...Alternative Solutions to Juvenile Sex Offender Registration and Incarceration Introduction Whenever sex offenders are referenced in the news, they are portrayed as horrible monsters. People who hurt others despite knowing better. There is, however, another face to the perpetrators of sexual offenses. This face belongs to the juveniles who make up roughly one-third of the reported sexual offenses against minors (“VII. Sex Offender Laws,” n.d.). These offenders are usually between the ages of eighteen and twelve. Twenty-three percent of the offending juveniles were under the age of the eighteen and roughly 3.7 percent of the juveniles were under the age of twelve. The age at which these crimes seem to peak is fourteen (“VII. Sex Offender Laws,” n.d.). Many of these children don’t know any better. The juvenile sex offenders are often victims themselves. Many were victims of maltreatment, or exposed to pornography, drug addiction, alcoholism, or poor role models. A sad fact is that almost 80 percent of these offenders have, themselves, been sexually abused and they don’t know any better than to do unto others what was done to them. Throughout this paper, the different degrees of sexual assault and sexual offenses will be covered along with the different punishments that accompany them. I...
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...Alex Cecola Professor Carrick Writing 140 64595 Assignment #1 January 30, 2012 Bigger Than Life…Try Big Freedia Scientifically, humans have been defined as having opposable thumbs, higher thinking, having dominion over earth, etc. But what defines one human before another? What makes one human more interesting and marketable compared to the next? A human being can be “intersectionally” classified by race and class just based off gender. Race and class are not only verifications justified on a driver’s license and country club application background checks, but actually form and shape gender roles even in today’s so called “equal rights” society. One of the most intriguing characters making headlines lately is a, by sex, a male and yet is referred to as a “her” (Jonathan). Big Freedia comes from the musically established city of New Orleans where new genres of music seem to get pumped out by the decade. Big Freedia has taken full advantage of her city and the new music. Her genre of music can be labeled under “Sissy Bounce” subgenre. This type of music is an energetic upbeat twist off from the standard hip-hop music. This genre known as bounce was not started by Big Freedia, and she admits it and says she is just the next artist hoping to put bounce music on the map. (Jonathan) Upfront, Big Freedia is a taller rather larger man, standing at six feet and two inches tall. She dresses very fashionably yet portrays a more masculine look compared to a feminine one. Her...
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...Landry Jr, P. H. (1981). Gender bias in juvenile justice. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 18(1), 47-80. In this article of gender bias in juvenile justice the authors talk about discrimination against females in the justice system. It also talks about female status offenders and how they are treated worse than their male counterparts. This article uses data from six sites in the United States to determine if females are really treated worse than males. The results from this study shows bias against female offenders for some offenses and against boys for others. There is no consistency across the country that shows that these patterns hold true in every jurisdiction. Johnson, David R., and Laurie K. Scheuble. "GENDER BIAS IN THE DISPOSITION OF JUVENILE COURT REFERRALS: THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND LOCATION*." Criminology 29.4 (1991): 677-699. In this article it talks about a theory based on sex role traditionalism. It predicts a more punishing decision for female than for male offenders, while theory based on chivalry predicts greater leniency by the courts for female offenders. This is based on a sample of 36,680 juvenile court referrals in different jurisdictions over a nine year period. The authors use patterns of bias across time, location, offense committed and previous referrals to the court system. The theory that the authors use and support show the persistence of chivalry and a decline in sex role traditionalism in court decisions....
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...of. As times go on so does the family makeup, what was once a mom, dad and children can now be an aunt, a grandparent or even a foster parent or guardian looking after the child in place of the parental units. Due to the increasing change in the family environment so are the changes on children’s behaviors. Once a mother was able to stay home and care for the home and child, now most families cannot survive without both parents working leaving the child to their own devices. Females and males are different with how they react to situations and how they handle themselves. Females are more likely to involve their emotion when reacting to things where males tend to react and then think. Twenty Seven percent of young females made up the juvenile arrests in 1999 and only rose one percent in 2000. Young females are less likely to commit a crime that causes harm to others, yet they are more likely to commit a crime that causes harm to themselves. (Einstein Law, 2008). When a child is born they way they are treated and trained depends on their gender, boys are taught to be more dependent and leave the home when they get older to see the world, where girls are taught more of a dependency since they are more likely to be a victim of crime. Trying to keep a girl safe a parent may decide to keep the girl from experience the world as fast as they would a boy. Because of this, boys are more likely to commit a crime than a girl is. The way a child is socialized can determine the way they...
