...Improving Hand Hygiene through Education Danielle Pizzoferrato NUR/598- Nursing Research Utilization February 10, 2014 Professor Maria Revell Improving Hand Hygiene through Education Section C: Research Support There has been a plethora of research compiled in regards to hand hygiene and infection control. This research has been the driving force behind evidenced based practice for years and has helped revolutionize effective infection control methods. There are still many gaps to be filled. One of the biggest happens to be improving compliance rates among hand hygiene. This has been classified as a problem, but there is not a large array of research on specific interventions. One of the interventions that have been put under the microscope is the effect that education plays on change behavior to increase hand hygiene compliance. The following research articles emphasize this intervention. Article 1 The first article was entitled “Increasing Hand Hygiene Compliance Requires Culture Change” written by Treon, Kelley, Kneebone, and Miles (2007). The purpose of this research focused on designing an innovative educational intervention to increase overall awareness of infection control practices, and to increase overall hand hygiene compliance. The research question proposed was looking to determine if education can cause change behavior and increase hand hygiene adherence. The design of this research consisted of both qualitative and quantitative research providing a blended...
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...Communication: Final Dianne Pacifico QBT1: Task 4 - Revisions January 29, 2013 Western Governors University Alcohol-‐Based Hand Rubs vs. Handwashing Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs versus Handwashing Efficacy Hand hygiene has been the foundation of preventing nosocomial infections throughout the hospital. It has been taught for several generations that hand hygiene is effectively accomplish through the use of handwashing with soap and water. Unfortunately, studies have shown that handwashing practices have fallen out, which have led to a noticeably low compliance rate with health care workers. This in turn has led to an increase of nosocomial infections, and has had a negative impact on improving the health of patients who rely on physicians, nurses and other ancillary staff who have direct contact with them. Fortunately, an introduction of a new product has been able to change the statistical data with low compliance rate for hand hygiene. Some facilities have introduced the use of alcohol-based hand rubs as an alternative to the conventional handwashing techniques to help decrease the rate of nosocomial infections. There are several factors that indicate a better efficacy rate with using hand rubs versus handwashing. Studies have shown that health care workers have listed barriers and constraints that prevent them from practicing proper hand hygiene; therefore, leading to a low compliance rate. The effect of this low compliance rate leads to longer hospital stays, the...
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...Evidence-Based Practice and Applied Nursing Research Joyce Windham Western Governors University Article Larson, E., Quiros, D., Lin, S. (2007). Dissemination of the CDC’s Hand Hygiene Guidelines and Impact on Infection Rates. American Journal Infection Control, 35, 666-675. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137889. Graphic BackgroundInformation|This study examines the implementation of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines and analyzes whether compliance impacts patient outcomes, especially hospital acquired infections (HAI). The correlation of hand hygiene (HH) and HAI is very well described in this study. Rates for HAI were determined both pre and post implementation of the guidelines. A structural abstract is included with this study. There is an introduction which explains the intent of the study is to and examine how the CDC guidelines are implemented, the compliance rates for HH and how that relates to HAI rates.| Review of Literature|There have been numerous clinical practice guidelines by federal and professional organizations which were intended to improve quality of patient care and minimize variances in clinical practices. There have been three versions of the HH guidelines with the last version in 2002. There have been few studies done to correlate the practices of HH with HAI rates. This study was conducted in 2007 but is still relevant today. Compliance with HH guidelines...
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...Literature Review According to Wenzel et al. (1998), historically, infection control practices, in one form or another, have existed since surgeons such as Lister recognized the significance of bacteria in producing postoperative wound infection. In the early 1970s, the first infection control nurse was appointed in the U. K. This created the start of an era, the acknowledgment of infection control as a specialty in its own merit. In some countries, medical insurance companies pressured health services to decrease infection rates, and that led to an increase in infection control systems and programs. Countries with developed health care systems have taken action to the need to control hospital infections, reflected in escalating charges of hospitalization and increased length of stay in patients with illnesses, by establishing infection control procedures that span the gamut of hospital practice and clinical...
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...account for 75% of all acquired infections in the acute care hospital setting. These are surgical site infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (Nassof, 2009). Urinary tract infections comprise the highest percentage (Paterson, 2012). These infections usually are spread by the contaminated hands of healthcare providers or the patient’s family members. They are also caused by contaminated surfaces or hospital equipment that has not been properly cleaned (Nassof, 2009). The rate of exposure to infectious materials could be reduced if healthcare providers adhered to certain standard precautions such as hand hygiene. The proposal for this nursing research utilization project is to educate nurses on the importance of hand hygiene using evidence base protocol and how they can implement it in order to prevent nosocomial infections. Most if not all healthcare providers sometime in their career fail to wash their hands. Regardless of staff views on hand washing, research evidence-based studies confirm that hand washing is the most important way healthcare providers can prevent the spread of infection...
