...there are multiple abilities that are present in each person. He believed that even though all abilities are inherent in each individual, they are not all equally strong. Some learners are highly developed in some areas, moderately so in some and completely underdeveloped in others. The operation of the different abilities in different people is not only due to individual characteristics such as genetics but also due to environmental and cultural factors. The intelligences that Gardner distinguished are linguistic or verbal, logical-mathematic, spatial, musical, kinaesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal. He later added the eighth one being naturalistic. With the appropriate stimulation and support, each of these can be developed to a satisfactory level in each person even though different ones will remain stronger in different people. Linguistic/Verbal Intelligence Linguistic or otherwise known as verbal intelligence as defined by Gardner is the ability to speak or write well. In other words this form of intelligence indicates the ability to use words effectively, orally or in writing. Verbal intelligence includes the ability to manipulate the structure, meaning and practical use of language (Nieman and Monyai, 2006:86). Learners with this ability are good at using their words. They can use language to persuade people, communicate about issues and to remember things. They think...
Words: 1802 - Pages: 8
...What accents are normally considered as the modeling pronunciation among Chinese EFL learners? Which one is preferred, the British accent or the American accent? ii. What factors affect learners’ language ideologies in choosing so? iii. Is there any corelationship between learners’ attitudes towards those pronunciation models and their attitudes towards the Chinese English accent? Two testable hypotheses are proposed for the first two research questions, with the first one based on He’s (2004) attitude study in Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and the second one based on similar research conducted in Czech by Benková (2013). i. RP and GA are still considered as the English modeling pronunciation in China, and Chinese EFL learners are more inclined to learn the British accent. ii. Possible factors might be (1) the influence from schools and teachers, (2) learners’ contact with English (studying abroad experiences and chances to use English), (3) the influence of the mass media like music, movies, or TV...
Words: 735 - Pages: 3
...2.1 Influence: influence (noun): the power to affect someone or something. influence (verb): to influence someone or something is to have an effect on what they are or do. (Allen, 2003: 217). People are influenced by the things that surround them. This mostly refers to what we see and hear on a daily basis. Power leads one to influence people, no power leads one to be influenced. Power in this regard may refer mostly to money. Peer pressure is another form of influence, where one would do something to rather fit in, than take a stand and be different. It is easier to influence people who are uncertain about themselves and their values, than people who are self-assured. Often, peope who are less educated, feel inferior to those who are well educated. Therefore, uneducated people are often influenced by educated people. This is also seen in politices. The language we use, the clothes that we wear (fashion), our behavior or attitude etc. are all things that are influenced by the society we live in. Influence can either have a positive or a negative outcome. Social class: Social class has to do with ones’ place in society. People are ussually grouped into social classes according to the amount of money they make, but also on the education they have recieved. People with higher social status ussually have more influence over those with a lower social status. A person’s social status influences the way the live, dress, eat, speak, what they read, what music they...
Words: 1551 - Pages: 7
...Unique number 888608 WERKOPDRAGSKRYFBLOK - ASSIGNMENT WRITING PAD Tik -- Type Dosent se Kommentaar Tutorial Comments ETH305V – Assignment 2 Question 1: Theoretical background i) Prejudice Prejudice is a pre-held negative opinion, perception, or judgment a person holds or expresses against something or someone, without justification or analyzing facts. For example, when one meets a Muslim person, or sees someone dressed as a Muslim on a flight, one automatically perceives him/her to be a terrorist, and is suspicious or unreasonably “sure” that the Muslim person intends blowing up the plane. The negative perception was based purely on perception of the Muslim person‟s religious belief, and not by knowing the person personally etc., thus stereotyping deals with ill-informed description of people whilst prejudice is based on unjustifiable feelings towards someone. Social conflicts can be generated by racism, prejudice, and stereotyping; therefore efforts need to be made to reduce racist tendencies and prejudice in order to correct stereotyping. Ways of achieving this include more awareness education, and contact between the stereotyped and those who form stereotypes, as well as the accurate portrayal of individuals and groups in literature. ii) Stereotypes Stereotyping takes place when we conjure mental categories where one deposits people, items or events into conceptually specified groups. Stereotypes are formed as a result of the overload of experiences we have, and...
Words: 3651 - Pages: 15
...Introduction: The study aims at analyzing influence of different learning style in acquisition of upper intermediate Bangladeshi EFL learners. A two-phase interview was conducted in which Phase One included a self-created general questionnaire that was used to identify learner's profile, learning history and linguistic background. Phase Two consists of focused questions which are prepared by emphasizing on learning style, learning process, learning aid, learning environment and emotional state which help acquire language skills. In the processes of analyzing, researcher used a self-created questionnaire to find out what type of learner the interviewee is. Phase One interview took place at 3 p.m. August 2, 2014 at interviewee's residence at Banani, Dhaka. The researcher came to know about the interviewee Rameesa Y Chowdhury through a friend of her. Rameesa is her friend's cousin and she met her at her friend's place. After being informed about her educational background and proficiency level, researcher became interested in interviewing her. She made a call to her showing keen interest to take her interview. Rameesa happily agreed and said when she would be remained free to give interview. The Researcher also informed her that the interview would not have conducted in specific time and she can take as much as she needed for answering each question and the information that she provides through giving answers in interview will be audio recorded. Then he got her appointment to...
