...China regarding dynasties, unification, leadership, political philosophies, government structure and international relationships. The country has an extensive history. China also has many customs we would consider to be unacceptable. Come with me and let’s explore the up and coming global power. SECTIONII: There were many dynasties that have ruled China since 2033BC. Xia dynasty is one that people did not want to admit it existed. Xia ended with its leader being overthrown, imagine that. People can only put up with so much oppression. The monarch was a typical imbecile with money and power at his fingertips; he was overthrown. The Shang dynasty was ruled by a corrupt leader; he was overthrown. The longest lasting dynasty in China was the Zhou dynasty; they were in charge from 1027-221BC (www.google.com). A writing system and bronze metallurgy were invented. The king was assassinated by rebels (www.paulnoll.com). Power equals money which in turn, equals demise especially regarding dynasties. China dynasty rulers when overthrown are usually exiled or murdered. One Zhou ruler was overthrown and killed by rebel lords. With the royal line broken the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Zhou.html). The Qin dynasty was a ruthless one. They relied heavily on standardizing legal codes and bureaucratic procedures (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Qin.html). Wow! One could say that China is communist due to this dynasty. What is it...
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...THE ROMANS AND CHINA Robert King HIEU 201-B05 September 29th, 2014 The West and East both had major super powers at the same time. The Romans in the West and the Han Dynasty in the East. Both had no idea how large the other was. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both had created strong government systems, military and had vast technology advancement. Though they had major differences, they both made a lasting impression on Eastern and Western civilization as we know it today At the height of the Roman Empire it had close to nineteen provinces stretching as far as Syria. "The simple mention of the Roman Empire is sometimes enough to conjure up an image of something that is immensely stable." Roman's had an emperor which ultimately controlled everything. As same to the Han dynasty the emperor came to power with no regards to the law. The Roman empire had a different way to govern a provinces and a cities. they had some freedom on running their government but always had to pay tax and had to take command from a assigned governor. Then Han dynasty like the Roman's used their military power to take over their land. At the height of the Han dynasty they had thirty-one districts, creating law, currency, a weight system and a measurement system. These systems where to overtake old ones in all of the China. This did not go as well as the Romans approach. The Roman empire took control of areas but did not try and change their culture as much. They still had their own...
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...main reason that China fell behind Europe in the 15th century is the closing down of itself with other civilizations and the banned international trades strategies which severed the communication and connection of the Chinese people with the outside world. And in the same time the rapid growth of the European countries had boosted those civilizations in the other direction thanks to the newly discovered resources on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. I would like to explain these ideas from the following aspects: The early developments of China: China has gone through a period of rapid technological advances in the first centuries of human history thanks to its particular geographical location and the early coming together of the nations within its boundary. Although there were lots of nations fighting wars against each other, aiming to control all the territory on the land of the so-called East Asia nowadays, the Chinese empire was finally founded by the Qin and the united nation has adopted lots of governing strategies to develop the livelihood of its people not only in literature but also in science. Because of these factors, the Chinese people have invented ways to preserve the cultural and technological achievements and also have developed ways to explore the 1/7 outside world. Such decisions have been made since the Han dynasty when the empire opened up the Silk Road to the west, connecting Rome in the west and Chang’an in the east; this drastically facilitated...
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...from Asia. The outcome of the introduction of huge amounts of silver into the economy in Asia, in particular in China, affected profoundly the economy. The introduction of the Manila Galleon trade magnified this effect. Ming China was transformed into a dependency on the export of luxury goods for silver, and that dependence was the downfall of the Ming dynasty, which was one of the most powerful governments of the region. Japan. Japanese people were less impressive than Chinese and the rest of Asia, but were also very curious and willing to learn. After missionaries started arriving to Japan, their influence was considered disruptive and a limited accessibility was allowed. Europeans seemed dirty to the Japanese, which were used to daily bathing as a purification ritual. The main ports of trade were located in Nagasaki, Osaka and Edo. Japan was in a process of recent reunification and reestablishing order in social, political, and international relations. After observing the colonization of the Philippines by the Spanish, the Japanese political leaders were suspicious of the missionaries, regulating the missionary activity (page 247). Japanese leaders then proceed to prohibit trade with Western nations, reaffirming Japan's relations with China. Impact of Spanish trade on Nagasaki. Nagasaki as a commercial port in Japan suffered the same effect as Asia with the incursion of Europeans, especially Spanish. The natural curiosity of the Japanese people opened...
