...Hearing in Infants Ages Birth to 12 Months: Child Growth and Development Tamesha Robinson Collin College Child Growth and Development TECA 1354 Professor Susy A Mathews Associate Faculty Office SCC B-103 or Child Development Lab School Spring Creek Campus Development of Hearing in the Womb Infants sense of hearing under goes most of its development in the womb (Baby center) states that a baby’s inner ear fully develops by the 20th week of pregnancy. The ability to hear is fully developed at birth. While in the womb, babies can hear your heart beat, your stomach grumbling and the blood moving through the umbilical cord. Babies are even startled by loud noises. The results suggest newborns will gravitate toward and pay more attention to what may be “their mothers melodic sounds than those of other women, and will pay more attention to other similar sounds like female voices in general, than they will to even less similar sounds, like male voices. The findings add to evidence suggesting that prenatal hearing can help infants perceive the sounds of speech. It was long know that newborns can discriminate or perceive most of the acoustic properties of speech. The theoretical view is that these capacities are mostly independent of previous auditory experience and that newborns have a bias or skill for perceiving speech. Scientist...
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...control body metabolism, by taking iodine from our food and converting it into these hormones. When the levels of T4 and T3 become too low, the pituitary gland must produce a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which then activates the thyroid gland to generate more hormones. (Norman, 2012). If the thyroid gland does not work properly, these hormones cannot be produced on their own. This condition is known as Hypothyroidism. This paper examines the types and causes of hypothyroidism, as well as the symptoms that may occur. Possible treatments and statistics of this health condition are also mentioned and discussed. Literature Review: Hyperthyroidism most often occurs in women and in those over the age of 50. However it can also occur in infants and young children. It is estimated that as many as 10% of women have some degree of thyroid hormone...
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...beneficial. Having clear answers as to whether or not a person may carry a higher risk for some diseases may in fact save their life, or the lives of their current or future children. However, over the years of development of the science, more and more controversial types of testing have developed. In this paper, the science of genetic testing will be introduced by going through a brief history, the different types of genetic testing available, as well as the controversies that surround them. History Genetic testing had a very positive and productive start. The first usage of Genetic Testing occurred over half a century ago, beginning with the testing of infants for PKU, or Phenylketonuria, “an inborn error of metabolism in which an amino acid buildup in the blood causes mental retardation.” (Lewis) To test infants, a drop of blood was taken from their heel while at the hospital after birth. If a child was found positive for PKU, dietary treatment was used to prevent loss of brain function. Testing was reliable and results were accurate. The disease being tested for was easily treatable, and every child that came through was tested without a problem. (Lewis) In the 1970’s, doctors began the process of testing individuals for sickle cell anemia and Tay-Sachs disease. The testing for these two diseases became mandatory in twelve states. However, because of the small amount of information available to the general public, misunderstanding of test results became common. Another...
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...A patient emails her physician to ask him a question regarding a treatment she has been receiving for over a year. She thinks that she might developing immunity to the treatment. The doctor can report this code only once during the online communication. Since she has been recieving the treatment for over a year and not just within the last seven days he can use this code. These services may be reported separately during a Preventative Medicine Service; vaccine products, immunization administration, ancillary laboratory or radiological studies; vision, hearing or developmental screening and others. Care to a newborn can occur in two different places a Hospital or Birthing Center A Birthing Center is designed for women who prefer to have a natural childbirth experience usually a Midwife or an Obstretrician helps the mother while in labor and giving birth. The center is very low tech and is not prepared in handling emergencies. In the instance of an emergency the patient or newborn will be transfered to a hospital. Birthing Centers are usually freestanding but can also be in a...
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...Physical Development: Age 0–2 Infants (birth to age 1) and toddlers (ages 1 to 2) grow quickly; bodily changes are rapid and profound. Physical development refers to biological changes that children undergo as they age. Important aspects that determine the progress of physical development in infancy and toddlerhood include physical and brain changes; development of reflexes, motor skills, sensations, perceptions, and learning skills; and health issues. The first 4 weeks of life are termed the neonatal period. Most babies weigh between 5 1/2 and 10 pounds, and are between 18 and 22 inches long. Male babies are generally slightly heavier and longer than female babies. Neonates born weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds are of low birthweight. Infants who arrive before their due date are preterm or premature, and these babies may or may not have a low birthweight. Babies who arrive on or shortly after their due date are full‐term. Infants who arrive 2 or more weeks after their due date are postmature. Both premature and postmature babies are at higher risk of complications such as sickness, brain damage, or death, than are full‐term babies. Physical growth is especially rapid during the first 2 years. An infant's birthweight generally doubles by 6 months and triples by the infant's first birthday. Similarly, a baby grows between 10 and 12 inches in length (or height), and the baby's proportions change during the first 2 years. The size of an infant's head decreases in proportion...
