...CHAPTER 15 Job Design LEARNING OBJECTIVES When you have finished studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe and contrast the common approaches to job design. 2. Discuss the linkages between job design and technology. 3. Explain the job characteristics enrichment model and its relationship to work motivation. 4. Describe the sociotechnical systems model and its relationship to organizational effectiveness. Preview Case: Texas Nameplate Company COMMON JOB DESIGN APPROACHES Comparative Framework Job Rotation Job Engineering Job Enlargement Competency: Managing Change—Westinghouse Air Brake Job Enrichment Sociotechnical Systems Ergonomics Competency: Managing Diversity—Benteler Automotive Corporation JOB DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY Role of Workflow Uncertainty Role of Task Uncertainty Combined Effects of Workflow and Task Uncertainty Role of Task Interdependence Competency: Managing Communication— David Berdish Fosters Dialogue Interrelationships among Job Design and Technology Concepts JOB CHARACTERISTICS ENRICHMENT MODEL Framework Job Characteristics Individual Differences Job Diagnosis Implementation Approaches Job Characteristics and Technology Social Information Processing SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS MODEL Competency: Managing Across Cultures—Job Design in the Malaysian Nursing Context Social Systems Technological Systems Moderators Core Concepts Implementation Issues Competency: Managing Teams—Consolidated Diesel’s Engine Plant CHAPTER SUMMARY Key Terms and...
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...SICHALWE COURSE: ICT STUDENT NO: BFIN 0512014 PROGRAMME: BANKING AND FINANCE ASSIGNMENT: 1 1.(a) In plain words ‘E-commerce’ is simply Electronic commerce. E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services by businesses and consumers through an electronic medium. Below are three models of Electronic commerce; • Business-to-Business(B2B) – In this type electronic commerce, the trade is only between businesses or other organisations. An example of B2B is Cisco. Cisco is a corporation that designs, manufactures and sells networking equipment,. Cisco trades with other businesses and organisations. • Business-to-Consumer(B2C) – This type of electronic commerce involves a business and an individula shopper. Businesses sell goods and products to individual shoppers(Consumer). An example of B2C is Amazon. Amazon is a E-commerce company that deals with online retailing. Sells to consumers. • Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C) – In this model electronic commerce, the trade off is done between consumers directly. An example of C2C is e-bay. E-bay is an E-commerce corporations that enables C2C (b) Internet The Internet is a ‘Network’consisiting of a worlwide interconnection of computer networks that facilitate data transmission and exchange. As organisations grow larger, communcation becomes complex. The internet makes it more efficient o communicate...
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...IT190-1501A-01 : Introduction to IT Information Systems of Sterling Urgent Care Ryder May 02/09/15 TOC Section 1: Information Systems Overview 4 What is Sterling Urgent Care? 4 Choosing the Right Information System for SUC 4 Section 2: Information Systems Concepts 7 Types of Communication 7 SUC’s Communication Technology 8 SUC’s Virtual Private Network 9 Section 3: Business Information Systems 11 Data Systems 11 TPS (Transaction processing system) 11 MIS (Management information system) 11 DSS (Decision support system) 12 KMS (Knowledge management system) 12 AI (Artificial intelligence) 12 Information Systems within SUC 14 Section 4: System Development 16 Prototype Model 16 Waterfall model 17 Implementation of the Waterfall model 17 Waterfall Phases 18 System Investigation 18 System Design 19 System Implementation 19 System Verification 19 System Maintenance 19 Section 5: Information Systems and Society 20 Types of Hacking 20 Social Engineering 20 Dumpster Diving 21 Identity Theft 23 Illegal Access and Use 23 References 25 Section 1: Information Systems Overview What is Sterling Urgent Care? Sterling Urgent Care (SUC) is a non-existent urgent care facility located in the small town of Sterling Colorado. This is a private-owed walk in clinic that will provide health care ranging from routine doctor visits to emergent care. This organization will require internal users from several different departments, as well as outside healthcare...
