...CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR AFTER 9/11 Dr. Hidayat Khan∗ Abstract Pakistan’s contribution to the “War on Terror” far exceeds its strength and size. Pakistan lost more than 35000 lives to save American people from another 9/11 attack. Pakistan’s economic loss amounted to 67 billion US dollars but still the US is not satisfied with Pakistan’s performance and pressurizes it to “Do More.” In this situation what should Pakistan do as a sovereign state? At the same time what is the international community’s responsibility towards Pakistan as a partner in this global war? The United States (US) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have been fighting against the Taliban for the last decade but the war is nowhere near its end. This study is an exploration of the question whether war is the solution or the problem? Key Words: War on Terror, World Response, Pakistan’s Contribution, Operations, Agreements. Background P akistan has always played a constructive role in the United Nations (UN) — it is one of its largest net troop contributors and its active role in the solution of world issues is internationally recognized. It borders three major strategic regions; South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East, and its geographical proximity to Afghanistan has made it an important partner of the United States. Pakistan has played a significant role, both during the Cold War and as a non-NATO member in the US-led “War on Terror” against al Qaeda and the Taliban. After...
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...[pic] The disputed areas of the region of Kashmir. India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmirbased on an instrument of accession signed in 1947. Pakistanclaims all areas of the erstwhile state except for those claimed by China. China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin. |[show] | |v | | | |d | | | |e | |Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts | | | The Kashmir conflict (Hindi: कश्मीर विवाद, Urdu: مسئلہ کشمیر) is a territorial disputebetween India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the northwesternmost region ofSouth Asia. India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and as of 2010, administers approximately 43% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley,Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier. India's claims are contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 37% of Kashmir, namely Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan. India has officially stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India...
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...INSURGENCIES: A NIGHTMARE FOR INDIA – ANALYSIS APRIL 12, 2011 MASOOD-UR-REHMAN KHATTAK 2 COMMENTS By Masood-Ur-Rehman Khattak “It would not be an exaggeration to say that the problem of Naxalism is the single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country” – Dr. Manmohan Singh, Indian PM Internal security of India is in disarray. Insurgencies in India are gaining momentum, making things worse for the Indian government. India is facing serious insurgencies in the Northeast, Kashmir and other parts. Northeastern India consists of 7 states: Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland. More than 30 armed groups are continuously challenging the Indian government’s writ in these areas. The insurgency which started in the northern part of West Bengal has now spread to Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. The Indian government has been failed to overcome this issue. Hundreds of people have lost their lives in this insurgency, but still there is no end to this uprising. According to South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP) more than 1,897 people have lost their lives in northeast India in last two years. These numbers are alarming for India. Lack of Political dispensation, health facilities, schools, hospitals, electricity, roads, communication, injustice, inequality and basic necessities compelled tribal people of these areas to revolt against the largest democracy in the world. Some groups in these...
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... Ordinance 1982 Any part of this publication can be used or cited with clear reference to Vision21 By Vision21 Foundation Website: http://www.thevision21.org/ Blog: http://awaam.wordpress.com g p p Phone: 92‐51‐250 5030 Fax: 92‐51‐550 1288 Email: info@thevision21.org BALOCHISTAN PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS CONTENTS Preface • Introduction • British Era and Sandeman System • Since 1947 Since 1947 • Reasons for the conflict • Provincial Autonomy & Ethnic Culture • Resource Exploitation • Deprivation and Lack of Development lag • Government’s Neglect Government s Neglect • Role of Sardars • Religious Extremism • External Factors and Geo Politics • History of the conflicts • The Current Insurgency and Baloch Nationalism The Current Insurgency and Baloch • Insurgency and ‘Geo‐Politics of Energy Resources’ • Insurgent Groups in Balochistan • Settlers issue & current situation in Balochistan • Pakhtun Factor • Liberation and Viability: Is independent Balochistan viable? y p • Possible consequences for independent Balochistan and divided Pakistan • Questions for Baloch Nationalists and Insurgents • Balochistan Package (see appendix B) • Solution: What needs to be done? • C l i Conclusion • References Appendices Appendix A: Blochistan Provinces pp Appendix B: Aghaz‐e‐Huqooq‐e‐Balochistan Package PREFACE Balochistan history since the time of the formation of the country represents an unending narrative of the...
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...construction of a pipeline, led by U.S. oil company Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan by several international oil companies along with the Government of Turkmenistan. In January 1998, the Taliban, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor Bridas Corporation, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian Gazprom relinquished its 10% stake in the project. Unocal withdrew from the consortium on 8 December 1998. The new deal on the pipeline was signed on 27 December 2002 by the leaders of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2005, the Asian Development Bank submitted the final version of a feasibility study designed by British company Penspen. ‘Since the US-led offensive that ousted the Taliban...