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...Infections in Relation to Poor Hand Hygiene Hospital acquired infections is an all too real and current issue. It is also highly preventable through the simple action of hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is a vital part of the hospital system to ensure the continuum of health. The number of professional health care staff who is not abiding by the governing policies on hand hygiene is alarming. It is an issue that is particularly relevant to nurses as they are in constant contact with patients, more so than any other health care professional. This paper shall address the topic of hospital acquired infections in relation to the lack of hand washing and poor hand hygiene. It shall hence be explored the reason behind the issues existence. Background Modern infection control is grounded in the work of Ignaz Semelweis who, in the late 1840’s demonstrated the importance of hand hygiene for controlling transmission of infection (Pittet, Allegrazi, & Boyce, 2009) and reduced mortality rate related to hospital acquired infections (Mortell, 2012). Hand hygiene has become an integral part of our culture. Hand washing is taught at every level of school, advocated in the workplace, and emphasized during nursing, medical, and paramedic training programs. The primary objective of hand hygiene recommendations has always been to reduce pathogen transmission and hospital acquired infections which, in turn, should reduce patient morbidity and mortality (Mortell, 2012). Hand Hygiene has been recognized and...
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...special Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetna postal cover. About Lifebouy In 1930’s Uniliver started the “Clean Hands help guard Health” campaign in US to encourage consumers to make their hands germ-free by using lifebuoy. Ever since its launch it had strong association with well-being and health. The soap was a carbolic soap and was quite popular till the early 1990’s. Thereby it faced competition from its counter parts like Nirma bath soap which where soft and were started to be sold at half its price. Lifebuoy experienced a negative growth of 5% in the same year. Women preferred the newer, softer and more fragrant soaps. In 2001, Lifebuoy market share fell to 12.5% from 15.4% as in 1997 To cope up with the same changes were brought in the soap in the formulation, size, shape, weight and packaging of the soap. It was changed from hard carbolic soap to softer soap with refreshing fragrance. This helped to appeal women About Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetna In India, Lifebuoy’s Swasthya Chetna programme clearly demonstrates this commitment to purposeful action towards cleaner, healthier and more hygienic communities. Lifebuoy’s Swasthya Chetna programme is one of the largest sustainable direct contact programmes for hygiene education in the world. Started in 2002, the aim of the programme is to create awareness about disease causing germs and to promote basic hygiene practices like washing hands with soap as a preventive measure. To date, Swasthya Chetna has touched the lives of 70 million Indians...
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...Appendix A Table 1: Hand Hygiene – Comparison of Guidelines |Source |When to Perform Hand Hygiene |Selection Of Agent |Technique |Other Relevant Aspects Of Hand Hygiene| |John Muir - Hand Hygiene Policy (2009) |Hands are visibly soiled |Soap and water are to be used|When washing with soap and water: |Healthcare workers to keep nails short| | |Prior to contact with pt diagnosed |to perform hand hygiene if |Stand close to sink, wet hands with water, |and clean | | |with C. Diff or viral |hands are visibly soiled |keep hands lower than elbow, apply soap and |The use of gloves does not mean that | | |gastroenteritis |Use alcohol based hand |lather thoroughly and wash hands. |you do not have to wash your hands | | |Before eating , after using |sanitizer is recommended when|Washing hands should take no less than 15 |Patients should also be given the | | |restroom, after wiping nose |a sink is not accessible or |seconds |chance to wash their hands before and | | ...
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...Background Hand washing and hand hygiene are consider to be the number one, cheap essential measure of preventing and controlling spread of hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Hand washing and hygiene can significantly reduce the burden of disease, in particular in hospitalized patient Unfortunately compliance to hand hygiene recommended standard procedures by the health care workers (HCWs) has been unacceptably poor. In order to design education program, identification of several risk factors associated with poor hand hygiene (HH) compliance is of extreme importance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to implement a hand hygiene program for increase compliance with hand hygiene among health care worker in 97 beds hospital. The key target for compliance to HH is not only health-care workers but also policy-makers and organizational leaders and managers. Methods.: Compliance to hand hygiene will be evaluated through direct observation of HCWs ,to helps pinpoint areas of strength or weaknesses in HH behavior, so as to develop training program that will help HCWs to complaint with HH . Evaluation will be based on direct observation and survey audit, observing the HCWs during routine patient care to ensure that hands hygiene are performed before and after getting in contact with patient and patient environment. In addition, survey audit based on the HCWs perception, knowledge and attitude, including patient and family observation of HCWs about hand hygiene. Intervention...
