was instituted in Japan which led to the construction of the Japanese Constitution. Under article 9 of this constitution Japan would renounce war. "The Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes", and also, "land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained." (Article 9) This policy and constitutional structure would make Japanese military mainly defensive in nature. This was to ensure that democracy would take hold and imperialism and military rule would not surface again in Japanese society (Dolan and Worden, 1992). Today this constitutional directive is an active feature in the Japanese society. The majority of Japanese people do not believe in the proliferation of military strength especially that of nuclear capability. Military Force Structure As a result of the new Japanese...
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...In 1953, the Doomsday clock, representation of how close the world is to a global catastrophic event, struck 2 minutes before midnight. Tensions were at its peak as the United States and the Soviets had their stock piles of nuclear warheads pointed and ready to be launched in response to an attack. The question this paper will be answering is, ‘what event was the trigger behind this near catastrophic situation?’ Although there is no specific event that all historians agree upon the cause of the Cold War, a Soviet cipher clerk who defected to Canada and exposing the Soviet spy ring in North America is largely credited as the man who start the Cold War. To determine whether a cipher clerk can single-handedly start the largest confrontation between...
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...Omri Flaisher 2-10-2012 Political Undertones in The Human Centipede In general, film and media (more specifically, independent film and media) tend to revolve around a central theme of political and social undertones, which in turn create consumer value and worth. However, many times these undertones are not consciously processed and retained. This may be due to the fact that many do not approach such activities with eyes open to such undertones, or perhaps it is merely due to the depth of the given undertones themselves. Regardless, a lack of awareness does not correlate to a lack of existence. Whether it’s the institution of imperialism in Avatar, or the relation of the later Star Wars films to the U.S. wars in the Middle East, political and social slant remains a driving factor for producers, as it allows those very producers to preach their personal views through their work. While it may be easy to write many movies off as purely visual stimulation, many times it takes a keen eye to delve further into the reason the movie was made in the first place. This supposition can be pulled into play in the case of The Human Centipede, a graphic independent horror film written by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six. Despite the general presumption that the movie was produced for shock value and shock value alone, a deeper look into setting, themes, and casting reveals a film that holds much greater social value than recognized by most. The movie begins chronicling the ventures of two...
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...Competing with the global giants England had always been considered to be one of the most civilised nations in the world, gathering from the country's vast historical stories and researches, England has gone through many civilisation phases as the country slowly emerges into globalisation. It is these journeys which defines England as how it is today. We have learnt of many driven influences and factors which has led this mighty nation into a civilised success, and this paper will explore all of the possible driving factors behind this great nation, and the reason for its undefeated economical standing and the highly regarded and prestigious education standards it possesses. Not only is England one of the most famous countries in the world, it is also one of the most famous from the West and United States of America. The strategy they decide to choose to keep them in this same power will ultimately steer the country's predictions for the future of globalisation. In previous times, humans walked and swam as a way of traveling, it was very difficult to communicate long distances; for example, if we walked 100 miles without stopping, it would take 1 day to get to the destination. For this reason, most countries' development was very slow and each country had a different level of technology because they could not share knowledge or ideas with each other. However, this situation began to change after Europeans improved naval techniques which allowed Europeans to travel to other continents...
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...To Baghdad 1917 to 2003 – Why is knowledge of the British Empire particularly relevant to the study of US relations and American Imperialism especially in the last twenty years? Emy Ibrahim Washington D.C. Public Policy Seminar-Research Paper April 17th, 2007 Our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies, but as liberators. ... It is [not] the wish of [our] government to impose upon you alien institutions. ... [It is our wish] that you should prosper even as in the past, when your lands were fertile, when your ancestors gave to the world literature, science, and art, and when Baghdad city was one of the wonders of the world. ... It is [our] hope that the aspirations of your philosophers and writers shall be realized and that once again the people of Baghdad shall flourish, enjoying their wealth and substance under institutions which are in consonance with their sacred laws and their racial ideals.[1] The government of Iraq, and the future of your country, will soon belong to you. ... We will end a brutal regime ... so that Iraqis can live in security. We will respect your great religious traditions, whose principles of equality and compassion are essential to Iraq's future. We will help you build a peaceful and representative government that protects the rights of all citizens. And then our military forces will leave. Iraq will go forward as a unified, independent, and sovereign nation that has regained a respected place in the world. You...
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...ABRIDGED GIVING WINGS TO WORLD ECONOMIC RECOVERY THROUGH MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION INNOVATIONS. BY DR ISAH MOMOH, 16 AUGUST, 2011 Tels: 234 803 196 1363; 802 325 8362; 809 569 3433 Email: imomoh@smc.edu.ng; isahmomoh3@yahoo.com; isahmomoh@gmail.com. School of Media and Communication (SMC) Pan African University, 2 Ahmed Onibudo Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria Tels: 01 4616170-2; 2711617-20 Email: info@smc.edu.ng Abstract This paper posits that the current economic recovery of the world from the recent economic melt down is largely due more to more honest, humble and sincere forms of communication and similar changes in the global information system. It holds that the pace and strength of recovery and its sustenance would be accelerated by innovations in global communication and information systems as well as orientation towards more honesty, consideration and concern for the world as one global economic, political and environmental system of linked and inter-dependent parts. Traditionally, journalism and mass communication as a whole demand that news and all professional communications be truthful and factual. They require that opinions be clearly stated and separated from facts through the doctrine that “facts are sacred” and “opinions are free”. It has also been the tradition, under the developmental communication theory to insist that news and professional communications as reports...