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...IT190-1502B-10 Introduction to IT Introduction to IT Document Shell Shamika Herrington May 25, 2015 Table of Contents Section 1: Information Systems Overview 3 MDHS: Program Selection and Job Functions 3 Job Functions 4 Section 2: Information Systems Concepts 6 Networks: WAN and LAN 6 Wi-Fi, Telecommuting, and Associated Issues 7 Section 3: Business Information Systems 9 Management Information Systems 9 Transaction Processing Systems 10 Decision Support Systems and Artificial Intelligence 11 Transforming Data to Information and Information to Knowledge 11 Section 4: System Development 13 Waterfall Model 13 Prototype Model 14 Section5: Information Systems and Society 15 Approaches Hackers Use to Steal Data 15 Preventing Hackers From Stealing Data 16 References 18 Section 1: Information Systems Overview MDHS: Program Selection and Job Functions The Mississippi Department of Human Services is an organization whose sole purpose is to assist and serve the residents of Mississippi. The services range from offering nutrition assistance through Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and employment assistance through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to offering support for families and children. There are many different programs that are offered through programs in specific departments. Each department uses specific computer resources to assist the clients within their respective counties. It is important...
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...Introduction Social Impacts of Computing Rob Kling Editor The Impact of Office Automation on the Organization: Some Implications for Research and Practice M a r g r e t h e H. O l s o n a n d H e n r y C. L u c a s Jr. New York University Computer technology has recently been applied to the automation of office tasks and procedures. Much of the technology is aimed not at improving the efficiency of current office procedures, but at altering the nature of office work altogether. The development of automated office systems raises a number of issues for the organization. How will this technology be received by organization members? How will it affect the definition of traditional office work? What will be its impact on individuals, work groups, and the structure of the organization? This paper presents a descriptive model and propositions concerning the potential impacts of office automation on the organization and it stresses the need, when implementing automated office systems, to take a broad perspective of their potential positive and negative effects on the organization. The need for further research examining the potential effects of office automation is emphasized. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: J. 1 [Administrative Data Processing]--business; K.4.3 [Computers and Society]: Organizational Impacts General Terms: Experimentation, Management, Theory, Human Factors Additional Key Words and Phrases: office automation, automated office...
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...human-computer interaction: approaches, techniques, and levels of analysis Abe Crystal School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill acrystal@email.unc.edu Beth Ellington School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elliv@email.unc.edu ABSTRACT In this paper we critically review task analysis models and techniques. These approaches to task analysis are discussed in order to develop a richer picture of human activity, while analyzing their limitations, general weaknesses, and possibilities for improvement. We consider their ability to determine the appropriate set of atomic actions in a task, their effect on workers’ motivational needs, their support of users’ cognitive and sociocultural processes, and their effectiveness in supporting interface design. We note that the major approaches have focused on very different levels of analysis, and call for greater integration of these different levels in task analysis theory. Keywords Task analysis, cognitive modeling, activity theory. INTRODUCTION Practitioners and researchers routinely advocate building user-centered systems which enable people to reach their goals, take account of natural human limitations, and generally are intuitive, efficient and pleasurable to use (Preece, Rogers and Sharp, 2002). Central to the design of such systems is a clear understanding of what users actually want to do: What are their tasks? What...
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...Elaboration Likelihood Model June 26, 2012 Why do these people have these jobs? Why is this text so disturbing? The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) The Elaboration Likelihood Model was developed by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo The ELM proposes two routes to persusaion. The central route involves careful scrutiny of message logic and arguments The peripheral route involves consideration of cues in the message environment such as source credibility and message design The ELM: Which Route do you Take? The ELM proposes that people will take the central or peripheral route based on several factors Motivation. If people see the message as relevant, they will be motivated to process centrally Ability. People must have the ability and be in a situation where central processing is possible The ELM: Outcomes of the Two Routes Messages processed through the central route will lead to attitude change that is relatively enduring, resistant, and predictive of behavior. Messages processed through the peripheral route will lead to attitude change that more temporary, more easily changed, and less likely to predict actual behavior Consider this handout as you work in groups Exploring the Peripheral The peripheral route processes the message without any active thinking about the attributes of the issue or the object of consideration. Recipients rely on cues to make quick decisions, including Reciprocation – in a social universe, turn taking and sharing are...