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...Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila SECOND DIVISION G.R. No. 166676 September 12, 2008 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner -‐ versus -‐ JENNIFER B. CAGANDAHAN, Respondent. DECISION QUISUMBING, J.: This is a petition for review under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court raising purely questions of law and seeking a reversal of the Decision[1] dated January 12, 2005 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 33 of Siniloan, Laguna, which granted the Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth Certificate filed by Jennifer B. Cagandahan and ordered the following changes of entries in Cagandahan’s birth certificate: (1) the name "Jennifer Cagandahan" changed to "Jeff Cagandahan" and (2) gender from "female" to "male." The facts are as follows. On December 11, 2003, respondent Jennifer Cagandahan filed a Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth...
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...LEYTE COLLEGES TACLOBAN CITY AN ASSESSMENT OF A PROPOSED CURFEW ORDINANCE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS IN TACLOBAN CITY : SOME PROPOSALS A Research Proposal Presented To The Faculty Of The College Of Criminology,Leyte Colleges,Tacloban City In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements In Crim 6 (Criminal Research And Statistics) For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Science In Criminology SUBMITTED TO SHEILA F.BASILIO Instructor SUBMITTED BY JOSE JOEY V. IGANA IV MARILOU AGNES V. VENIGAS OCTOBER ,2012 APPENDIX A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Direction: Respondents are advise to answer all questions honestly and sincerely. Only one answer is needed for every question. Put a check mark on the line for your chosen answer. 1. Demographic Profile 2.1 Age ____ 20 – 30 years old ____ 31 – 40 years old ____ 41 years old and above 2.2 Sex ____ Male ____ Female 2.3 Civil Status ____ Single ____ Married ____ Widow ____Separated ____ Divorce 2.4 Highest Educational Attainment ____ High School Graduate ____ College Level ____ with Masteral on Doctoral Degree 2. How effective will the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban City? ____ Very Effective ____ Effective ____ Moderately Effective ____ Less Effective ____ Uneffective 3. What are the roles of the Barangay Officials in the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban...
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...Historical Explanations for Female Juvenile Delinquency Introduction: The study of female juvenile delinquency is a relatively new area that has only just started to receive the proper attention. Even though men and women are different in many ways, it was only within the last century that there have been serious efforts to create a justice system and corrective programs that take sex differences into account. This paper will give a general overview of female juvenile delinquency, then it will describe the different historical explanations of female delinquency, and will conclude with some ideas for how to best deal with and prevent female juvenile delinquency. Background Information about Female Juvenile Delinquency: Official statistics and self-report data indicate that girls are less likely than boys to commit serious delinquent acts and this has been consistent across different time periods and cultures (Hoge et al., 2008). FBI arrest data reveals that no matter which jurisdictions were reporting in any given year, from 1970 - 2006, girls accounted from anywhere between 20 - 30 % of all juvenile arrests. For example, in 2006, there were 1,156,871 arrests of juvenile males and 469,652 arrests of female juveniles (Shoemaker, 2009). Although females have lower reported rates of criminal activity, this doesn't mean that the distribution of offenses is the same for boys and girls. For example, running away accounts for 4-7% of boys’ arrests opposed to 11-28% of girls’...
