...opposing forces who engage one another using conventional weapon systems and tactics, in order to degrade or destroy their opponents abilities to operate. Due to the superior capacity of coalition forces both economically, and tactically, the way in which the enemy operates in current theatre has deviated from conventional forms of fighting. Enemy Insurgents use unconventional warfare in their fighting tactics, and this irregular warfare involves many actors from civilian population to enemy combatants, and resources. Because of the fast changing wartime climate, the DoD has developed policy that was nonexistent a mere ten years ago. The DoD has developed the Counter Insurgency Initiatives in order to implement policy that gives guidance to actors involved in current theatre combat operations. Insurgency is the organized use of subversion and violence, to seize, nullify, or challenge political control of a region (COIN Initiative 2009). Counterinsurgency (COIN) places great demands on the ability of bureaucracies to work together with allies, and more increasingly non-governmental organizations (bureau of Military-Political Affairs Jan 2009). According to the Coin Initiative, efforts must be placed on local and national government structure, who serve their populations, and...
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...Have you ever had to make a life or death decision? Well, this is what Katniss has to do in the novel, Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins. She must decide whether or not to rebel against the Capitol of her country. She knows she wants to get revenge on the Capitol, but feels conflicted when she knows she will kill many innocent people along the way. The title of the novel is a perfect fit and makes sense when you take a look at the plot of the story. It is the ultimate fit because, like a mockingjay, Katniss can pick things up quickly, she is tough as rocks:) (Simile), and is rebellious. Katniss must choose if she wants to be the Mockingjay, also known as rebellion leader, against the Capitol. She ends up choosing to because she wants to destroy the Capitol. The mockingjay is quite an interesting bird that can learn things quickly and understand them. Katniss matches these characteristics as well as a peanut butter to jelly:) (Simile). Katniss can take any field of life a pick up on it almost instantly. She shows this is in the novel when she has to think fast in her actions and decisions. Katniss is not used to organizing groups of people since she is normally a shy person, she has to learn how to step out of her comfort zone. This is just one example of many other things Katniss must change and adapt quickly to. It is clear she is troubled: “How can I help the districts when every time I make a move, it results in suffering and loss of life”(Collins 12). She has to learn to let...
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...defeated. “After eight years of fighting, two things seem clear: First, the insurgency does not have the capability to defeat U.S. forces or depose Afghanistan’s central government; and, second, U.S. forces do not have the ability to completely eliminate the insurgency.” Thus, the question is no longer how to militarily defeat those we find repellant, but rather how to politically engage nationalist insurgents in a way that ultimately prevents the propagation of future international terrorists. This policy paper addresses the virtual stalemate between insurgents and counterinsurgents and prescribes political compromise as an alternative to the failed counterinsurgent strategies in Afghanistan. The inability of ‘Deterrence strategy’ or ‘Hearts and Minds strategy’ to produce results underscores the impotence of COIN. I argue against the question: the insurgents cannot be defeated; to achieve our stated objective, we must bring the insurgents to the political bargaining table and jointly combat the terrorists that hinder the legitimacy of their national cause. This paper seeks to advance this policy as the most resourceful and self-sufficient solution to producing stability in Afghanistan. Total victory for either side is impossible: the insurgency does not have the capability to defeat U.S. forces or depose Afghanistan’s central government; and furthermore, U.S. forces have failed to eradicate the insurgency. Given recent government estimates and testimonies of strategists such as...
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...February 2009 Managing Separatist Insurgencies Insights from Northeastern India Walter C. Ladwig III Predoctoral Fellow Miller Center of Public Affairs University of Virginia A paper prepared for International Studies Association Annual Conference 16-18 February 2009 New York ***Note: This paper is a provisional study of India’s attempts to manage separatist insurgency movements in the Northeast, consequently it provides only a preliminary analysis of the counterinsurgency campaigns in Mizoram and Nagaland.*** 1 From the time of its independence in 1947, India has been plagued by a host of separatist movements as the central government has struggled to integrate a number of religious, racial and ethnic groups into a single multicultural state. Impressively, despite facing a multitude of secessionist movements, India has yet to lose any of its territory. This paper examines the Indian government’s response to the outbreak of separatist violence in Nagaland and Mizoram in the state of Assam. Not only were these insurgencies the Republic of India’s first experience with the phenomenon of separatist insurgency, they were among the most severe. They required an untested government and military to adapt to a form of political warfare with which they had little experience. Through a process of trial and error, India developed an approach to political violence in the Northeast that would guide its response to future insurgencies. The Mizo case is also significant because...