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...current similarities and what is happening in the current days. Back in the history Name of China in Persian language written as چین read exactly as Qin in pinyin writing of Chinese mandarin language implies the starting point of mutual acquaintance going back till the time of Qin dynasty in China which coincides with the rule Arsacid dynasty (Parthian Empire) in Iran. However the oldest document currently available about these relationships points out to the time of Chinese Han Dynasty and Iranian Parthian Empire(247 BC - 224 AD). These relations continued further up to next Iranian dynasty of Sassanids and after invasion of Arabs to Iran and continued in different forms of commercial, religious, cultural & scientific transactions. Mutual relations before Islam An outstanding document from Chinese part is Zhang Qian words in Shiji 史记 one of the most reliable records on Chinese history written by grand Chinese historian Sima Qian 司马迁. The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his accounts Parthia is named Ānxī 安息 , a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana currently located in Uzbekistan) and Daxia (in Bactria currently located in Afghanistan). "Anxi is...
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...Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy. In politics, an authoritarian government is one in which political authority is concentrated in a small group of politician. Characteristics Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Authoritarianism emphasizes the rule of the few; it often includes election rigging, political decisions being made by a select group of officials behind closed doors, a bureaucracy that sometimes operates independently of rules, which does not properly supervise elected officials, and fails to serve the concerns of the constituencies they purportedly serve. Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of political power, a leadership that is "self-appointed and even if elected cannot be displaced by citizens' free choice among competitors," the arbitrary deprivation of civil liberties, and little tolerance for meaningful opposition; A range of social controls also attempt to stifle civil society, while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the armed forces, a pervasive bureaucracy staffed by the regime, and creation of allegiance through various means of socialization and...
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...How Does China’s Reemergence Impact the Current World’s Dynamics? * Background China’s reemergence In retrospect, there were three glorious dynasties of Han, Tang and Ming in China. During that time China took the leading position in economics, politics, culture, military and diplomacy. But after Ming dynasty China lost its leading position for a long time. Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, China’s reemergence of economics impresses the world substantially. In 2010, China witnessed GDP of 5,878.3 billion US dollars, which is at the second place just following United States 1. During the last decade, China moved from the being the ninth-largest exporter to the largest in the world. According to the Global Competitiveness Index 2011-2012 report, China’s global competitiveness index scored 4.90 and ranked 26 out of 142. The group performance of the developing world is boosted by the strong dynamics of some of the largest economies including China. At the meantime, China’s military power is also strengthened. From 1989 to 2010 China's official military budget increased by double digits every year 2. Based on above positive and negative facts, China’s reemergence really impacts the world’s dynamics in various dimensions. In general these impacts can be divided into areas including goods, technology, people, capital and culture. * China’s reemergence impacts world’s dynamics in different aspects Goods According the percentage distribution of Merchandise...
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...Context - China The Qing dynasty, also notorious as the Qing Empire, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912. Preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China, this multi-cultural empire lasted nearly three eras and molded the provincial base for modern Chinese era. One may ask, “How did China come to be, from many foreign influences on to the Boxer Rebellion.” According to Chinese Confucian tradition, every ruler’s right to the throne has come from the “Mandate of Heaven,” an honor bestowed by the divinities. The belief of judging another culture solely by the values and ethics of one's own culture placed the emperor as a revolving figure to the Chinese. These ideals also characterized neighboring lands as being inhabited by foreigners or “barbarians,” people who were less civilized and egocentric of themselves. Additionally, afore western influences in Asia, the Chinese had conquered the region through their “tributary system,” a system which kept smaller neighboring “tributary states” (Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and many others) as vassals to the emperors of China, pledged and sworn to it. As a result, trade rights with and protection from the Chinese were offered in return. Nevertheless, tributary...
