...Creation myths have been used throughout history to provide insight on the different cultures of the world. The Kono people of Africa and the Iroquois people of North America both tell creation myths of the gods and deities their societies worship, however they offer different perspectives on death. In the Kono culture, Death plays a significant part of the Kono creation as evidenced in the story “Death and Life and Death” while in the Iroquois’ myth, “The World on the Turtle's Back”,the gods are viewed as more significant in the lives and creation of the Iroquois people. Although both cultures personify their deities, the Kono people personify Death while the Iroquois personify their gods . The Kono personify their Death to show that they...
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...Jones 6/5/08 Expository Essay Every culture has some form of music they practice or enjoy listening to. Music can have a huge impact around the world. Music has important themes or meanings that can be positive or negative. Music originated around the globe. Music is created for all ages to listen to; however it can be harmful to certain people for various reasons. Some cultures musical styles are similar; however many are also different. African Americans have quite different musical rhythms and instruments from the musical traditions of Native Americans. In this essay I will explain the differences and similarities between Iroquois, a Native American tribe and African American music. Music is used for various reasons between Iroquois and African Americans. It is used for recreation, rituals and ceremonies, story telling, and language. For example, African Americans sung spiritual songs to help one another during slavery, so the master wouldn't know what they were talking about. Music was also used in Iroquois and Africans Americans society by communicating with others parts of the world. Music was used as an early sign of general cultural diffusion. (Plantinga, p.6) Music is used to help expand our world and cultures. Music is a part of most activities that African Americans and Iroquois tribes enjoy. Music is taught and learned orally by both cultures. This means that they are sung and played together easily; working...
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...Abstract The Iroquois Indians are regarded as the original inhabitants of New York State and Ontario. Prior to being colonized by the Europeans, mainly the British and French, there were five sub-tribes in the Iroquois nation. The Iroquois Indian has existed in North America for the last 4000years. The tribe consists of a well structured social, political, cultural and economic set up. Iroquois confederacy served the purpose of uniting the Indian tribes. The confederacy consisted of six Indian nations. This union provided the Indian tribes with an upper hand when negotiating with Europeans. The Iroquois Indians also had a council known as Onondaga that formed the purpose of serving the entire Indian tribes. The tribe was able to protect its farmland as a result of establishing strong military and efficient governance. Their association with the Dutch enabled the tribe to conquer the neighboring tribes. The union, that brought five tribes together and later joined by the Tuscarora in 1712, provided the native tribes of North America authority in terms of fighting for their rights in the mainstream society. The Iroquois Indians The Iroquois are part of the Indian tribes considered in history as the original occupants of Northern America. They are believed to originate from the soil just like trees that grow in the forest. This Indian tribe lived in settlements surrounded by lakes, hills, and forests. The Iroquois Indians believe they originated near Oswego...
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...I will be explaining the difference between the Inuit, Iroquois, and Haida. Similarity: The Inuit and the Haida hunted (sea animals), but the Iroquois didn’t hunt. The Iroquois and the Haida both lived in a green grasslands , but the Inuit lived in a icy terrain with mounds of ice and snow. All of the tribes made clothing. The Haida and the Inuit made shirts and coats while the Iroquois made shoes out of leather. All the tribes used art to show tradition throughout their land. Inuit made tiny sculptures and masks. Haida made baskets and totem poles. And the Iroquois made clay pipes and masks. Inuit: Inuit people were very good at hunting. They used bows and arrows and knives made out of bones which they used to kill the tough ones like seals....
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...Kinship is a culture’s way of establishing and recognizing the relationships between a family or group of people. It can define their roles, obligations, interactions between each other, and the rights among the group. According to Chegg.com, “Kinship and family ties may be defined through genetic relationships, adoption, or other ritualized behavior such as marriage and household economies. Kinship systems range in size from a single, nuclear-family to tribal or intertribal relationships” (2014). There are many different varieties of kinship and how they are addressed within many cultures. There are six different types of kinship in anthropology (Schwimmer, 2001). The two cultures being addressed in this essay are the Crow kinship and the Iroquois kinship. The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Apsaalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone river valley. Women within these tribes have a highly significant role (Crystallinks.com, 2012). The Crow people are of a matrilineal line. They are a matriarchal tribe and in marriage the husbands moving in with the wife’s family. Following the matrilineal line, Crow kinship further addresses the women within the family. Relatives in the kinship diagram on the mother’s side have descriptive terms whereas the father’s side has more classificatory terms. A relatively distinctive note in the Crow kinship that is different from other kinship disgrams is that they do not distinguish between generations...