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...May 23, 2013 Nick Farnsworth The 2003 Iraq War Operation Iraqi Freedom List sides, including U.S. allies: The Iraq war was an armed conflict that took place in the country of Iraq. The conflict consisted of two phases. The first was an invasion of Iraq to overthrow the then ruling Baathist Iraq government. The first phase of the invasion started on March, 20 2003 and was led by the United States and a collation of the following countries: United Kingdom; Australia; Poland; Peshmerga Collation Iraq Force; (Later becoming ruling government of Iraq during phase two of the war) It was followed by a longer phase of fighting, in which, other collation countries participated in the fighting against an insurgency force that opposed collation forces and the newly formed Iraqi government. The following 38 countries were the remaining collation forces that participated in phase two of the conflict: El Salvador; Estonia; Romania; Albania; Azerbaijan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Georgia; Kazakhstan; South Korea; Latvia; Lithuania Macedonia; Moldova; Mongolia; Macedonia; Moldova; Mongolia; Singapore; Thailand; Tonga; Ukraine; Denmark; Slovakia; Italy; Japan; Norway; Netherlands; Dominican Republic; Portugal; Honduras; Hungary; Iceland; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Philippines Spain. These collation forces were opposed during phase two of the war by the following military entities: Baath Party Loyalists; Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation; Sunni Insurgents;...
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...Money flows to the group, the Nusra Front, from like-minded donors abroad. Its fighters, a small minority of the rebels, have the boldness and skill to storm fortified positions and lead other battalions to capture military bases and oil fields. As their successes mount, they gather more weapons and attract more fighters. The group is a direct offshoot of Al Qaeda in Iraq, Iraqi officials and former Iraqi insurgents say, which has contributed veteran fighters and weapons. “This is just a simple way of returning the favor to our Syrian brothers that fought with us on the lands of Iraq,” said a veteran of Al Qaeda in Iraq, who said he helped lead the Nusra Front’s efforts in Syria. The United States, sensing that time may be running out for Syria’s president, Bashar al-Assad, hopes to isolate the group to prevent it from inheriting Syria or fighting on after Mr. Assad’s fall to pursue its goal of an Islamic state. As the United States pushes the Syrian opposition to organize a viable alternative government, it plans to blacklist the Nusra Front as a terrorist organization, making it illegal for Americans to have financial dealings with the group and most likely prompting similar sanctions from Europe. The hope is to remove one of the biggest obstacles to increasing Western support for the rebellion: the fear that money and arms could flow to a jihadi group that could further destabilize Syria and harm Western interests. When rebel commanders met Friday in Turkey to...
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...solutions, and which could sometimes be unsavourily politics or media driven, by undertaking security-led governance cum development action. Countering the Naxals 2 India has been engaged in combating internal threats including armed rebellions since independence. It has applied a different approach in each situation, and over time has evolved principles, guidelines and procedures to deal with these challenges. It has learned that counterinsurgency campaigns are not just about winning wars, but about controlling the political violence at levels that enable the initiation of peace initiatives and the creation of an environment conducive to foster dialogue and negotiations. It has been fairly successful in handling the border state insurgencies, but the Naxal uprising poses an altogether different problem. A spate of violent incidents in recent months have raised a renewed demand for deployment of the Army, the use of Air Force in a support role, enhancement of the central government’s mandate and a review of the development agendas in the affected states. A section of civil society,...
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...SITUATION: Recent HUMINT sources have indicated that there is a large Insurgent cell operating in the town of McKenna. They are currently occupying two buildings on the eastern side of the town GL06528372. This insurgent cell is focused on emplacing IEDs on the MSRs and on any area with a high concentration of Coalition Force traffic. They also employ snipers to harass friendly patrols in the BN AO. ENEMY FORCES: Composition: The Cell of insurgent is estimated at 20 men of ages 20 to 35. They operate in 2-3 men teams. The group has been seen operating 2 x Toyota pickups and 2 x Mazda sedans. The insurgents have an unknown number of AK-47s, AKMs, RPG-7s, and Dragunov sniper rifles, as well as an assortment of handguns and explosives. Strength: The enemy has the ability to blend in with the local population and an extensive knowledge of its operating environment. Capabilities: The enemy has the ability to displace very quickly and to blend with the local population making it difficult to discern civilians from the insurgents. With the number of men in the cell it is possible for the enemy to affect a formidable defense using the two buildings they are occupying as a strong hold. Most Probable Course of Action: If friendly forces are detected by the enemy prior to the raid of target area the enemy’s most probable course of action will be to attempt to flee the town of McKenna or to attempt to blend in with local population to avoid capture. Most Dangerous Course of...