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...period, Japan was forced to sign on the unequal treaty, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, by the United States forces that demanded the opening of five ports for the foreign trade while securing the U.S. diplomatic privilege of extraterritoriality (Tipton, 2002, p.26). This agreement curtailed the Japanese sovereignty for the first time in history, and alerted Japanese politicians to the dangers of further foreign encroachment. After the fierce debates among Japanese intellectuals, they realized ‘Gunboat diplomacy’ is the essence of the international political game. Thus, some of enlightened leaders such as Sakamoto Ryōma (1867) emphasized the necessity of modernize Japan as Western states by strengthening the military and economic power in his writing Eight-Point Program in order to survive in the arena of power politics. This idea was adopted as a center pillar of Meiji Restoration and enabled Japan to build up military power comparable to Western states within a short period of time. However, Japan needed to show its advanced military strength to be recognized as a growing power and to join ranks of powers in international politics (Ebrey, 2009, p.371). Therefore, the Meiji government planned the way to be a ‘regional hegemon’ through military expansion in Asia. It first defeated Qing Dynasty in Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and representatives of both states signed at the Treaty of Simonoseki that included the Article to cede full sovereignty of Taiwan to Empire of Japan in perpetuity...
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...this tragic event 65 years later is very prominent in the Korean Peninsula. North Korea is perhaps one of the most isolated countries in the modern 21st century unlike its counterpart South Korea, which is one of the worlds most industrial nations. The two sides are infamously separated by the demilitarized zone, which is a 205-kilometer border barrier (Szczepanski, Para. 31). In the past decade, tensions have arisen between the North and South, which have led many to believe conflict is inevitable given North Korea's hostile history and militaristic approach to diplomacy. The foundation of North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, can be traced back to World War Two. After the allied victory in 1945, the empire of Japan lost the Korean Peninsula, which was annexed to the empire in 1910 (Szczepanski, Para. 26). The United Nations divided Korea between the two major Allied powers. The northern half was subjugated by the Soviet Union, while the United States moved in to govern the southern half (Szczepanski, Para. 27). The Soviet Union established a communist government in Pyongyang and left the region in 1948. Kim Il-sung became the first head leader of the regime and would later become the chairman of the Korean Workers’ Party (Lee, Jung Ha, and Young Ick Lew, Pg. 8.) This pro-Soviet communist government would spark the hostile history of North Korea. Kallie Szczepanski, a historian who has traveled extensively in twelve Asian countries, argues that North...
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...NGIEROF 6691 G N I K E P Printed in the People’s Republic of China Study Chairman Mao’s writings, follow his teachings and act according to his instructions. Lin Piao A facsimile of the above statement by Comrade Lin Piao in his own handwriting appears on the previous page. FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION OF QUOTATIONS FROM CHAIRMAN MAO TSE-TUNG (December 16, 1966) Lin Piao Comrade Mao Tse-tung is the greatest Marxist-Leninist of our era. He has inherited, defended and developed MarxismLeninism with genius, creatively and comprehensively and has brought it to a higher and completely new stage. Mao Tse-tung’s thought is MarxismLeninism of the era in which imperialism is heading for total collapse and socialism is advancing to world-wide victory. It is a powerful ideological weapon for opposing imperialism and for opposing revisionism and dogmatism. Mao Tse-tung’s thought is the guiding principle for all the work of the Party, the army and the country. Therefore, the most fundamental task in our Party’s political and ideological work is at all times to hold high the great red banner of Mao Tse-tung’s thought, to arm the minds of the people throughout the country with it and to persist in using it to command every field of activity. The broad masses of the workers, peasants and soldiers and the broad ranks of the revolutionary cadres and the intellectuals should really master Mao Tse-tung’s thought; they should all study Chairman Mao’s writings, follow his teachings...
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...IGOROTS * Home * IGOROT SONGS * IGOROT DANCE * IGOROT TRADITIONS * MONEY ON THE MOUNTAIN IGOROT TRADITIONS IGOROT TRADITIONS When we talk about Igorot identity and culture, we also have to consider the time. My point is that: what I am going to share in this article concerning the Igorot culture might not be the same practiced by the Igorots of today. It has made variations by the passing of time, which is also normally happening to many other cultures, but the main core of respect and reverence to ancestors and to those who had just passed is still there. The Igorot culture that I like to share is about our practices and beliefs during the "time of Death". Death is part of the cycle of life. Igorots practice this part of life cycle with a great meaning and importance. Before the advent of Christianity in the Igorotlandia, the Igorots or the people of the Cordilleran region in the Philippines were animist or pagans. Our reverence or the importance of giving honor to our ancestors is a part of our daily activities. We consider our ancestors still to be with us, only that they exist in another world or dimension. Whenever we have some special feasts (e.g., occasions during death, wedding, family gathering, etc.), when we undertake something special (like going somewhere to look for a job or during thanksgiving), we perform some special offer. We call this "Menpalti/ Menkanyaw", an act of butchering and offering animals. During these times we call them...