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...Five Nations of the Iroquois: History of how they came together and exist now. Marceline Kilbourn Bryant and Stratton Professor Sheehan July 22, 2014 The Five Nations (Haudenosaunee) originally known as the Iroquois League is presently based in upstate New York. Originally, the League consists of the nations of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. In 1722, the transition to what is called the Six Nations came to being when Tuscarora joined. According to history, the Five Nations started as distinct tribes by the middle of the 15th century. Each nation occupies a distinct territory and performs a different task. Iroquois influence and earlier domination ranges from Canada, to the Great Lakes and from Allegheny Mountains to Virginia and Kentucky. To live harmoniously with each other, the people from each nation came together and formed the Iroquois League which means Nations of Peace and Power as per their language. Would this change prove to be affluent or detrimental to the future of the Iroquois people? The League also known as the confederacy was known to have been established before contact with Europeans (Tooker, 1978) and its influence through alliances with other Indians, stretched east to west from New England to the great lakes, with Canada and south of Georgia. Strategically...
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...Iroquois Indians and Lacrosse Lacrosse is a sport played worldwide and is centerpiece of the Iroquois Indian culture. This sport involves using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse (aka lacrosse stick) and because this is a contact sport, it requires padding. The head of the lacrosse stick is strung with loose mesh that is designed to catch and hold the lacrosse ball. The object of the game is to score by shooting the call into the opponent’s goal. The stick can be used to catch, carry, and pass the ball. This game was introduced in 1750 by the Mohawk tribe. Iroquois loved to play lacrosse because it was a source of entertainment, physical conditioning, and it was also a religious celebration as a way to honor the Creator. One of the highly celebrated traditions goes back to the Iroquois Confederacy where young warriors staged a lacrosse game for one of the league founders, Hayewat-ha, to console him for the loss of his children. Not only is lacrosse played to please the Creator but also is a rite that is sacred to the Thunders, the seven honored grandfathers who move across the sky from west to east cleansing the earth with wind and rains. Often times, lacrosse is prescribed as a ritual healing, usually recommended through a dream or fortune teller. When the Iroquois would play lacrosse, there would be approximately 100 to 150+ men on a field of a few miles long. The teams would play until one team scored 2 of 3 or 3 of 5 goals. This often took days...
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...ancestry, inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times and before colonists. Animism: The attribution of a living soul to plants, animals, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. Elder: A person (male or female) venerated for age and wisdom. Faith keeper: Member of a nation selected to maintain the traditional ceremonies and rituals. First Nations: An aboriginal band, or a community functioning as a band, but not having band status. Does NOT include Inuit or Métis. Genesis: The origin, the beginnings, the formation of something. Indigenous: Originating naturally in a region, belonging naturally to an environment (of people) born in a region. longhouse: Iroquois home, cigar-shaped, about fifty metres long and ten metres wide, a dwelling shared by several families. Longhouse: The religion of the Iroquois. Monotheism: The belief in one God. Polytheism: The belief in or worship of more than one God. Oracy: The ability to express oneself fluently in speech and to understand a spoken language. Powwow: A gathering of Aboriginal people with ritual dances, drumming and chanting. Reincarnation: The belief in the rebirth of a soul in a new body or form Sachems: The supreme chief of a clan. Shaman: Medicine man or spiritual leader. Smudging ceremony: A purification ritual that includes the burning of sweet grass and drawing smoke ritually over body. Tipi: Cone shaped tent and dwelling found in the nations of the Great Plains. Totem pole: A long pole in which several...
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...The British Iroquois Alliance The Iroquois were a group of First Nation people living in eastern North America even before the first explorers discovered the new world. The Iroquois were the major tribe who traded and expanded their hand in the fur trade, during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. From the 1667 to the 1680’s the Iroquois maintained a good relation with the French. They allowed the Jesuits in, but due the Iroquois expansive and aggressive mentality conflict rose between the French and them. Simultaneously it brought them closer in alliance with the English. This alliance between the British and Iroquois was the first of many steps, which allowed the British to gain a strong foothold in Canada. Chapter 1: The British The British were a growing force during this period. They were taking...
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...freedom (Drew).” The second definition of cosmology is: “the branch of astronomy that deals with the general structure and evolution of the universe (Drew).” Therefore, cosmology is the study of the origin of the universe, and it can be interpreted through a philosophical or scientific perspective. But for this essay, I will interpret cosmology in a philosophical, literary perspective to study “cultural perspective which the universe is shaped, ordered, operated, and men's role in it.” The goal in this essay is to illustrate philosophical, literary similarities and differences between Eastern and Western cosmologies by using King James' The Fall and David Cusick's The Iroquois Creation Story. The Eastern and Western cosmologies are defined by philosophical and literary perspectives, not based on geography, culture, and language. The Eastern cosmology is based on collectivism and Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang is Chinese philosophy which describes “opposite or contrary forces and actually complementary, interconnected, and inter-depended in the natural world (Palmer, 25).” This means that evil is necessary for good to exist and vice versa because they complement each other. Collectivism is “the idea that the individual's life belongs not to him but to the group or society of which he is merely a part, that he has no rights, and that he must sacrifice his values and goals for the group's 'greater good (Biddle)'”. For example, if you want to be an artist but your community needs...
