...the organizations in order to survive. These challenges compel organizations to have more motivated workforce in order to stay in the competition and to face the challenges successfully. Organization needs the employees more than ever to produce outstanding result and maximize their effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations have realized that to motivate their employees they have to introduce reward system. A system where these organizations appreciate the performance of their employees and encourage them toward more quality work. Organizations have relies that it is not the punitive actions for bad performance which will bring the motivated employees but this reward system will do. This new thinking is driving away the organizations from “command and control” approach towards the “advice and consent” to motivate their employees. Analyzing the factors that affect job satisfaction, motivation and employee performance Agency theory could be helpful. Agency theory indicates the limits to which the organizations can hold their employees responsible for the organization performance. Agency theory can be use to solve the problems arise under conditions of incomplete and asymmetric information when a principal hires an agent. According to the agency theory the principal (owner or owners) must give delegate full authority to the agents (employees or managers) to work on their behalf and run the organization. Harrison R and Kessels J. (2004, Pp 25-26) The base behind this theory is...
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.............1 2.0 Conceptual Framework.........................................................................................2 2.1 Topic 1. Herzberg theory of employee motivation................................................2 2.1(a) Hygiene factor...................................................................................................3 2.2 (b) Motivating Factors............................................................................................4 3.1 The different types of leadership style...................................................................5 3.1 (a) Theory X (authoritative style of Leadership)....................................................5. 3.1(b) Theory Y ( participative style of Leadership)....................................................6. 3.1(c) Delegating style of leadership......................................................................... ...6 4.0 Applying the Conceptual framework to the Article................................................7 5.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................7 6.0 References................................................................................................................8 1.0 Introduction: In this Assignment of principle of organization and management we have chosen an article on Human Resources Management. The field of human resources is as old as the times, because invariably during...
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...1.1. Leadership and Management Concept 2 1.2. Theories of management and leadership 3 1.3.Challenges of Leadership and Management Practices 6 2.1. Theories of Motivation 8 2.2. Role of Leadership and Management in employee motivation 10 2.3. Performance Management Technique as organizational processes 11 3.1. Development of Team by Bruce Tuckman 13 3.2. Role of leader in team development 14 3.3. Role and usefulness of team in an organization 16 References: 18 1.1. Leadership and Management Concept Leadership can be defined as the influence of an individual whom denoted as “leader”, upon the subordinates, for the achievement of organizational goal. Here, the leader should bear the quality to understand the situation and act upon so, and the action should be influential, motivational and goal oriented. Moreover, agreeing with the concept, leadership derives two aspects: (i) the leader who exerts influence and (ii) the individuals who are influenced. Thus, the success of Leadership depends upon the proper management of these two dynamics to a large extent. Likewise, Leadership should also posses different other qualities for better management of followers and lead the organization to its targeted goal. “The influential ability of a leader to effect the behavior of his followers to indirectly follow particular path as pre-defined by the leader” (Barnard, 1948) “Leadership can be defined as the mutual relationship between a leader and followers, strengthened...
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...and work commitment of staff that depend on several factor. This research will offer some theory messages for the academic institution about importance of job satisfaction for employees. In addition, this research would provide valuable information to management of institution by understanding the factor that affect job satisfaction. This study will give benefit to academic staff which their management can identify this to distinguish...
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...the positive effects of effective communication on employee motivation and performance. Specifically, in intends to compare the results between service employees and manufacturing employees in terms of communication as a motivating factor. The theories used in this study to create a conceptual framework are Herzberg Two factor theory, Goal Theory, and the circular theory of communication. The concept is that when hygiene and motivator factors are high, goals can be developed, but can only be effective only if the message was disseminated effectively. The study uses quantitative research on service and manufacturing employees. They were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire with ranking questions and some open-ended questions. The study found that there were only slight differences in the motivator factors for both set of respondents but there service employees are higher in hygiene. Both industries, however, see communication as an important factor in motivation. However, they only experience high hygiene, but less motivator, which means that they are not fully motivated. It has been suggested that the companies of the employees surveyed should invest on improving the motivator factors within the working environment and improve communication flows. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This study examines the importance of communication on the performance and motivation of employees. The target samples of the study are employees...
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...OR STOLEN FROM OTHER(S) AS ONE’S OWN WILL BE PENALIZED AS DEFINED IN “AIOU PLAGIARISM POLICY”. Course: Management Theory and Practice (8506) Semester: Autumn, 2011 Level: MBA/M.Com Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 50 ASSIGNMENT No. 1 (Units: 1–5) Note: Attempt and questions. Q. 1 a) Define manager and differentiate between general manager and functional manager. Also discuss the different levels of managers with suitable examples. (12) b) Discuss the contribution of Henry Fayol in the field of Management. (08) Q. 2 What is meant by rational decision making? Explain the steps of rational decision making with a suitable example. (20) Q. 3 a) Define Management By Objective (MBO). Differentiate between Strategic planning, Tactical planning and Operational planning. (2+10) b) Explain the following planning tools: i) Forecasting ii) Benchmarking iii) Scheduling iv) Budgeting (2+2+2+2) Q. 4 a) Define the term “Delegation”. Also describe the seven steps to effective delegation. (3+7) b) Explain the following concepts: i) Centralization ii) Decentralization iii) Authority iv) Span of control v) Span of Control (2+2+2+2+2) Q. 5 a) Define Leadership. Differentiate between Leader and Manager. (2+8) b) Discuss the following approaches to leadership in detail: i) Bass’s theory of transformational leadership ii) Contingency approach to leadership (5+5) Guidelines FOR ASSIGNMENT # 1 ...