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...Marine Division launched an attack into the city as a response. Operation Vigilant Resolve, also known as the First Battle of Fallujah, was unsuccessful. Local press portrayed U.S. forces as bombing mosques and killing innocent civilians (Lira, 2009.) Multiple Iraqi government member resignations and international outcry resulted in all offensive operation being halted 7 days later. By the end of the month all Marines were withdrawn from the city. Control was given to an organization of former Iraqi military members, local residents and insurgents called the "Fallujah Brigade." This was later deemed as a failed experiment and the situation in Fallujah became worse (Knarr, 2009.) Over the next several months Fallujah became a symbol of the insurgencies resistance to coalition forces (Knarr, 2009.) Fallujah also became the "nucleus of insurgent IO campaigns" (Knarr, 2009) in response to Abu Ghraib and other incidents. With the upcoming January 2005 elections it became critical that something be done in Fallujah. Starting in September 2004 the 1st Marine Division began a deliberate planning process to secure the city. During 1st Marine Division planning process it was determined that additional troops were required. 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry and 2nd Infantry Regiment were attached for the duration of the operation. Human intelligence collection on the city proved difficult due to insurgents having multiple months establishing dominance over the city. By October, through a series of...
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...ARMY AVIATION OPERATIONS IN LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT Introduction “Foot slogging” by infantrymen has been most important and fundamental to address an insurgency; however, there are limitations to their mobility. To increase their versatility, the Portuguese introduced two contrasting means, the helicopter and the horse. While there were other, more conventional solutions to the mobility problem, such as trucks, jeeps, and light armored cars, these vehicles required at least crude roads, had other terrain limitations, and were vulnerable to land mines. The advent of the helicopter and its application in counter-insurgency began with the British in Malaya on 1 April 1950, with the formation of the Far East Casualty Air Evacuation Flight at Seletar with strength of three Westland S-51 Dragonfly helicopters. During the Malayan Emergency the British used their helicopters primarily for casualty evacuation and later for airlifting troops. Question that looms ahead for the future, no matter what the outcome in Jammu and Kashmir, and North Eastern States, is how the army aviation succeeds against fierce insurgency in strategy and capabilities. The Taliban’s resurgence, tenacious resistance against NATO forces in Afghanistan, Al Qaeda’s ability to elude United States forces, and the trouble Israel has had in trying to subdue violence in tiny Southern Lebanon (Hezbollah) and tinier Gaza (Hamas) deepen concern that even world’s finest militaries have problems against any kind...
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...|The Haqqani network, a feared insurgent group in Afghanistan allied with the Taliban militants, is not only a "veritable arm" of Pakistan's primary | |Inter-Services Intelligence Agency [ISI], according to the outgoing chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Michael Mullen, but also that the ISI helped | |Afghan militants to carry out a terrorist attack against the coalition soldiers and the U.S. Embassy in Kabul. Mullen added that America's fragile relations with| |Pakistan will deteriorate even futher: "I worry that the relationship [with Pakistan] will be in tougher shape down the road than it is now," Mullen said just | |few days before throwing a bombshell that made the Pakistani government furious. | |"The Haqqani Network—which has long enjoyed the support and protection of the Pakistani government and is, in many ways, a strategic arm of Pakistan's | |Inter-Services Intelligence Agency—is responsible for the September 13th attacks against the U.S. Embassy in Kabul. There is ample evidence confirming that the | |Haqqanis were behind the June 28th attack against the Inter-Continental Hotel in Kabul and the September 10th truck bomb attack that killed five Afghans and | |injured another 96 individuals, 77 of whom were U.S. soldiers," Muller said on September 22, in front of a Senate committee, adding in his testimony that "in | |supporting these groups...
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...Lessons from a Successful Counterinsurgency: The Philippines, 1899-1902 TIMOTHY K. DEADY “It should be the earnest and paramount aim of the military administration to win the confidence, respect, and affection of the inhabitants of the Philippines . . . and by proving to them that the mission of the United States is one of benevolent assimilation, substituting the mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule.” — President William McKinley 21 December 1898 T he United States topples an unsavory regime in relatively brief military action, suffering a few hundred fatalities. America then finds itself having to administer a country unaccustomed to democratic self-rule. Caught unawares by an unexpectedly robust insurgency, the United States struggles to develop and implement an effective counterinsurgency strategy. The ongoing US presidential campaign serves as a catalyst to polarize public opinion, as the insurrectionists step up their offensive in an unsuccessful attempt to unseat the incumbent Republican President. These events—from a century ago—share a number of striking parallels with the events of 2003 and 2004. The Philippine Insurrection of 18991902 was America’s first major combat operation of the 20th century. The American policy of rewarding support and punishing opposition in the Philippines, called “attraction and chastisement,” was an effective operational strategy. By eliminating insurgent resistance, the campaign successfully set the conditions necessary...