Words: 5236 - Pages: 21
...to look at their lives, because it provides opportunities to look for potential that was left behind in their early years of life, and which can be develop through programs. The majority of teachers have implemented activities that foster the different learning styles, but currently there are schools that depend on book-based teaching, and excessive repetition. As a result teachers label students as being smart or not by relying on just using one or two learnings style which may not be indicative of the student’s intelligence. (National Science Foundation, 2005) By recognizing and understanding the different learning styles educators can better understand the techniques to use with different students. The learning styles have more influence than a person might realize. A person best learning styles might guide the way they learn. The different learning styles also change the way a person represents experiences, and the way they retain information. According to researchers each learning style uses different parts of the brain. By using the different areas of the brain during learning, a person might remember more of what they learned. Researchers using technologies devises have been able to find out the key areas of the brain responsible for each learning style. For example; the occipital...
Words: 949 - Pages: 4
...This paper serves to discuss the benefits of music therapy for special needs students, and propose a method of providing music therapy to special education children in the public school system. Music therapy has proven to be beneficial to special needs learners in that it promotes motor skills, academic skills, communication skills, and social skills. These skills are essential for special needs students to obtain in order to function in an academic environment and in the world around them. Music therapy provides methods of helping exceptional students develop these skills and use them in the school setting. It is necessary that music therapy be provided in the general special education curriculum because there are numerous benefits. It can...
Words: 1880 - Pages: 8
...Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research ISSN: 2348 – 2052 , Vol. 1, Issue 2, Feb 2014 Available at: www.express‐journal.com The Cultural Agenda of Translation & Arabization: Aspects of the Problems by Dr. Ali Albashir Mohammed Al-haj Department of English Faculty of Arts& humanities Jazan University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract Translation is activity – a cultural activity at that-intended to widen the area of human understanding and communication with reference to general and specific information. The basic requirement relevant to good translation is that the translator must have a thorough knowledge of the cultures of both the source language and the target language. The translator needs not sit biting nails and rush to the dictionary every ten minutes. When it has been accepted that translation is not only important but also necessary to our Arab World, there is no point in pondering over the problems of translations. Cultural proximity is a big advantage for translators, it is rewarding for them to look for this when they choose their work. Arabization is part and parcel of the whole journey of the Arab societies to its roots. The starting-off point for any translator is their preferred future; in order to arrive at the destination then it is clearly important to know what the destination is. But it is perhaps better to think 1 Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research ...
Words: 3442 - Pages: 14
...Language Teaching Methodology Theodore S. Rodgers, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Background Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt's (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of "method" itself. Language Teaching Methodology Defined Methodology in language teaching has been characterized in a variety of ways. A more or less classical formulation suggests that methodology is that which links theory and practice. Theory statements would include theories of what language is and how language is learned or, more specifically, theories of second language acquisition (SLA). Such theories are linked to various design features of language instruction. These design features might include stated objectives, syllabus specifications, types of activities, roles of teachers, learners, materials, and so forth. Design features in turn are linked...
Words: 12744 - Pages: 51
...AbstractIAbstractPronunciation learning is very important in second language acquisition.However,thebasic knowledge of phonetics has been ignored.Pupils in Hebei province begin to learnEnglish in grade three in the primary school.But there is no systematic knowledge ofphonetics in the textbooks.Phonetics learning needs not only the phonics imitation method,but also the basic knowledge about phonetics.However,with the influence of quality-orientededucation and the western language teaching mode,pronunciation teaching in China tends touse the imitation method and the basic knowledge of phonetics is undervalued.It is worth tonotice that English acquisition environment for Chinese students is different from the West.First,English teachers in China are mostly Chinese.Even if there are foreign teachers,theforeigners teaching force is relatively weak.Second,the language surrounding to the studentsis mainly in Chinese.And students in the oral English class are not active to participate andinteract.Moreover,English belongs to Indo-European language system,while Chinesebelongs to Sino-Tibetan language system.They belong to different language families andthere are many differences in tone,syllable and phoneme.Thus the negative influence ofChinese on the English acquisition is great.Without any basic knowledge of phonetics,thelearners will meet lots of difficulties when they learn a new language which is quite differentfrom their mother tongue.Therefore,the Chinese phonetic teaching only...