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...This seal is symbolic of the 5 areas of endeavor engaged in by the nine (9) associations comprising AdBoard; advertiser, advertising agency, media, advertising services sector and the consumer sector. The 5 elements are shown as adjacent circles, which symbolize unity and harmony. They appear to be in motion which depicts vitality and dynamism. The background is a deep blue field which symbolizes social consciousness and service to country. First Published, September 1975 Revised, June 1979 Revised, January 1984 Revised, March 1987 Revised, October 1990 Revised, 1996 Revised, March 2000 C:\Cris-Temp_file\ACRC-2006\Code of Ethics\ACRC Code & Manual.doc 1 PREFACE The need for an alternative democratic system of self-regulation in the advertising industry became apparent in the early 1970s when the Marcos administration sought to impose controls on media use, including on advertising, through the Mass Media Council. Through the efforts of advertising industry leaders, the Mass Media Council eventually gave way to a Council of Advertising, Public Relations, Research and Sales Promotion chaired by respected advertising practitioner Francisco Floro. This Advertising Council, in turn, created a sub-committee composed of representatives from the Association of Philippine Advertising Agencies, the Cinema Advertising Association of the Philippines, Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas, Lapian ng mga Adbertaysing Praktisyoners na Pilipino sa Ikauunlad ng Sambayanan, the...
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...Running head: GENETIC DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, SCREENING, TREATMENT Genetic Disease Diagnosis, Screening, Treatment, Advocacy and Decision Making Linda Jefferson Western Governors University Contemporary Nursing Issues GNT1 December 16, 2012 Genetic Disease Diagnosis, Screening, Treatment, Advocacy and Decision Making Generally speaking, a pregnancy in today’s society is met with varying emotions ranging from devastation and fear to joy and excitement. Some expectant parents have conceived on accident, some carefully planned. Some expectant parents have conceived with no problems; while others have had difficulty. These parents often find themselves trying different methods and spending a great deal of their finances to increase their chances of conceiving. With that being the case, it is often devastating to finally conceive and find out that your child has a birth defect or a disease such as Tay Sachs. Tay Sachs is a genetic condition, usually found in Caucasians, and primarily those of Jewish descent, and develops in 25% of cases when both parents carry the recessive gene (National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases [NTSAD], n.d.). It’s a neurological disorder that effects brain development. Development of infants afflicted with this disease appears normal at first but soon deterioration of the child’s mental and physical abilities becomes apparent. This deterioration continues until most children afflicted with Tay-Sachs lose their battle for life...
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...Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 9 Emma Robertson PhD, Nalan Celasun PhD, Donna E. Stewart MD FRCPC CHAPTER 2: DETECTION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 71 Cindy-Lee Dennis RN PhD CHAPTER 3: THE EFFECT OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION ON THE MOTHER-INFANT RELATIONSHIP AND CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 197 Sherry L. Grace PhD, Stephanie Sansom MA CHAPTER 4: PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND...
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...helps determine whether certain treatments are worth being attempted and/or carried out. It also allows the patient to plan the rest of their lives and gives them the information they desire about their condition. The infant form of Krabbe disease is typically deadly before the age of two. They often die from respiratory failure or by complications of immobility and decreased muscle tone. Infants who accept the Cord Blood transfusion before the appearance of symptoms live longer lives. Those with late-onset Krabbe disease, usually live between 2 and 7 years after displaying symptoms. The same symptoms and rate of the nervous system’s break-down depends from person to person, even including individuals in the same family who have the same genetic mutations. • Krabbe disease affects approximately 1 in 100,000 people in the United States • The risk for a child would be as follows if each parent has one mutated copy of the gene: ⇒ 25 % chance getting two mutated duplicates would result in the disease ⇒ 50 % chance of receiving only one mutated copy would end in the child being a carrier of the mutation but would not result in obtaining the disease itself ⇒ 25% chance of inheriting two ordinary copies of the gene • There has also been a usually high incidence of 6 cases...
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...incompatibility, the mother's immune system may launch an immune response against the red blood cells of the fetus through the placenta, resulting in the destruction of the red blood cells (hemolysis). In the destruction of the red blood cells, the fetus can develop anemia. The red blood cell destruction ranges from mild to very severe, and fetal death from heart failure can occur, as well as life-threatening problems for future pregnancies. The Rhesus system (Rh) blood group antigen is responsible for most of the fatal cases of erythroblastosis fetalis, hence, the term Rh incompatibility disease. However, other alloimmune antigens belonging to the Kell (K and k), Duffy (Fya), Kidd (Jka and Jkb), MNSs (M, N, S, and s), Diego, Xg, P, Ee, Cc antigen systems, as well as other antigens may also produce the disease. Incompatibilities of Landsteiner (A, B and O) blood group systems do not cause erythroblastosis fetalis. A French midwife reported the first case of HDN in a set of twins, in 1609. In 1932, Diamond and colleagues described the relationship of fetal hydrops, jaundice, anemia, and erythroblasts (immature red blood cells) in the blood circulation, a condition later called erythroblastosis fetalis. Levine later determined the cause after Landsteiner and Weiner discovered the Rh blood group system in 1940. In 1953, Chown subsequently confirmed the pathogenesis...
