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Human Digestion

Human Digestion
The first step of digestion begins in the mouth where mastication occurs. Mastication is the process where food is crushed and ground by the teeth. Also occurring in the mouth, salivary glands excrete saliva which works as a lubricant and beginning the process of digestion. Muscles in the oral cavity move the chewed food backwards so that it can travel down the esophagus. Peristalsis is the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in gastrointestinal tract which pushes the food along. As the food travels down the esophagus, it enters the stomach through a muscular ring called the cardiac sphincter which prevents food from traveling back up the esophagus. The stomach is where stomach juices, partially digested food, and saliva mix around and breaks down the food through a chemical process. After about an hour, the pyloric sphincter opens and slows releases chyme into the small intestine. The small intestine is a long and hallowed tube that receives partially digested food from the stomach which has three parts the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. The liver is an organ that creates bile, an enzyme used to break down fasts which then stores it in the gallbladder. When the body senses food is present in the duodenum, the gallbladder contracts to release the bile. Through those three parts, nutrients and water from the food are absorbed into the body through little structures called villi. Any remaining food fibers and water is then pushed into the large intestine to be held by pouches called haustra. Waste products are pushed through colon, an S shaped curve called the sigmoid colon which joins the rectum and the anus where it is finally expelled from the human

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