Words: 17475 - Pages: 70
...60 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand effective communication, the barriers that may exist and ways to overcome these. The unit will give learners the opportunity to gain the interpersonal skills needed to embark on a career within the health or social care sectors. Unit introduction This is a core unit within the programme, recognising the fact that effective communication is central to all work in the health and social care sectors. Professionals within the sectors require good communication and interpersonal skills to perform their roles effectively, work cooperatively with colleagues and build supportive relationships with people using services. It is, therefore, important for all those embarking on a career in the health or social care sectors to gain knowledge, understanding and the skills associated with communication, so that they are able to develop effective interpersonal skills. Initially, learners will investigate what is meant by effective communication and interpersonal skills and how these may affect the outcomes for people who use services. Learners will consider the factors that influence communication and interactions, analysing theories which may help to explain why there may be difficulties, possible breakdowns in communication and ways to overcome these. The benefits of effective communication for people who use services will be explored. The unit will give learners opportunities to reflect on their performance...
Words: 3827 - Pages: 16
...when they hear people ask what their philosophy of education is. This paper offers techniques and strategies that educators can implement when writing their personal philosophies. Also included in this paper are my belief statements on my personal philosophy on education. Lastly, my paper discusses the influences that have helped shaped my philosophy on education. “Your personal philosophy is not just a written statement. It is a perspective that involves your beliefs and values and becomes the basis from which you make decisions about what is important and about your role as an educator” (Armstrong, Henson, & Savage, 2009, p. 278). Through experience and research I wholeheartedly believe that developmentally appropriate practice is the best model for early childhood education. Children learn exceptionally well when in an environment that encourages play and exploration. Being a part of a preschool program it is my goal that the environment should provide experiences that are interactive and engaging for the age levels of the children it serves. Play is a powerful tool that benefits children’s intellectual, social, emotional, physical and language development. Writing a teaching philosophy can be a very daunting task, Montell (2003) suggests, “reflecting on what you don't like can give you insights about what you do like," and that can help you to define your own teaching philosophy and goals.” Therefore, below are various statements that I feel...
Words: 1482 - Pages: 6
...styles and preferences have great influence on the way an individual will learn. Your individual preferred learning styles “can guide the way you learn and change the way you internally represent experiences, the way you recall information, and even the words you choose” (Brown, 2003, para. 1). Learning styles group ways that people learn and describe strategies that help with learning. Some people find that they have one main style of learning. Others will find that they use different styles in different circumstances. There is no right or wrong style. By being able to recognized and understand your personal learning preferences, you can use strategies better suited to you. This will improve the speed and quality of your learning experiences. The VARK learning styles questionnaire is a tool that can help learners identify their preferred learning styles. VARK learning styles, consist of four styles of learning preferences. Visual learning (pictures, movies, diagrams), auditory learning (music, discussion, lectures), reading and writing (making lists, reading textbooks, taking notes), and kinesthetic learning (movement, experiments, hands-on activities) complete these styles (Cherry, 2014). After completing the VARK questionnaire the author discovered that her prefer learning style was multimodal. Aural and read-write were equally strong focuses for her, which VARK puts into the category multimodal (Fleming, 2011). An aural or auditory learner learns by hearing information...
Words: 804 - Pages: 4
...которого предоставляет неотъемлемую возможность людям, которые хотят преуспеть в современном информационном веке. А использование средств массовой информации в обучении английскому языкому способствует достижению высокого уровня овладения языком. В данной статъе рассматриваютя важность и преимущества применение средств массовой информации в обучении английскому языку. English is an international language, the knowledge of which represents a great advantage for people who want to succeed in the New Media Age. And the use of mass media in learning English will definitely lead to mastering English. This present article focuses on the importance and benefits of teaching English through mass media. Key words: Mass media, teaching English, information, LSRW skills The mass media play an active part in every society around the world. This has had a big influence on people's lifestyles, ways of behaving and interaction, and it is quite indisputable that they are important and active participants of our postmodern society: newspapers, the radio, press and television influence people’s likes and attitudes towards different things. Bestsellers, mega hits, celebrity idolatry, fashion obsession… and many other phenomena create a great scale of emotional similarity among people. As can be seen,...
Words: 1796 - Pages: 8
...Word Association What can It Tell Us about Vocabulary Acquisition ? Robin Russ Introduction Vocabulary is central to communicating in a foreign language. Without sufficient words to express a wide variety of meanings, communicating in a foreign language cannot happen in a meaningful way (McCarthy, 1990). As such, vocabulary acquisition is a primary concern for Japanese foreign language learners, and it is a main focus of their interest and attention. A casual survey of what Japanese university students find most difficult about sustaining even short conversations in English often elicits responses such as “I can't express my ideas” and “I don't have the words”, or self admonishments such as “I was stuck for a word many times” or “I should know more English words”. In spite of having acquired a large English lexis for high school examination purposes, when students are “off the page” and speaking extemporaneously, even about familiar everyday topics, they experience firsthand the limitations of their productive vocabulary. Engaged by a class activity yet restricted by insufficient vocabulary, a common expedient is to revert to speaking in Japanese. How is language organized and what are the mechanisms that allow us to retrieve the words we know immediately and correctly? Psycholinguistic studies have shown that words are not stored in the mental lexicon as single independent items but form clusters or webs with other related concepts so that words acquire their...
Words: 3169 - Pages: 13