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...Tea production industry in China Essay by: Mari Carmen Almodóvar Cárdenas. Table of contents 1.Introduction 2. History of tea 3. Tea industry. 4. Currently China’s tea industry. 5. Problems that tea industry in China faces. 6. What’s the future for tea industry? 7. Conclussions. 1.Introduction: China is one of the most important tea-producing countries. The written history of tea consumption in China goes back longer than in any other country, thousands of years. In ancient China, tea was originally used as a medicine; over hundreds of years it slowly shifted towards being viewed first as a tonic, and then as a beverage as it is today. China, together with India, is one of the two largest producers and consumers of tea. In 2007, China produced over 30% of the world's production of tea, almost 1.2 million tons of tea out of the world's almost 3.9 million tons. Most of the tea produced in China is consumed in China, although tea is also an important export good for China. A myriad of styles of tea originated in China, which produces and consumes black, green, white, oolong, and pu-erh teas, as well as the less well-known yellow teas. Chinese teas are astoundingly diverse, as within each of these broad types of tea, there are countless different styles, both ancient and modern. China has also come to produce styles of tea...
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...Jestin Thompson Political Science 23 April 2013 Final Paper Theory of Democratic Peace The idea of democratic peace was brought up in the enlightened era. The theory of democratic peace was based off of Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace.” The theory of democratic peace argues that nation-states governed by democratic regimes do not tend to have conflicts with other countries that would lead to wars. With this theory, it shows that nation-states with a democratic rule are more likely to not go to war with other countries. In some cases, this theory has been proven to be true, but in other cases it has not, especially with the United States. There are many proponents and opponents for this theory. Through this essay, the theory is to see if democratic, authoritarian, and totalitarian rule can coexist peacefully together, which will be proven either to be true or untrue. In 1795, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, wrote the basis for the theory of democratic peace, which is called “Perpetual Peace.” Through his writings, it explains how countries can reach a perpetual peace and fit the democratic peace theory. In this writing, contains the preliminary articles for perpetual peace among states. This section includes six main topics to help achieve a perpetual peace. First, he explains that after a war there should not be a treaty with provisions for the future wars between the two nation states. Secondly, no state, whether large or small, should be controlled...
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...traced back to 6000 BC where it is believed that barter system was introduced by the tribes of Mesopotamia. This system was then adopted by the Phoenicians, who bartered their goods to people in other cities located across the oceans. People used to exchange their goods for weapons, tea, spices, and food items and sometimes, even human skulls were used for barter. The advantage of bartering is that it does not involve money. You can buy an item in exchange for some other thing you currently have, but don't want. But despite the advantages, the main drawback of this system was that there were no standard criteria to determine the value of goods and services, and this resulted in disputes and clashes. Another disadvantage is some of the trade items or items to be bartered are perishable items, especially foods which have high tendency to rot. It is also difficult to set value for such items with short life span and moreover, most of the items are not easily carried around. The systems may also be impractical sometimes as it takes a lot of time and work for implementation and implementers may...
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...ground: European merchants began to exercise control of their turf and challenge the Arabs in other parts of the Mediterranean. Still, Arab and Persian commerce remained active in Indian Ocean. • The emerging Ottoman Turks expanded into southeastern Europe, and the power (both politically and militarily) was frightening to other people in other areas, such as western Europe. A Power Vacuum in International Leadership • Turkish rulers unable to reestablish Islamic position in international trade. Turks scornful of Arabs (though both were Muslim), did not promote trade, especially maritime trade, as vigorously as in past. • Turkic expansion was important well into 17th century, but real focus was on conquest and administration • Mongols developed first alternative international framework with influence in central Asia, China, Russia, Middle East, south Asia. Trade encouraged many opportunities for exchange of technology and ideas – western Europe was primary beneficiary. • end of Mongol empires turned attention to sea-born trade, as overland Asian trade routes disrupted Chinese...