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...Learning: Theories and Program Design 4-1 Objectives 1. 2. 3. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the five types of learner outcomes. Explain the implications of learning theory for instructional design. Incorporate adult learning theory into the design of a training program. Describe how learners receive, process, store, retrieve, and act upon information. Be able to choose and prepare Training Programme (Site/ Idea/vision) . 4. 5. 4-2 Objectives (continued) 6. 7. Discuss the internal conditions (within the learner) and external conditions (learning environment) necessary for the trainee to learn each type of capability. Explain the four components of program design: Course parameters Objectives Lesson overview Detailed lesson plan 4-3 Introduction Training at the Culinary Institute of America (CIA) is designed to teach aspiring chefs how to prepare food (knowledge) as well as develop the necessary skills (e.g., chopping onions). These are types of learning outcomes. CIA’s training programs illustrate several conditions necessary for learning to occur: Opportunities to learn by observing an expert Practicing Receiving feedback 4-4 Introduction (continued) As CIA training illustrates, for learning to occur it is important to identify what is to be learned. Identify the learning outcomes. Understanding learning outcomes is crucial because they influence the characteristics...
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...provision of 'Fairtrade' or organic foods where there is a perceived ethical and social benefit which customers are prepared to pay for. 3. The ability to change a product or service offering to suit customers' needs is called flexibility. 4. The ability of an organization to consistently meet its promises to the customer is called dependability. 5. Designing a set of sales and profit targets for a particular product is known as category management which is a strategic management approach through trade partnerships to satisfy consumer and shoppers' needs. 6. Consumer market segmentation can be divided into four categories, geographic, demographic, behavioural and psychographic. Chapter 3 Operations Processes and Life Cycles 1. In the craft era the 3 types of operations process were job shop, batch process and simple project. 2. In the mass production era the 4 types of operations process were complex project, batch production, assembly line and continuous flow process. 3. In a materials processing operation, the process which is associated with the highest variety is the project process. 4. In a customer processing operation, the process type with the lowest volume is the professional service, such as a doctor or solicitor who will have their customer visits managed by an appointments diary. 5. In a customer processing operation the process which is characterized by predictable job content and lower skilled employees is the mass service such as a supermarket. ...
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...Chapter 3 Q1. How does organizational strategy determine information systems structure?` Ultimately, competitive strategy determines the structure, features, and functions of every information system. * Porter’s Five Forces Model of Industry Structure * Bargaining power of customers * Threat of substitutions * Bargaining power of suppliers * Threat of new entrants * Rivalry Q2. What five forces determine industry structure? * The intensity of each of the five forces determines the characteristics of the industry, how profitable it is, and how sustainable that profitability will be. * Organizations examine five forces and determine how they intend to respond to them. That examination leads to competitive strategy. Q3. How does analysis of industry structure determine competitive strategy? * Porter’s Four Competitive Strategies | Cost | Differentiation | Industry-wide | Lowest cost across the industry | BetterProduct/serviceacross theindustry | Focus | Lowest costwithin anindustry segment | Betterproduct/servicewithin anindustry segment | To be effective, the organization’s goals, objectives, culture, and activities must be consistent with the organization’s strategy. Q4. How does competitive strategy determine value chain structure? * Value: The amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service. * Margin: The difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost...
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...three lenses) Personal Schemas * Essentially, a schema is knowledge system through which a person interacts with the world (a cognitive structure that represents organized knowledge about a given concept/type of stimulus. A schema contains both the attributes of the concept and the relationship among the attributes) * Schemas are helpful because they allow people to function in cognitively efficient ways (for example, you establish certain patterns of action so that you don’t have to think about your actions every time) * In organizations: individuals are surrounded by complex & noisy information people engage in cognitive processing such as structuring or finding recurring patterns (for example, completing routine tasks without much conscious awareness) * Schemas can be helpful but it is important to be aware of assumptions and to seek additional information about organizational life, since there are multiple issue with schemas: * Schemas can become outdated: schemas need updating, since they are derived from experiences which need to evolve in the future (example: sticking to schema of men in professional roles is now outdated as more women have entered the workforce) * Schemas also shape organizational life, so they can prevent change if they don’t adapt (example: making it harder for women to enter professional roles because schema is defined by males) * Schemas resist change: this is especially critical in times of organizational...