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...School Girl Attacks Transcript Characters: Narrator: Jim Beseda, Zahira, Translator, Soldier, Colonel, & Principal NARRATOR Thirteen year old, Zahira, always looked forward to school to science class and athletics until one morning last month walking to the school in Kandahar with her older cousin, Chauncy. Here just outside the school her life changed. TRANSLATOR It was Wednesday; we were coming home from school when men on motor bikes drove by and threw something on our face. NARRATOR Zahira thought it was water just a prank until it started to sting. TRANSLATOR My skin became green then white and I knew something was really wrong. NARRATOR Her cousin screamed and passed out. She and five other girls were hospitalized with burns all victims of a cruel acid attack by militants. In the eyes of the Taliban girls are unholy if they go to school. SOLDIER It’s an event that really shook this place up to be quite frank. NARRATOR For Colonel Mike Valon, a former training…Afghan police here it was an atrocity. COLONEL Seeing this happen to children just trying to go to school and get an education and trying to better themselves and be a part of the future success of this country. NARRATOR There have been hundreds of school related attacks in Afghanistan over the past year alone but nothing like this. Kandahar police say that they have arrested four suspects but refuse to allow us to see them. NARRATOR Who does she think did this? TRANSLATOR The enemy did it. NARRATOR...
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...OPORD 01 (DEATH OF A GENTELMAN) References: a) Operation Order (OPORD) 01-10 ALC-RAID b) Map Series: Fort Benning, 1:50,000 c) TIMEZONE: Romeo (Local) TASK ORGANIZATION1/A/3-15 MECH | | | | | 1/1/A | 2/1/A | 3/1/A | HQ/1/A | Bradley 1 | Bradley 2 | PSG | PL | | | Bradley 7 | FO TEAM | | | | Bradley 6 | 1. SITUATION. Recent HUMINT sources have indicated that there is a large Insurgent’s Cell operating in the town of McKenna. The insurgents are conducting disruption operations in our AO by planting IEDs and conducting sniper operations to harass and kill Coalition Forces as they conduct their daily operations. The 3rd Battalion 11th Infantry Regiment will conduct a Raid on the suspected insurgent cell in the town of McKenna to prevent further disruption of daily operations, to seize any bomb making material, capture or kill insurgents, and collect any intelligence information that could lead to further elimination of the insurgent threat in our AO. B.A. ENEMY. 2.2.1. DISPOSITION: Insurgents appear to have established a base of operation in the town of McKenna IOT disrupt the freedom of movement of Coalition Forces responsible for providing security, training, and operational support to the ANA in the AO. The insurgents are currently occupying two buildings on the eastern side of the town, grid GL06528372.They are using one building as a safe house and the other to produce IEDs. This group of insurgents is focused on...
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...FAHOC TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES LTD A SUBSIDIARY OF A.J.C VENTURES LTD RC896874 OFFICE: 18 UKWA STREET INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT ENUGU TEL: 08034775856, E-MAIL: info.fahoctech@yahoo.com, adminfahoctechltd@gmail.com COMPANY PROFILE Fahoc technology services is an IT based company that is specialised in ICT services with special priority in security Engineering. Our services include ICT consultancy and training, supply of office equipment, * CCTV/SECURITY CAMERA INSTALLATION: This acts as a surveillance system too. IP BASE OR ANALOGUE CAMERAA are used together with an alarm (which is optional) the IP base cameras are fixed and connected to internet system which enables a manager, director or whoever is monitoring see all that is happening within and around the office even if he is not around all he has to do is just log on to the internet and he sees everything that is going on. It is connected to a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) which ha the ability to record such that you can see what had happened in your absence. * SOLAR AND INVERTER INSTALLATION: * COMPUTER NETWORKING: In today’s world, we are all connected.people with ideas can communicate instantlywith others to make the ideas a reality. News, events, and discoveries are known worldwide in seconds. Everyone has a chance to connect, to share and to make a difference. As participats in this human network, we are more powerful together than any of us could be apart. The human network has...
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