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...Camel with a light load This is a sancai ceramic camel produced around late Tang dynasty. It dates back to first half of eight century. It was made of earthenware with three-color lead glaze. It has glazed brown hairs and white body. The green color decorated the big-nose human mask and cushions on its back. Although there are clear separations of colors, we can see some running colors on the face and under the exotic mask. The camel has its head raised up and mouth opened as if the camel was giving voices. This sancai camel is kept in Idemitsu bijutsukan in Tokyo now. Sancai The most obvious character of this sancai camel is its colorful glazes. The yellow, brown and green colors combined together give us a vivid camel figure. Tang sancai was a very popular kind of ceramic in Tang dynasty. It made from white clay or yellowish losessic clay. Although Sancai means three-colored, the actual Tang sancai objects have more than three colors, such as blue or black. People always give Tang sancai a high value because multi-colored lead-glazed objects were not usual in Chinese tradition before Tang dynasty. Although about 1400 years ago in the Northern and Southern dynasty, the kind of handmade glazed wares were already created, it was not until Tang dynasty, the production and technology of colorful glazed wares reached their peaks. From the contemporary ceramic history point of view, the tang sancai is a milestone because sancai was the first time that more than three colors appeared...
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...www.GetPedia.com History of China: Table of Contents q q Historical Setting The Ancient Dynasties r r r Dawn of History Zhou Period Hundred Schools of Thought q The Imperial Era r r r r r r First Imperial Period Era of Disunity Restoration of Empire Mongolian Interlude Chinese Regain Power Rise of the Manchus q Emergence Of Modern China r r r r r r Western Powers Arrive First Modern Period Opium War, 1839-42 Era of Disunity Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64 Self-Strengthening Movement Hundred Days' Reform and Aftermath Republican Revolution of 1911 q Republican China r r r Nationalism and Communism s Opposing the Warlords s Consolidation under the Guomindang s Rise of the Communists Anti-Japanese War Return to Civil War q People's Republic Of China r r Transition to Socialism, 1953-57 Great Leap Forward, 1958-60 r r r r r Readjustment and Recovery, 1961-65 Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76 s Militant Phase, 1966-68 s Ninth National Party Congress to the Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71 s End of the Era of Mao Zedong, 1972-76 Post-Mao Period, 1976-78 China and the Four Modernizations, 1979-82 Reforms, 1980-88 q References for History of China [ History of China ] [ Timeline ] Historical Setting The History Of China, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C....
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...PART 1: INTRODUCTION The Korean peninsula is located at the eastern end of Asia, between China, Siberia (now part of the Russian Federation), and the islands of Japan. Because of the complex, shifting, and historic relations between these areas, as well as relations with other places such at the United Sates in more recent times, the history of Korea has been told in many ways and is still the subject of hot debate both inside and outside the Koreas. North and South Korea have different versions of the peninsula’s history, both of which differ in detail and perspective from histories written in China, Japan, Russia, and the USA. The following sections, which attempt to outline the history in a balanced way, are based on a variety of materials, including lectures attended in a special workshop on Korean culture at Korea University in the summer of 1997. Map of Korea The overall pattern of development in the history of the Korean peninsula is a process that begins with an unknown number of early tribal groups that populate the peninsula in prehistoric times, wandering out of Siberia and areas to the west. Over time, some of these groups form more complex societies that eventually result in early kingdoms that grow up on the peninsula; in some cases extending westwards into what is now Chinese territory. As time and events unfolded, these kingdoms were unified, though the borders and degree of unity have continued to change over time—down to today. Besides the obvious split between...
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