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...Design of Training Project Through learning the organization will implement a systematic approach in the military evaluations process. Most military personnel have had to write an evaluation for their subordinates at one time or another. This organization has a distinctive way of processing evaluations. The organization process military evaluations electronically through the Army Knowledge (AKO) Forms and verify information using the following systems; Interactive Web Response System (IWRS), the Electronic Military Personnel Office (eMilpo), which manages active, mobilized reserve and, National Guard Soldiers, and the Command Management System (CMS) which analyzes submission data and provides the command a performance and timeliness overview of subordinate elements. Technology has enhanced our organization’s efficiency and processing abilities significantly as we rely in a system of systems to process military evaluations. Our organization is seeking to change behavior with training and development; contemplating new ideas to improve behavior and have employees’ process evaluations based on one standard, using the appropriate sources. Enhanced processing is always welcomed in our organization. After training completion employees are expected to improve. The evaluations section is very hectic because the number of monthly evaluations processed. Ongoing performance improvement will ensure all systemic uses are understood as mentioned above because finding data...
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...Information systems From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Information system (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software (see information technology) that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.[1][2][3] Information Systems encompasses a variety of disciplines such as: the analysis and design of systems, computer networking, information security, database management, and decision support systems. Information Management deals with the practical and theoretical problems of collecting and analyzing information in a business function area including business productivity tools, applications programming and implementation, electronic commerce, digital media production, data mining, and decision support. Communications and Networking deals with the telecommunication technologies. Information Systems bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Computer information system(s) (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society[15][16][17] while IS emphasizes functionality over design.[18] Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision making.[19] In a broad...
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...also preferably have a background in Human Resources and/or Payroll. The reason for this is XYZ feels that having someone with this background will benefit the company in that the candidate will not just be thinking technically but also in conjunction with the processes, laws and regulations both departments deal with. To develop the competency model for HRIS Supervisor, XYZ used the O*Net Website and reviewed both the Computer Systems Analyst and Human Resources Manager jobs pulling relative competencies from each to make up the HRIS Supervisor competencies. The areas that the competency model addresses are Tasks, Tools & Technology, Knowledge, Skills, Work Activities and Work Styles. XYZ focused on the main attributes of the position HRIS Supervisor would need to encompass. The below is the competency model that has been designed for the HRIS Supervisor position. (Find Occupations) HRIS Supervisor Competency Model Tasks All 21 displayed * Test, maintain, and monitor computer programs and systems, including coordinating the installation of computer programs and systems. * Develop, document and revise system design procedures, test procedures, and quality standards. * Serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, interpreting and...
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...3 Finance and Accounting 3 Terms 3 Information vs Data 3 Digital Manufacturing 3 DELMIA 3 POS 3 Inventory Management System 3 Mapping Technology 3 Electronic Business / E-Business 3 Electronic Commerce / E-Commerce 3 E-Government 3 Problem Solving 3 Critical Thinking 3 Steps 3 1. Problem Identification 3 Dimensions of Business Problems 3 Organizations 3 Technology 3 People 3 Examples 3 2. Solution Design 3 3. Solution Evaluation and Choice 3 4. Implementation 3 Analyzing Performance 3 Case Study Analysis 3 Identify the most important facts surrounding the case 3 Identify key issues and problems 3 Specify alternative courses of action 3 Evaluate each course of action 3 Recommend the best course of action 3 Information Systems 3 Definition 3 Information Technology versus Information Systems 3 Information Technology 3 Information System 3 Dimensions 3 Organization 4 Technology 4 Components 4 Hardware 4 Software 4 Data Management Technology 4 Networking and Telecommunications Technology 4 Function 4 People 4 Functions 4 Input 4 Processing 4 Output 4 Types 4 Strategic-level systems 5 Types 5 Executive Support Systems (ESS) 5 Management-level systems 5 Types 5 Management Information Systems (MIS) 5 Decision-Support Systems (DSS) / (Business Intelligence Systems) 5 Operational-level systems 5 Types 5 Transaction Processing System (TPS) 5 Enterprise Applications...
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