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...the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In the 1980s, the Services Office--run by bin Laden and the Palestinian religious scholar Abdullah Assam--recruited, trained, and financed thousands of foreign mujahedeen, or holy warriors, from more than fifty countries. Bin Laden wanted these fighters to continue the "holy war" beyond Afghanistan. He formed al-Qaeda around 1988. Where does al-Qaeda operate? There is no single headquarters. From 1991 to 1996, al-Qaeda worked out of Pakistan along the Afghan border, or inside Pakistani cities. During the Taliban's reign al-Qaeda shifted its base of operations into Afghanistan. To escape the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan, al-Qaeda's leadership once again sought refuge in Pakistan's tribal areas after September 11, 2001. Analysts also believe bin Laden's group is training or has trained most of the terrorist groups in Pakistan's tribal areas; it has introduced its practice of suicide bombings to both the Afghan and the Pakistani Taliban, as well as affiliated...
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...POLICY BRIEF SUMMARY SHAPING EUROPE’S AFGHAN SURGE Daniel Korski Unnoticed by many, the last few years have seen something of a European military surge in Afghanistan. Since late 2006, 18 of the 25 EU countries participating in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), NATO’s Afghan mission, have increased their troop contributions, and as a result EU member states now account for 43% of ISAF’s total deployment. This military surge has been accompanied by a steady growth in European efforts to contribute to Afghanistan’s reconstruction, from development aid to police training – although not every EU member state is pulling its weight. These measures have made the EU a major stakeholder in Afghanistan. Yet the EU’s real impact on the country has been limited. In the face of a likely request from the Obama administration to do more, European governments should now formulate a hard-headed political strategy as a complement to the coming US military surge. Introduction President Barack Obama and his secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, have made it clear that they expect a significant enhancement of the European effort in Afghanistan. The issue is likely to be viewed in Washington as a litmus test of whether the Europeans can be taken seriously as strategic partners. Obama’s strategy in Afghanistan is likely to include an attempt to “regionalise” the issue, involving some kind of dialogue with Iran and efforts to bring India, the Gulf states and the central Asian...
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...the form of executions, bombardment and disappearances, horrendous tortures, injuries, crimes against women, destruction of property, businesses and the list goes on [Ref 1]. No value can ever be assigned to the psychological losses. So far India has refused visits by Amnesty International to investigate and report impartially. We have also to take into account other costs. The purpose of this exercise is to highlight the seriousness of the issue and to prove Pakistan’s commitment to the cause. The Kashmir issue has involved direct expenditure in terms of resources: military, diplomatic, journalistic and so on. Resources, that could have been better spent for mitigating and solving other pressing problems both for Kashmiris and for Pakistanis, e.g. agriculture, education, health, roads, industry, tourism, dams etc. In addition there have been tremendous indirect expenditures involving frustration, loss of productivity, etc. impacting many other aspects of life. Although no figures for cumulative expenditures are available but it is estimated to run into hundreds...
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...Islamic Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Study of Terror Jason Schrand HSM 305: Survey of Homeland Security & Emergency Mgmt Instructor: Blake Cheary October 6, 2013 The phrase "Islamic Terrorist" conjures many images for different people. Many will recollect the acts of September 11, 2001 - the act of terror that led the United States first into an invasion of the Taliban-controlled nation of Afghanistan and then into the "Second Gulf War" with Iraq. While both wars made great progress toward the initial goals, namely the overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Hussein dictatorship in Iraq, as the years went by and the war dragged on, seemingly endlessly, the Islamic groups faced by the United States and her Allies seemed to be wearing down the civilian desire to continue to wage war. What American civilians do not seem to understand is that not only does the multitude of groups have very nearly the same goals, but they are also willing to die for their cause and will be almost impossible to defeat unless they are hunted and destroyed. A study of the Islamic terror groups must include historic examples; Islamic extremism is not a recent development, nor has the ideology of the extremist believers changed much since the Islamic Conquests began in the 7th Century. In F.M. Mickolus' work International Terrorism in the 1980's, Mickolus wrote that since 1968 alone two-thirds of the known incidents of terrorism in the world had occurred in...
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...State terrorism is often a neglected phenomenon in terrorism studies. Discuss how terrorism has been used as a weapon by states over the past 50 years. Is state terrorism fundamentally different from non-state terrorism? Introduction Within this essay I will discuss how states have used terrorism as a weapon over the past 50 to achieve strategic goals. I will then go on to discuss whether it is fundamentally different from non-state terrorism. To start with we must understand what is meant by a weapon. Encyclopaedia Britannica defines a weapon as “An instrument used in combat for the purpose of killing, injuring, or defeating an enemy.” (Britannica 2013). The Oxford English dictionary defines weapon as “An instrument of any kind used in warfare or in combat to attack and overcome an enemy.” (OED 2013). It is clear from both definitions that a weapon is used in combat against an enemy to overcome them. The act is deliberate in such that it is intentional, not by accident. Therefore this essay will examine cases that terrorism is used by the state deliberately, there must be “mens rea” present. Some states can also be defined as a failed state “A state that is failing has several attributes. One of the most common is the loss of physical control of its territory or a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Other attributes of state failure include the erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions, an inability to provide reasonable public services...