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...Intergrading Mentorship in Juvenile Justice The history documenting the vicissitudes of policy makers and scholars; each attempting to identify and develop creative methods to lower recidivism throughout the United States is often seen and felt within today’s field of juvenile corrections. Historically, juvenile detention centers “all over the country concern about keeping children out of jail and providing better facilities for care in detention” (Designs and Functions of the Juvenile Detention Center,1945). While previous movements and change such as the “inauguration of probation as a device for dealing with offenders” (Dunham, 1958) displays as a sample of the vigorous efforts of concerned individuals to manage wayward adolescence, these...
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...Juvenile Crime Paper Rochelle Gordon CJS/200 December 1, 2012 Dave Ross Juvenile Crime Paper In the juvenile justice system believes in giving a juvenile a second chance, and protects their privacy. They also want to make sure they receive treatment and support services rather than just punishment. The juvenile system focuses more on their needs, and those goals are met with treatment and rehabilitation so they won’t become repeat offenders. After a juvenile completes their program their records can be sealed or destroyed once they reach 18. The juvenile system status in question is to determine delinquency, whether an act of was violated or not. The system also wants to make sure the best interest of the child is taken into consideration, regardless if they are guilty or innocent. For the most part when a child is in custody and pending the hearing, they may be released into the custody of a parent or guardian. Juveniles have closed hearings instead of a trial. The right to a jury does not exist. A juvenile is not arrested; they are taken into custody from an order by the judge or complaint. Usually juveniles are only incarcerated with other youth offenders and in juvenile facilities. In the adult court system the status question for adults is to determine guilt or innocence. The goal for adult proceedings is to determine offender’s guilt or innocence. Pending a trial, an adult can be released through bail, or on their own recognizance. Adult trials are...
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...Prevention Jermaine Thomas CJ 3308 Juvenile Justice University of Houston-Downtown Causes of Delinquency and Methods of Prevention Introduction Juvenile delinquency is a term used to describe illegal acts committed by individuals in society younger than the age in which the government recognizes as him/her as an adult. In America, the general rule of thumb for labeling a person as a juvenile is any person between the age of 10 and 18. However, this does vary slightly from state to state. An act committed by a juvenile can only be considered delinquent if the same act is punishable if it were to be committed by an adult. Other violations of rules such as curfew violations and underage smoking are considered age-restricted violation as opposed to being labeled as a “delinquent act”. Juvenile Delinquency has always been an issue in the criminal justice system. A study done by Sharma, Mishra, & Kumar (2013) found that the average age of juvenile delinquents was 16.20 years of age, and the average age of non-delinquents was 16.5 years of age. Furthermore, of the delinquents, most of their crimes were committed at the age of 14.84 years of age. The creation of the juvenile justice system in 1899 in Chicago was a way of dealing with this growing problem. Since then, the juvenile justice system has been very useful in helping to evaluate, rehabilitate, and if necessary, punish juveniles that commit delinquent acts. However, the issue of juvenile delinquency has continued to be...
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...There are many juvenile programs such as job programs, education, and drug programs. There are computer training that can help teen and minors learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new. Many juveniles come from bad backgrounds such as family, sexual abuse, gang life and sex trades, and other problems. These problems can help minors learn something help them be better adults in the future. It can help them see and feel that they have a chance in life. Engaging with families involves releasing false assumptions. Agencies must assess and respond to the real needs of the teens and Minors. Many communities want the juvenile justice system to change. Some want the teens and minors off the street and some want them to get help. Many want law enforcement to be more involved and courts to help them. Law enforcement will do all they can to help minors get off the street. They help by Engaging families and communities in a form of restorative manner Building capacity of community-based organizations and parent advocates; and this can Includes ways of impacted communities on how advisory boards and commissions on how it can be impoved. There are many juvenile programs such as job programs, education, and drug programs. There are computer training that can help teen and minors learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new...