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...Assignment 2 Term paper By Nicole Alonso CDD 2251-04 Speech Language Hearing Disorder Kean University November 26,2011 Introduction Detailed overview of disorder “Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. ( 1.PubMed Health, 2010)” Autism is also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD). “ Health care providers think of autism as a “spectrum” disorder, since it is a group of disorders with similar features. (National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, 2011 paragraph)” A child who has autism may have symptoms that span from mild to severe. There are several types of autism that fall under the spectrum. They include Aspergers Syndrome, RETT Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS). “These disorders are characterized in varying degrees, be it difficulties in social interaction, verbal and non- verbal communication and repetitive behaviors.” ( Autism Speaks, 2011) Aspergers syndrome is a high functioning form of autism. A child with Aspergers might have difficulty interacting with others, awkwardness, and display repetitive behaviors. “Rett syndrome is a disorder of the nervous system that leads to developmental reversals, especially in the areas of expressive language and hand use.” (2.PubMed Health,2010) Childhood...
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...dehydrationMod dehydrationSevere dehydrationReplacing ongoing losses | MAJOR TEACHING POINTS | NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | Teach parents at well childcare visits in first yearKeep 24 hour supply of ORT in homeBegin with first sign of diarrheaReplace with ½ cup ORT for each diarrheal stoolSeek medical attention prn signs or dehydrationAfter re-hydration resume breast/formula feeding or normal diet in the older childAdvise them never to try to formulate an OR solution themselves.Teach personal hygiene/ hand washingProper preparation and storage of breast milk or formulaCareful food preparationImmunization for RotavirusAvoid unnecessary antibiotic usage | Acute diarrhea is leading cause of illness in children <5 years (10’s of millions cases in US)65% of hospitalizations and 85% of...
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...can only tell if a baby is at risk of Down's Syndrome. Scientists from Cyprus, Greece and Britain said the new technique correctly identified 14 Down syndrome cases and 26 normal foetuses in a blind test. They believe it will also be possible to diagnose the condition earlier on. Study author Philippos Patsalis, of the Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, said: 'The method is simple and fast and easy to perform in every genetic diagnostic lab worldwide because it does not require expensive equipment, software or special infrastructure. 'The test is the first worldwide to demonstrate 100 per cent sensitivity and 100 per cent specificity in all normal and Down's syndrome pregnancies examined.' Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes physical and learning disabilities and raises the risk of heart disease. Infants with the condition have three copies of the Chromosome 21 instead of the normal two. It affects about one in every 700 live births but women of 40 are 16 times more likely to have a Down's child than a 25-year-old. At present all pregnant women are offered screening to see if their baby is at risk of Down's syndrome. For a firm diagnosis, doctors must take a sample of amniotic fluid or the placenta, which involves a 1 in 100 risk of miscarriage. Several research teams have published studies suggesting that analysing the mother's blood can detect Down syndrome in a foetus. There is no...
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...Causes Phenylketonuria (PKU) is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. Both parents must pass on the defective gene in order for a baby to have the condition. This is called an autosomal recessive trait. Babies with PKU are missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is needed to break down an essential amino acid called phenylalanine. The substance is found in foods that contain protein. Without the enzyme, levels of phenylalanine and two closely-related substances build up in the body. These substances are harmful to the central nervous system and cause brain damage. Symptoms Phenylalanine plays a role in the body's production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color. Therefore, infants with the condition often have lighter skin, hair, and eyes than brothers or sisters without the disease. Other symptoms may include: * Delayed mental and social skills * Head size significantly...
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...Tay-Sachs Disease Foreword: Before beginning to read this review of the case study, please note that current events of today pertain more to preconception screening for genetic anomalies and genetic studies. Today due to preconception genetic screening many parents opt to terminate a fetus with fatal or painful anomalies; therefore a large portion of the research for parents who are expecting a child with Tay Sachs Disease was noted to be during an approximate 30 year span from the mid-1950’s to the early-mid 1980’s, thus older citings will be noted. “Tay-Sachs parents say that their child dies three times—when the disease is diagnosed, when the child enters the hospital, and the final time.” (Atwater, 1964) “How do you parent without a net, without a future, knowing that you will lose your child, bit by torturous bit?” (Rapp, 2011) Will it be a boy or a girl? What color will the eyes, the hair be? Whose smile will the baby have? These are just a few of the many questions that begin when parents find out they have conceived a child, and most of the time the questions only grow as the pregnancy progresses too; what will they want to be when they grow up? Who will they look like? Will they be strong, graceful, independent, or determined? Should we look at preschools and colleges now? It may not seem to occur very often that parents will say to themselves; we never thought about how we might parent a child without a future. Now instead of questions that may focus on the...
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