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...independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As part of historical Shimla Agreement, India sought to make sure that Pakistan would take steps to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan sought China's help in blocking Bangladesh's entry into United Nations until 1974. Behind the scene India rallied behind Bangladesh to help gain international recognition. By end of March 1973, approximately 99 countries had recognized Bangladesh.[1] Pakistan eventually recognised Bangladesh in 1974. History Liberation war and independence After the partition of British Indian Empire by the United Kingdom in 1947, Bangladesh was integrated in Pakistan which was known as East Bengal until 1955 and thereafter as East-Pakistan following the One Unit program. Bilateral relations between the two wings grew strained over the lack of official recognition for the Bengali language, democracy, regional autonomy, disparity between the two wings, ethnic discrimination, and the central government's weak and inefficient relief efforts after the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had affected millions in East Pakistan. These grievances led to several political agitations in East Bengal and ultimately a fight for full independence. In March 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces began "Operation Searchlight," which targeted intellectuals, political activists, Hindus and other minorities.[2] The figure of people killed by Pakistani forces remains disputed, with estimates ranging from 300,000...
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...The Emergence of Bangladesh By Waqas Aleem Mughal October 22, 2002 Summary A. Introduction B. Causes: International Scenario C. Causes: Political Situation 1. Attitude of Muslim League 2. Constitutional Deadlock 3. Absence of Strong Bond 4. Regional Politics 5. Provincial Elections 1954 6. Violation of 1956 Constitution 7. General Elections 1970 8. Boycott of National Assembly Session 9. Mujeeb’s Six Points D. Causes: National Issues 1. Economic Backwardness of E. Pakistan 2. Domination of Hindus 3. Role of Hindu Teachers 4. Urdu – Bengali Controversy 5. Crushing of Democratic Institutions E. Causes: Atrocities in East Pakistan F. Causes: Indian Hostility G. Critical Analysis The Instrument of Surrender Read Time: 12 Minutes Readability Statistics Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 12 * Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Score: Rates text on a U.S. grade-school level. A score of 8.0 means that an eighth grader can understand the document. The Emergence of Bangladesh By Waqas Aleem Mughal October 22, 2002 Histories of nations are often marked with ruthless wounds. Time passes by but its scars never vanish. December 16, 1971 being the darkest day in the history of Pakistan ended with...
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...In 2002, the amount of tourist visas was given to Pakistani civilians dropped almost 70% and immigrant visas fell almost 40%. It wasn’t until 2008 when Pakistani immigrant and tourist visas reached pre-9/11 levels. Egypt and Morocco also saw steep drops in visas issued in 2002. International tourism to America dropped for three years after 2001. In 2004, it began to increase, and by 2007 it soared pass pre-9/11 numbers. According to the Office of Travel and Tourism, after 9/11, the amount of Americans that traveled internationally decreased. As stated by the Department of Homeland Security, deportations climbed 104% from 2001 to 2010. Asia had a 34% increase while Europe increased to 46%. Deportations individuals from Egypt, Pakistan and Jordan rose in 2003, with Egypt having the largest increase of 205%.The area with the most deportations was...
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...1 Introduction Conflict at the sub-national level can impede development, can jeopardize human security and can greatly slow the process of peace-building and nation building. The formal end to a conflict, however, does neither guarantee an improvement to the situation nor assure a steady path towards post-conflict development and reconciliation. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to study the nature of a peace process and the actual peace accord reached. Understanding the framework of a peace accord will demonstrate both the overt and underlying concerns of all parties involved in the conflict. And, the plan of implementation will reveal the degree to which each party is serious about their commitment to a negotiated peace agreement....
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...The Use of Armed Military Drones Should Be Banned The shape of warfare was changed dramatically over the past decades. In 2001 the armed military drone (unmanned aerial vehicle) was first used in warfare in Afghanistan (Schmit, E. (06.11.2002.)). Recently the world’s praise has been directed towards the military drone, which seems to be the perfect weapon for destruction. Although used more under Obama than Bush (Tschida, T. (26.09.2012.)) and responsible for the deaths of a number of Al Qaeda members the UAV has not been immune to criticism (Volker, K. (27.10.2012.)).[1] Drone attacks can be blamed for a growing irresponsibility as they create an emotional distance between the target and the attacker and lessen the possible losses. Furthermore, they have in no way eliminated the risks of collateral damage not to mention the unresolved issue with [3] promotion of warfare and extrajudicial killings as such. Therefore, the use of armed military drones should be banned. Military drones create more incentive for pilot irresponsibility. Not only does the distance from the actual warfare reduce the ability to fully comprehend the situation, but it also lessens the responsibility felt for the actions as the emotional contact is lacking and the pilot is in a safe situation where a mistake doesn’t mean possible harm coming to him/her. A comparison is often made between flying a drone and playing a video game. The similarity is so clear that even the United States Air Force uses...
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