...1. In The Combahee River Collective: A Black Feminist Statement. Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought Beverly Sheftall states, “We realize that the only people who care enough about us to work consistently for our liberation is us. Our politics evolve from a health love for ourselves, our sisters, and our community, which allows us to continue our struggle and work.” Sheftall is stating that the black feminist movement developed from the fight for equality for the community and other oppressed groups but these groups are not present in the black feminist movement. In her book Black Women: Shaping Feminist Theory, bell hooks says the feminist movement of the 1970’s was started by upper class white women who desired...
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...They pointed out that the situation of women is determined by their perception of gender, but it is also significantly affected by other characteristics, identity and belonging. In 1977, a manifesto of the Boston group, Combahee River Collective, was published. “A Black Feminist Statement.” Black feminists pointed out that gender-based exclusion, race and class are inextricably linked. They wrote that experienced white women from the upper class, well-off, heterosexual, non-disabled, educated are distant from the experiences of colored women, struggling not only with sexism, but also with racial discrimination and classism. The rhetoric of the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s was organized around the similarity of all women's interests, which in the long term meant marginalizing the prospects and interests of this Black women movement, whose specificity was...
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...They explained that previous schools of thought in feminism are unable to fully acknowledge the issues faced by women of color in particular because they are unable to view them as being experienced simultaneously rather than occurring separately (Combahee, 249) because, as white women, they do not experience these intersections of identity. In Crenshaw’s article “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex” she outlines a particular occurrence with General Motors wherein which several black female workers were laid off and they argued against the discrimination that led to the termination of their jobs. General Motors cited that their layoff policy was based on seniority, with those who have worked for the company the longest having a greater chance of keeping their job. This explanation was unsatisfactory due to the fact that all Black women hired after 1970 had lost their jobs but no Black women had been hired before 1964, leaving them with a lack of seniority within the company....
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...In this unit, class, race, and sexual orientation have been overlooked in both the tradition and early feminist conceptions of the self. The two authors that have emphasized these topics are Monique Wittig and the Combahee River Collective. Monique Wittig writes about how gender should be destroyed in order to reach ‘freedom’. The Combahee River Collective help readers see the standpoint of black feminists and how it shapes us, as a society. Wittig introduces the fact of ‘destroying genders.’ Wittig wants more of non-categorized term for sexes rather than having a ‘woman’ and ‘man’ label. That is what she means by having freedom—the freedom from being labeled and categorized under stereotypical circumstances. “Women have been compelled in mind and body to an idea of nature that has been established for them.” This statement is saying that women are brought up knowing certain facts and rules about their status and authority in life. Wittig also believes that sciences that use these definitions should also be rejected. She sees that sexual orientation is categorized which leads to not having freedom. She also comes up with a Marxist perspective. She states there are two results for women that are lead from Marxism: the natural order of men and women and the disagreement between men and women were hidden behind a “natural division of labor”. It would be a great deal of threat to the Marxist society if women united as one. Wittig also denotes that gender covers that...
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...on the subject of black feminism. A Black Feminist Statement, Combahee River Collective In this reading, it is explained that black women have been meeting for centuries trying to get equality and rights. It is known that in 1974, black women began meeting in hopes of defending and clarifying there politics. These women were up against the oppression of men and the color of their skin and many were seeking for change. Their fight against oppression included race, sex, hetero-sexism, and class. “…Black feminism we would like to affirm that we find our Afro-American women's continuous life-and-death struggle for survival and liberation” (Combahee River Collective). These women felt as if it was an obligation to fight for their rights and took it as a matter of life or death situation. Many powerful women arose from the black feminist movement such as: Harriet Tubman, Frances E.W Harper, Ida B. Wells Barnett, Sojourner Truth and Mary Church Terrell. These women were major leaders and collaborators in the black feminist movement. In 1973 The National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) was created (Combahee River Collective). This organization was created to give the black women some economic and political stance. Even today, African Americans are at the bottom of the American capitalistic economy in regards to the economic positions. These women believed that political work must be organized for the collective benefit. The Black Feminists believed in many things but it brought...