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...Nightingale Community Hospital has subjected itself to a rigorous examination of its policies and practices to keep up with the latest Joint Commission standards. Clinical practice is constantly affected by changes in the health care system and other factors. It is the responsibility of the hospital to be aware of such changes and modify its practice and align its goals in order to better serve the community at large. In short, it means the hospital needs to maintain compliance with the Joint Commission standards and provide consistent and quality care to its recipients. Compliance is a difficult task to achieve. It requires great effort on the part on the administrators and work force and requires the collaboration of interdisciplinary teams to bring about the desired effect. In order to monitor compliance, the hospital utilizes a periodic performance review (PPR) tool to assess its performance by continuous monitoring and performance improvement activities. The PPR provides the chassis for continuous standards compliance and focuses on the essential systems and practices that affect patient care and safety. The hospital self-evaluates its adherence with all Joint Commission Accreditation Participation Requirements, National Patient Safety Goals, related Elements of Performance (EPs), and develops a Plan of Action for all areas of performance identified as being non-compliant. The hospital also develops Measures of Success (MOS) for determining whether the organization...
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...Kelly Smithson Professor Rose English 15 17 April 2013 Improving Food Safety in Restaurants Atul Gawande is a surgeon, writer, and public health researcher. His current research is centered on improving performance in surgery, childbirth, and care of the terminally ill. He wrote an article in 2004 titled “The Bell Curve” It is about the need for improving health care for patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. In the article he made claims about treatment centers for cystic fibrosis being extremely successful in prolonging the life of the patients, but most are in just an average range. Gawande explains that “what you tend to find is a bell curve: a handful of teams with disturbingly poor outcomes for their patients, a handful with remarkably good results, and a great undistinguished middle”(4). This same concept of a bell curve could also be applied to restaurant health and safety rankings. I’m sure there is some restaurants that are just average when it comes to the hygiene of the facility, while other restaurants are so clean you could eat off of the floor. As restaurant owners there are many steps that you can do to be above average when it comes to the cleanliness of their facilities. One extremely important or even first step when operating a successful restaurant is to make sure that local health inspectors are investigating the establishment properly. This is important to ensure that the restaurant owners are doing things correctly. It has been know that throughout...
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...in people outside hospital; however it is far less common than in hospitalised people. This is known as community-acquired MRSA and is usually found in nursing and residential homes. MRSA colonisation occurs when MRSA grows in or on your body with no signs or symptoms of an infection. Many people carry MRSA without it causing any symptoms whatsoever. The most common place for colonisation is your armpits, nostrils, skin (especially if you have eczema), throat and urine. This colonisation can act as a reservoir which means that MRSA infections can later either develop in your body or spread to other people. The number of MRSA infections in hospital can be kept to a minimum if all hospital staff maintains good hygiene measures. The most important measure being to wash hands before and after contact with each patient and before doing any procedure; this is a simple measure that reduces the chance of passing on germs (bacteria) from individual to individual. In hospitals, other measures are used to reduce the spread of infection, such as cleaning of bedding,...
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...Everyone, Everywhere 2030 WaterAid’s Global Strategy 2015-2020 We are WaterAid Our vision is a world where everyone, everywhere has safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Our mission is to transform the lives of the poorest and most marginalised people by improving access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Our values define our culture and unite us across the many countries in which we work. They are at the very heart of WaterAid – who we are, what we do and how we do it. Respect Collaboration We treat everyone with dignity and respect and champion the rights and contribution of all to achieve a fairer world. We work with others to maximise our impact, respecting diversity and difference in the pursuit of common goals. Accountability Innovation We are accountable to those whose lives we hope to see transformed, to those we work with and to those who support us. We are creative and agile, always learning, and prepared to take risks to accelerate change. Courage Integrity We are bold and inspiring in our actions and words, and uncompromising in our determination to pursue our mission. We act with honesty and conviction and our actions are consistent with openness, equality and human rights. Front cover image: Janett, four, fills up a jerrycan with clean, safe water at the village’s new pump in Bugesera district, Rwanda. WaterAid/Zute Lightfoot Back cover image: Four-year-old Andreana (centre) and her friends...
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...WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care a WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary © World Health Organization 2009 WHO/IER/PSP/2009.07 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable...
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...It is crucial for organizations to keep record of the rates of the catheter-related bloodstream infections as it can help with quality improvement and improving safety measures. It provides evidence for the management team, where they can look at data and create strategies accordingly. Catheter-related bloodstream infections are most commonly caused by nosocomial bacteremia. In organizations, like MJ Kidney, catheter-related bloodstream infections are frowned upon because they are sometimes result of improper, missed care from health care professionals, especially nursing care. An infection could’ve been prevented if policies, guidelines, and procedures were correctly implemented and enforced. This causes an issue, like catheter-related bloodstream infections to become an organizational...
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