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...what you want your men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way”. In Taylors view, if a work is analysed scientifically it will be possible to find one best way to do it. It implies application of scientific principles for studying & identifying management problems. In this, he proposed that by optimizing and simplifying jobs, productivity would increase. He also advanced the idea that workers and managers needed to cooperate with one another. This was very different from the way work was typically done in businesses beforehand. A factory manager at that time had very little contact with the workers, and he left them on their own to produce the necessary product. There was no standardization, and a worker's main motivation was often continued employment, so there was no incentive to work as quickly or as efficiently as possible. Taylor believed that all workers were motivated by money, so he promoted the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." In other words, if a worker didn't achieve enough in a day, he didn't deserve to be paid as much as another worker who was highly productive (Taylor, 1909). Hence scientific management is a thoughtful, organized, dual approach towards the job of management against hit or miss or Rule of Thumb. Principles of Scientific Management 1. Development of Science for each part of men’s job (replacement of rule of thumb) a. This principle suggests that work assigned to any employee should be observed...
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...Manager role is to help his people to get the best out of themselves. Motivation is a key area which is of utmost attention to most manager and human resource department of organisations. Retention of prime talent is a major challenge organisations are facing in current scenario. Therefore it’s imperative for manager’s to be well aware of all the motivation theories and their applications in real life scenarios. Motivation is generally considered a basic principal in running a successful business. To deliver this concept it delves into different motivational theories and shows the importance of these theories from managerial aspect. The paper begins with the history of motivation and its importance from organisational point of view, and then it explains various types of motivational theories which include Maslow’s Theory, Herzberg’s Dual Structure Theory etc. Finally it concludes by highlighting the importance of these theories in strengthening management skills. Importance of Motivational Theories Psychologists writing in 19th and early 20th centuries explained that human beings are basically automated to behave in certain ways, which depends upon behavioural cues to which they were exposed. As per motivation and leadership at Work (Steers, Porte, and Bigley, 1996), in earlier 20th century researchers started to look for other possibilities to account for difference in individual motivation. Some other researchers were trying to explain motivated behaviour...
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...EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Farheen B. Zaidi 1, Zahra Abbas 2 JULY 2011 VOL 3, NO 3 Abstract A good reward system is necessary to motivate the employees of an organization. This study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of rewards on the motivational level of employees of telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The impact of three independent variables rewards, monetary rewards and non-monetary rewards on the dependent variable motivation was studied. Four dimensions of motivation, focus, determination, effort and satisfaction were considered for the development of theoretical framework. A total of 292 questionnaires were returned fully complete. The research study showed that there exists a strong positive relationship in rewards and motivation among the employees. It was concluded that monetary rewards have greater impact on motivation of employees than the non-monetary rewards. Significant differences in rewards offered to employees and motivation level were found in the analysis of comparison of means with respect to gender, age group, marital status, working duration in the organization and salary. Keywords— Focus, Determination, Monetary Rewards, Non-Monetary Rewards, Motivation, Rewards . INTRODUCTION "Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it." (Eisenhower) Rewards whether monetary or non-monetary can be used as significant tools for increasing the motivation of an...
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...Employee motivation Importance of employee motivation How Employee motivation contributes to productivity How employee motivation contributes to Job satisfaction Best Practices Importance of Employee Motivation For a long time, employees where considered in companies as just an input in the production; but in order for a human being to perform in effective levels it is important for the employee to be motivated. Motivating employees was an important topic as far back as 1789. Samuel Slater, a pioneer who introduced textile manufacturing to America, was concerned about creating a work setting where it was comfortable for workers to do their jobs. (Gibson, 2012, P.125). Motivation is the way business and personal goals are achieved. Motivation is important for any organization, doesn’t matter if the organization is team based or if the employees work independently. The mission and vision of the organization must be aligned with the individuals that work within, this is of high significance for creating a high level of motivation that can lead to higher productivity, financial gain and work quality. The final outcome of any activity within the organization will be outlined by the level of motivation of the employees, without motivation, all capabilities and experiences ere futile. Motivation is what moves productivity, similar to gasoline to an engine, if the engine does not have any fuel, it will not run. It is very common to see how the human resources department...