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...Gender and Family Assignment Introduction to Juvenile Justice By: Margaret Howe Instructor: Cathy Arrowsmith In the last twenty five or more years the rate of female juvenile delinquency has risen faster then that of their male counterparts, who statistical number have actually dropped. Within the criminology community the crimes of girls were often ignored because they were usually sexual in nature or emotional crimes such as killing a husband or boyfriend. Often times crimes committed by young people are done as a means of survival post running away from home. Running away is a very common thing for young people and in many cases these adolescents never return home, usually because they are fleeing a bad situation involving abuse of some kind sexual or physical. With the family unit taking on new meanings in this modern age many young people do not have the support of their family unlike those of previous generations. With the divorce being more common as is single parenting, often times having several children all with different other parents. Stable home environments have become very much a thing of the past. Children are often times not a top priority for their parents and this shows in the children and teens that are produced from this type of home. Female offenders often turn to gang life or sex crimes as a means of survival. In my observations with children I have watched grow, those who have had parents that were involved and had the time to be there for their...
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...Family Dysfunction and Juvenile Delinquency Allynda Casterton COM/156 April 13th, 2013 Phyllis Richardson Family Dysfunction and Juvenile Delinquency Children are born with many different physical and emotional needs. It is the parent’s responsibility to make sure that these needs are met all the way through adolescence. In today’s society most of the physical needs are easily taken care of. However the emotional needs are different and sometimes difficult to manage. The behavior of the parents, emotional and otherwise, is important factors in how a child will grow and function in society. For example, a loving and stable home and family will almost always produce a level headed and law abiding child, whereas a dysfunctional, hostile home and family will more than likely produce delinquency in a child. The relationship between children and their family life is very important because the American Family unit is changing. It is falling apart. Extended family that use to be around daily, are for the most part nonexistent. Taking the extended family’s place is daycare and video games. In her book Sins of the Father, Ruth Inglis, (1978) has named these new families “the nuclear family.” She also writes that “These new families have been described as a hot house of emotions because of the constant contact between parent and child” (p.131). Family problems are no longer relieved by the extended family that lives around the corner and because of this the nuclear family unit...
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...Special Populations Ann M. Morris ~ Arft University of Phoenix BSHS 402 April 30th, 2012 Jason Pepodila Special Populations Groups of people considered to have or be at a disadvantage are thought to be part of a special population. Different states and jurisdictions within will have varying definitions, and the populations who are served by the definition vary. The term can refer to disabled individuals, which under federal law means “an individual with any disability as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990” (U.S. Legal Definitions, para. 1, 2001-2012). Those considered to be in special populations are sometimes visible and other times they fit in with the rest of the world’s population, but still require special needs. “Ethnic minorities, veterans, disabled people, prison inmates, refugees and immigrants, children, and the elderly all face complex challenges as they strive to attain the advantages that other groups enjoy” (NORC at the University of Chicago, para.1. n.d.). Because of the recent wars being fought overseas, returning veterans may return the states with special needs requiring specialized help. At the same time as the wars are being fought, the economy has become less stable therefore hurting what could be considered traditional sources of help putting some of the special populations at risk for more hardships (NORC at the University of Chicago, para. 3, n.d.). The basics of this paper will include populations reviewed and...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency by definition is an underage child that commits a criminal crime or has an antisocial behavior. A big mistake by a lot of people within the United States is considering any child that misbehaves is a juvenile delinquent. There are many factors that contribute to a child heading down a wrong path and becoming a delinquent. A lot of these problems are found within a child’s life. Some factors include family structure, influence of media, and the influence of peers. When looking at juvenile delinquency, you must take into consideration what is going on at home. The majority of young people who become delinquents live in an environment with difficult circumstances. According to an article called Juvenile Delinquency (2003), children who are subjected to watching their parents deal with alcoholism, poverty, family breakdowns, or abusive conditions are usually the quickest to fall into the delinquent categories. Usually when this occurs children find unhealthy ways to cope with their anger or feelings thus leading towards doing drugs or committing crimes. Parents should focus on making sure children have a healthy environment to grow up in to keep family structure from being a key element towards a child starting a criminal career. The media is another factor when looking into the life of a juvenile delinquent. Video games and television shows are filled with crime and violence. Majority of children are introduced to these at a young age...
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