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...2 Contents Page Introduction 3 1. The concept and essence of globalization 1. What is globalization 5 2. History of globalization 11 3. Different types of globalization 13 2. Effects of globalization 2.1 Positive effects of globalization 19 2.2 Negative effects of globalization 21 Conclusion 23 Endnotes 24 Bibliography 25 3 Introduction Today it is really difficult to find a more fashionable and a discussion topic as globalization. Dozens of conferences and symposia, hundreds of books and...
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...CROSSING BORDERS IN THE NEW IMPERIALISM (published in Colin Leys and Leo Panitch (eds), Socialist Register, London: Merlin, 2004) Bob Sutcliffe In words which seem uncannily relevant today, two mid-nineteenth century fugitives (in today’s language asylum seekers) wrote that “the bourgeoisie has through its exploitation of the world-market given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country”[i]. This cosmopolitanization (or in today’s vocabulary globalization) turned out to be neither as continuous nor as complete as they expected. By the beginning of the following century other emigrant followers of these two men began to argue that the full economic integration of world capitalism would be prevented by strife between the industrialized countries. Imperialism in this sense seemed to mean that globalization would be a task for post-capitalist society. This appeared to be confirmed by the following half century of war, protectionism and deep economic crisis until, in the middle of the twentieth century, cosmopolitan capitalism made its big comeback. Globalization is more than anything else the feature of today’s capitalism which leads many to argue that there is a new imperialism, or even that imperialism has been replaced by something else (for instance, by “post-imperialism” or by “Empire”). The real newness of the present is, however, debatable. In trying to discern the character of an age, it is tempting to argue that everything...
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...Research Essay The articles “The Clash of Civilizations”, “Jihad vs. McWorld”, “The Coming of Anarchy”, “The Summoning”, “The End of Progressivism”, and “The Myth of Global Ethnic Conflict” all exercise ideas and hypothesis that relate to present day world problems. The authors of these articles have strong beliefs about issues that could potentially lead to an apocalyptic future plagued with war. Throughout this paper I will talk about the main ideas of each article, compare and contrast the articles, and discuss my opinion about the article. In the article “The Clash of Civilizations”, Samuel P. Huntington believes that the fundamental source of conflict in the future will be a conflict on culture. Huntington strongly believes that 8 basic civilizations will clash in the future. These civilizations are Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic Orthodox, Latin American, and possibly African. Huntington defines a civilization as the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of what distinguishes them from other species. Civilizations can be seen as a cultural entity with commonalities in language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and may contain several nation states. Huntington believes these conflicts will occur because the world is becoming a smaller place, there is a rapid growth of civilization-consciousness, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and less easily compromised...
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...WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? Four Possible Answers Simon Reich Working Paper #261 – December 1998 Simon Reich holds appointments as a Professor at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs and in the Department of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh. In fall 1997 he was a Visiting Fellow at the Kellogg Institute. His publications include The Fruits of Fascism: Postwar Prosperity in Historical Perspective and The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe (with Andrei S. Markovits) both published by Cornell University Press. His most recent coauthored book is The Myth of the Global Corporation (Princeton University Press, 1998). Reich has also published many book chapters and articles in journals such as International Organization, International Interactions, The Review of International Political Economy, and German Politics and Society. He has received fellowships from the Sloan Foundation and the Kellogg Institute and was awarded an International Affairs Fellowship from the Council on Foreign Relations. His current work is on the issue of the definitions and central propositions of globalization. This paper was written during my stay at the Kellogg Institute. I wish to express my appreciation to the fellows and staff of the Institute for all their help on this project, notably to Scott Mainwaring who is now director of the Institute. Introduction The end of the Cold War provided a major shock for scholars of politics and policy in at...
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...Assignment 1 How was the south changed? The chief accomplishment of the new south was the expansion of textile production, as the number of cotton mills grew from 161 to 400. There was also an increase in the lumber industry, coal production, and tobacco growth. Although, the majority of southern farmers were not flourishing, which caused sharecropping and tendancy to increase between blacks and whites. The bourbons perfected a political alliance with northern conservatives and economic alliance with northern capitalists. They also reduced state expenditures and public debt. Attitudes about race became more strongly felt and the prospect of an electoral alliance between poor whites and blacks that could threaten the power structure became a possibility, so the southern states came up with various ways to disenfranchise blacks. Also, “Jim Crow” laws were enacted to mandate public separation of the races. Legalized segregation reinforced the notions of white racial superiority and African-American inferiority, creating an atmosphere that encouraged violence, and during the 1890s lynching’s of blacks rose significantly. Define the New West. After 1865, the federal government encouraged western settlement and economic exploitation. The transcontinental railroads opened the western half of the nation to economic development and created an interconnected national market. Needing rapid communication, companies built telegraph lines along the railroad as the track was laid...
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