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...In the article White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Back Pack, Peggy McIntosh explains how white people have an unearned advantage in society solely due to the colour of their skin. The first important aspect of the article is that McIntosh argues that white people gain this privilege from the prejudice we attribute to people of colour. These ideas people have, put people of colour at a disadvantage in comparison to white people. The preconceived ideas people have about others affects their opinions causing them to undervalue people belonging to particular racial groups. Examples of these ideas are: that a certain race is uneducated, that a certain race is incapable performing certain tasks, or that one race is superior to another, also known as ethnocentrism. Since being white is an asset, it opens many doors for white people to rise to the top (McIntosh 8), while the undervalued people of colour are being held back. The fact that this happens and while people remain oblivious to white privilege, allows the current “taxonomy of privilege,” (McIntosh 9) to remain. Another important aspect of the article is that McIntosh acknowledges that all white people are not racist, but they “are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege,” (McIntosh 3). If they do not see white privilege as being real, they will be less inclined to agree that other races are not treated as fairly and they will also not attempt to do anything to help the under privileged groups. In society today...
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...Donavin Goode 10/28/2013 CES 300 Critical Response Essay #3 Former Governor of Alabama Bob Riley once said, "For too long, we have focused on our differences – in our politics and backgrounds, in our race and beliefs – rather than cherishing the unity and pride that binds us together.” In today’s America, indifferences and separatism still linger from the times of racism and inequalities amongst different races, but it is nowhere near as prominent. Though in the times of the civil rights and black power movements the only focus people had was on their differences, no matter your background or beliefs, people just stayed separated and stuck with their own kind. However, this is not the case in the book Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels, and Black Power by Amy Sonnie and James Tracy. Different white and African-American groups, such as the Black Panthers and Young Patriots Organization, chose to iron out their differences and fight together for the higher cause. The story told by the authors about these organizations help to illuminate powerful issues at the time like unity, racial segregation and class differences. The book Hillbilly Nationalists is a captivating book that uses powerful imagery and description to get the realities of the issues at hand to the reader. It is a story about a fight for societal freedom and equality for different groups and their ability to come together and overcome any obstacle. Peggy Terry was an activist at this time, and...
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...The women’s rights movement was a huge turning point for women because they had succeeded in the altering of their status as a group and changing their lives of countless men and women. Gender, Ideology, and Historical Change: Explaining the Women’s Movement was a great chapter because it explained and analyzed the change and causes of the women’s movement. Elaine Tyler May’s essay, Cold War Ideology and the Rise of Feminism and Women’s Liberation and Sixties Radicalism by Alice Echols both gave important but different opinions and ideas about the women’s movement. Also, the primary sources reflect a number of economic, cultural, political, and demographic influences on the women’s movement. This chapter really explains how the Cold War ideologies, other protests and the free speech movements occurring during this time helped spark the rise or the women’s right’s movements. In Cold War Ideology and the Rise of Feminism by Elaine Tyler May, May examines the impact of political changes on American families, specifically the relationship of a Cold War ideology and the ideal of domesticity in the 1960s. May believed that with security as the common thread, the Cold War ideology and the domestic revival reinforced each other. Personal adaption, rather than political resistance, characterized the era. However, postwar domesticity never fully delivered on its promises because the baby-boom children who grew up in suburban homes abandoned the containment ethos when...
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...Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of feminist standpoint theory. Feminist standpoint theory is a theory which argues that the social science which is feminism should be practiced from the standpoint of women, or from particular groups of women, as some believe that women are better equipped to understand and comprehend certain aspects of society and the world. A feminisms standpoint epistemology proposes that it makes women’s experiences the main point of thinking, rather than it being a man’s. Nancy Hartsock is a female philosopher and is widely known for her work in feminist epistemology and standpoint theory, particularly her Feminist Standpoint essays. Hartsock came up with the theory that standpoint feminism is founded in Marxist ideology. She argued that feminist standpoint could be developed from Marx’s understanding of experience, and could be used to criticise patriarchal theories. She also adds how a standpoint view of feminism is essential when examining the systematic oppressions in a society in which standpoint feminists claim devalues and disregards women’s knowledge. Standpoint feminism draws on the idea that because women in all different types of societies all have significantly different lives and roles to those than men have, they believe that because of this, women hold a different type of knowledge. As women are a subordinated group, it allows them to see and understand the world different and in ways that differ completely and challenge...