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...nations that formed the Iroquois nation. They encompassed a region that covered western New York to the western edge of Lake Erie. The Seneca where a very modern people in ways like politics and social interaction but also very steeped in tradition with their religious beliefs. Seneca tribal leaders like Red Jacket were some of the first to accept the white man and they even fought alongside the British during the Revolutionary war. The Seneca consisted of nine tribes named after animals. The tribes’ names were Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Turtle, Hawk, Sandpiper, Deer, Doe and the Heron. During the mid to late 1600’s the tribes combined to have a population reported to be near 5000, though some have said it was closer to 3500. The tribes occupied the area from New York to Lake Erie from as far north as Canada and as south as Pennsylvania. Their economy was based around crops as well as what was caught during hunting and fishing trips. Like most hunters and gathers, the women harvested the crops and gathered fruit and berries as well as the different roots and plants that would be used for medicinal purposes while the men would typically handle the hunting. Seneca Indians where well versed in agriculture, predominantly growing what they called the three sister crops: corn, squash and beans. They did not rely solely on agriculture, though, and were also considered good hunters and fishers. Seneca women were granted more responsibility than women from other cultures during their time....
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...Native American Culture Have you ever wonder how the world was created from another culture’s perspective? Native Americans used creation myths to explained to their people how the world was developed overtime. Creation myths are a big part of the Native American culture. they have been passed down from generation to generation. In the creation myths, harmony with nature, rituals, and strong social values are shown in each myths. The purpose of having strong social value in these myths is to teach younger Native Americans valuable lesson if they ever do something bad. These myths reveals how the rituals were created and their intentions for doing it. Creation myths has harmony with nature in it to show a very close kinship between them and nature. Native American explained how the world began with their myths. Various works of literature reveal the Native American tradition and beliefs of rituals, strong social value, and harmony with nature. Rituals plays an important role in Native American Culture. In the short story, “The Man to Send Rain Clouds”, the Laguna ritual was shown when Leon did the funeral rites on Teofilo. For example, “ Leon ties feathers to Teofilo’s hair, paint his face, and sprinkle holy water on his grave” (50). This quote is important because it is part of the Native American’s tradition that was past down from generation to generation, and the purpose of doing this funeral rites is to make him be part of nature. Another example of Native American ritual...
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...The Karankawas, who had managed to survive 300 years of European contact, ultimately fell victim to rapid American colonization and direct exterminatory warfare. To the end of their existence, these coastal people retained their hunting, fishing, and gathering culture. Language loss has been especially acute in North America. No doubt scores, perhaps hundreds, of tongues indigenous to this continent have vanished since 1492. Some have perished without a trace. European/French usage of metal tools altered Indian ways of life, especially as the gun, or rifle, and the plow, meant the European/French colonies were deliberately planned to settle the so-called New World. The European/French presence introduced at least a dozen strange diseases during this era that American Indians had no natural immunity against. The native population suffered enormous losses. It has been said that more native people died due to foreign diseases than were lost in wars fighting for their homelands. The "white intruders" brought much change to Indian people. Who is to say that it was not meant to be that way? Yes, the entire North American continent has been taken away, except for about two percent that American Indians still have that they call their homelands. The American Indian almost disappeared with the buffalo when less than a thousand buffalo were left by the turn of the 20th century, and only 225,000 Indians had survived the deadly new diseases and more than one thousand wars. But life...
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...The diverse populations of English colonies was a phenomenon by the seventeenth century, from its being known for its diversity uprising that was created from establishing diversity of population and government structures. The colonies were established by individuals from different European backgrounds, along with some of their culture and religious formalities. However, mentioning the diversity of individuals, the majority of people that made up the colonies were The English seeking new opportunities and overall a new chapter of their lives. According to Race and Ethnicity in America, the English settlers brought to the “middle ground” a firm sense of cultural superiority. Which asserts the idea that the majority of the English did have an...
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...America that prove America is a melting pot of cultures, and therefore is already a multinational society. Reed states that in any major city in America you can see evidence of this mixing of nationalities and cultures. For example, you can find Islamic mosques and hear airport commands in both English and Spanish. The mixing of nationalities and cultures is a growing movement that if or when it continues, will affect the majority of our country in just a few years. Already in Texas the largest minority, population is Mexican American. Reed goes on to talk about how, in Milwaukee, he heard a professor speak to a crowd about the African cultures’ influence in America, in an African language (instead of their native tongue of English). In this same city, another example of the mixing of cultures comes at a most unexpected place, the local McDonald’s. At this restaurant, the manager has hung paintings that depict African symbols and images. Even with all of this evidence of a mixing of cultures, Reed asserts that the “cultural Elect” of our country still holds on to the idea that America is a civilization created only by the European, or “western” culture. This stance taken by the cultural Elect can be seen as monoculture. Reed states that even this view is skewed because what we view as “western civilization” (Beethoven, nineteenth- and twentieth- century French artists, etc.) was already being influenced by other cultures. One of Beethoven’s most famous...
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