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...success of the business. There are several issues in the hotel Harbor Inn in Sydney, which are directly responsible for job dissatisfaction and excessive staff turnover occurred in last few years A- Issues related with motivation 1. Lack of motivation Susan and David experienced that the management has never motivated them to maximize their efforts in achieving the goals of organization. 2. Lack of adequate training: Susan’s training was very slow and inadequate, upsetting the prospects of Susan’s career. Training is usually uncommon in hotel industry due to high employee turnover; even then the success of the hotel industry relies on training the workforce. Training is an essential ingredient to enhance the quality experience to employees and travelers alike (Janes). 3. Loss of trust in management Managers did not fulfill the promises of increasing the work hours of Susan and providing car-parking slot. Managers never cared how Susan is making both ends meet with her limited salary. Many employees have lost trust in their managers. Nohria et al. (2008, pp. 2-4) argued that when the managers betray an employee, the employ feels loneliness and frustration. Attachment with organization improves employees’ commitment to the organization. 4. Issues of security of job and safety Employees need security of job and safe environment at home and workplace. Susan was not provided an escort when she walks a long distance in day or night time to reach...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Employee Motivation 1.1. Introduction An issue which usually generates a great deal of attention from most managers, administrators and those involved in Human Resources Management is the issue of how to successfully motivate employee. While it is true that aspects like staff recruitment, controlling, managing, leading, and many more are of great importance to the success of an organization, Employee Motivation is generally considered a core element in running a successful business. 1.2. Statement of the Problem This paper attempts to discover the most important theories and approaches behind employee motivation, present different types of motivation, discuss their importance and provide recommendations and solutions to solving problems of de-motivated or unmotivated employees. 1.3. The Nature and Importance of Motivation Managers and scholars alike have long been inspired in attempting to find out why some employees tend to work harder than others. The study of motivation helps managers understand this variance in performance. Furthermore, knowledge of what motivates people allows managers to take ‘constructive steps’ to improve their employees’ work performance[1]. Before understanding the different types of motivation, we need to examine closely the nature of motivation. The term motivation derives from the Latin word movere, meaning, ‘to move’. This means that no one can understand a person’s motivation until that person ‘behaves or literally...
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...MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES Operative employee motivation strategies go a long way in workers’ productivity and loyalty. Each and every individual at work place has an inner motivational force and that’s what makes the individual wake up every morning to look forward for a brighter day at work place. Different levels of motivation may exist among workers. Some have higher drive to carry out what they are willing and able to do, on the other hand others have the motivation is to do as much as the minimum prerequisite. Employee motivation strategies tries to create principles to fathom what motivates individuals at workplace and drive their performance at work. Knowledgeable and successful managers worldwide have for decades applied range of motivational strategies to increase productivity at work place. Employing various mixes of motivational strategies depends on the kind of employees to be supervised and the situation the managers find themselves in. Managers should have it as a priority to understand when to they should praise, trust, and delegate and above all they should know and understand the benefits and disadvantages of the reward system and motivation theories. Examining motivational strategies and their affect in Productivity and performance improvement At Gift of life clinic back street is a private clinic owned by a renowned doctor who adds up as the overall manager and their work philosophy includes improving productivity together with better management skills. This is...
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...UAE Organization – Etisalat, Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction Contents Abstract 3 1.Introductory Background 3 1.1Scope of the Research 4 1.2Research objectives 4 1.3About Etisalat 5 2.Literature Review 5 2.1Understanding the Concept of Motivation 5 2.2Job Performance and Satisfaction 6 2.3Theory of Motivation – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need 7 3. Research Methodology 8 3.1 Research Philosophy 8 3.2 Research Approach 8 3.3 Method of Data Collection and Analysis 9 3.4.Ethical consideration 9 4. Research Result 9 5. Detail Analysis of Survey 10 6. Research Discussion 16 7. Research Conclusion 17 8.Bibliography 18 Abstract In the current competitive scenario people are trying hard to match their capabilities and aspiration to achieve their personal as well as professional objectives. On the same hand even organizations are seeing tough time to maintain their market performance that determines the success and failure of the organization. The performance of employee in organization is directly correlated to their level of motivation driven through their job structure with respect to the roles and responsibilities assigned to them depending on their caliber resulting to job satisfaction. In order to create commitment as well as motivation level among employees, employer has an important role to play. It is his directions and guidance under which the employee operates in the organization. Appointing the right resource to a job requirement and assigning it a complete...
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... TEXTILE ENGINEERING (MANAGEMENT) INTRODUCING by NAME ID AKTARUZZAMAN 2010-1-183 NUR-A- ALAM 2010-1-184 ALI AKBAR 2010-1-185 TAREQ IQBAL 2010-1-186 to mr. ahsan habib leading L eading is considered as the third basic managerial function. It is the set of processes used to get members of organization to work together to advance the interests of the organization. Leading involves directing, influencing & motivating employees to perform tasks. The people who can influence the behavior of others without having to rely on force, those are accepted by others as leaders. So a manager is necessarily a leader, but a leader may not be a manager. Leadership: The word leadership comes from the word “LEAD” which means to guide, to conduct or to direct. In general, Leadership is the ability to influence others. Leadership is the process of directing the subordinates to accomplish the organizational goal in a way that the group members are driven to perform according to their highest capability. According to Newstorm,’Leadership is the process of encouraging & helping...
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