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...1 Feminist Theory and Survey Research “The idea that there is only ‘one road’ to the feminist revolution, and only one type of ‘truly feminist’ research, is as limiting and as offensive as male-biased accounts of research that have gone before.” ~Liz Stanley and Sue Wise, 1983, p. 26. Introduction Over the past three decades, feminist methodologists have hammered home one point with surprising regularity: Feminist research takes a variety of legitimate forms; there is no “distinctive feminist method of research” (Harding, 1987; see also Chafetz, 2004a, 2004b; Fonow & Cook, 2005; Hawkesworth, 2006; Hesse-Biber, 2007; Risman, Sprague, & Howard, 1993; and Sprague, 2005). And yet, to this day, the relationship between feminist theory and quantitative social science research remains uneasy. Among feminist scholars, quantitative research is often seen as suspect for its association with positivism and its pretense of objectivity (among other things). At the same time, among quantitative researchers, feminist-identified work is often dismissed as “biased,” “activist,” or “substantively marginal.” While a number of scholars have recently published works outlining a “feminist” approach to social science research, these books have generally steered clear of quantitative survey research. Some authors of feminist 1 2— Feminist Measures in Survey Research methods texts limit their discussion of feminist survey research to a small section (e.g., Hesse-Biber, 2007; Reinharz, 1992;...
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...Feminism in Multicultural Societies An analysis of Dutch Multicultural and Postsecular Developments and their Implications for Feminist Debates Eva Midden A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of PhD at the University of Central Lancashire May 2010 Student Declaration Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution Material submitted for another award I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work Signature of Candidate Type of Award School ___PhD_________________________________ ___Centre for Professional Ethics___________ 1 Abstract It was long assumed that both multiculturalism and feminism are connected to progressive movements and hence have comparable and compatible goals. However, both in academia and in popular media the critique on multiculturalism has grown and is often accompanied with arguments related to gender equality and/or feminism. According to political scientist Susan Moller Okin for example there are fundamental conflicts between our commitment to gender equality and the desire to respect the customs of minority cultures or religions. If we agree that women...
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...THE PROBLEM WITH WORK A JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN CENTER BOOK THE PROBLEM WITH WORK Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries KATHI WEEKS Duke University Press Durham and London 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper co Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Minion Pro by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH LOVE TO JulieWalwick (1959-2010) Contents ix Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION i The Problem with Work i CHAPTF1 37 Mapping the Work Ethic CHAPTER 2 79 Marxism, Productivism, and the Refusal of Work CHAPTER 3 113 Working Demands: From Wages for Housework to Basic Income CHAPTER 4 151 "Hours for What We Will": Work, Family, and the Demand for Shorter Hours 5 CHAPTER 175 The Future Is Now: Utopian Demands and the Temporalities of Hope EPILOGUE 227 A Life beyond Work 235 255 Notes References 275 Index Acknowledgments thank the following friends and colleagues for their helpful feedback on versions of these arguments and portions of the manuscript: Anne Allison, Courtney Berger, Tina Campt, ChristineDiStefano, Greg Grandin, Judith Grant, Michael Hardt, Stefano Harney, Rebecca I would like to Karl, Ranji Khanna, Corey Robin...
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...University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2009 Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television D. Renee Smith University of Tennessee - Knoxville, drsmith@utk.edu Recommended Citation Smith, D. Renee, "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact trace@utk.edu. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by D. Renee Smith entitled "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Communication and Information. Catherine A. Luther, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Michelle T. Violanti, Suzanne Kurth, Benjamin J. Bates Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice...
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...50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies Jane Pilcher & Imelda Whelehan Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies i Recent volumes include: Key Concepts in Social Research Geoff Payne and Judy Payne Key Concepts in Medical Sociology Jonathan Gabe, Mike Bury and Mary Ann Elston Forthcoming titles include: Key Concepts in Leisure Studies David Harris Key Concepts in Critical Social Theory Nick Crossley Key Concepts in Urban Studies Mark Gottdiener The SAGE Key Concepts series provide students with accessible and authoritative knowledge of the essential topics in a variety of disciplines. Cross-referenced throughout, the format encourages critical evaluation through understanding. Written by experienced and respected academics, the books are indispensable study aids and guides to comprehension. JANE PILCHER AND IMELDA WHELEHAN Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies SAGE Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi iii © Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42 Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 100 017 British Library...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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