...Fibre Laser Cutting Introduction In the Fibre Laser Cutting experiment we were faced with a High Power Laser and required to design a series of experiments to determine how certain parameters affect laser cutting Aim To gain a basic understanding of the operation of High Power Class 4 Industrial Lasers in regards to the cutting of sheet metal, and how varying parameters affects the cuts finish. Objectives 1. Learn basic components of a high power (Class 4) laser system and the basic safety issues involved 2. Learn principles and characteristics of laser cutting 3. Design and perform an experiment to investigate how three process parameters; Laser power, Type of gas and gas flow rate affect cut quality by the analysis of samples 4. Learn basic procedure of sample preparation and analysis using an optical microscope and digital camera system for the examination of the samples 5. Reach evidence based conclusion as to how the three varied process parameters affect laser cut quality Background Information and Safety Procedures A Laser is a device the emits light through a process of optical amplification, this is generated by transitions between high and low energy states in atoms, ions and molecules (species) through various media in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A Laser works on the principle of light amplification where stimulated emission causes a photon to collide with another...
Words: 1998 - Pages: 8
...• PPE This acronym stands for Personal Protective Equipment. This term refers to the necessary equipment or goods that will ensure the safety of the individuals installing the wires and the individuals using them later for maintenance and other purposes. This equipment includes helmets, protective clothing, goggles, and other equipment or garment or that is designed for the sake of protecting the workers from injury. • Safe Work Habits The very first step that needs to be taken is to ensure that the optic fiber and copper cables that are about to be installed should comply with all the three requirements that includes the federal regulations, the international standards and the companies requirements. It is also important to wear your PPE and have the proper tools needed for the job. These are the safety rules that need to be followed with fiber optic and copper cable installation: 1. Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they can cause internal hemorrhaging 2. Wear disposable aprons to minimize fiber particles on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can later get into food, drinks, and/or be ingested by other means. 3. Always wear safety glasses with side shields and protective gloves. Treat fiber optic splinters the same as you would glass splinters. 4. Never look directly into the end of fiber cables until you are positive that there is no light source at the other end. Use a fiber optic power meter to...
Words: 2063 - Pages: 9
...the wavelength of the Laser using the diffraction pattern of Diffraction Grating. 2. Theory: A diffraction grating is made of many equally-spaced slits, the distance between two slits is d . The slits of a grating give rise to diffraction and the diffracted light interferes so as to set up interference patterns. The distance ym is the distance on the screen from the central bright spot (m = 0) to the next bright spot of order m. The condition for constructive interference is When the difference in path length between the light passing through different slits is an integral number of wavelengths of the incident light , bright m m 0, 1, 2, 3, ... Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3 bright d sin bright d sin bright m where : d is the distance between adjacent slits . θ is the angle the re-created image makes with the normal to the grating surface. λ is the wavelength of the light. m = 0, 1, 2, . . . is an integer. 1 282Phys. Diffracted light located at a distance L from the grating. Note that the angular separation between the spots is larger than a few degrees, so we should not use the small-angle approximations. The angular separation is: tan bright y bright L tan bright sin bright , bright tan 1 ( y bright L ) Equation 4 From equation 3 and 4 : d sin m Equation 5 ybright d sin[tan 1 ( )] m L L 2 282Phys. 3- Equipments list: 1 He-Ne laser, linearly polarized...
Words: 637 - Pages: 3
...NT 1310 May 18, 2013 Before you can begin to design a fiber optic cable design, one needs to establish with the user or network owner where the network will be built and what communications signals it will carry. (LANs or Local area network)And security systems use structure cabling systems built around well-defined industry Standards. Many campus carry backbone network used in industrial complexes or Institutions uses as long as 500 m or more cabling requiring optical fiber. Telephone networks are mainly outside the building (OSP) systems, connecting buildings over distances as short as few hundred meters to hundreds or thousands of Kilometers. Data rates for telecom are typically 2.5 to 10 gigabits per second using very high power lasers that operate exclusively over single modes fibers. Designing long distance or outside building application generally means choosing cabling containing singlemode (SM) Fiber over all other media. Many users may opt to use FTTD, as a complete fiber network because its very cost effective solution, negating the requirement for telecom rooms full switches, with data quality power and grounds, plus year-round air conditioning. Also choosing transmission equipment is the next step in designing a fiber optic network. This step will usually be cooperative venture involving the customer, who knows what kind of data they need to communicate, the desiner and installer, and the manufactures of transmission equipment. Also, the hardware must be appropriate...
Words: 410 - Pages: 2
...[Enter the REPORT TITLE here] Charter College Abstract In oral health care, the number and range of laser-based technologies have expanded enormously over the past two decades. The scope of this paper is to alert the dental professional to the extent, application, and responsibilities associated with safety when using lasers designed for use in dentistry. By far, the majority of laser instruments are within the private (nonhospital) clinic setting. Laser use extends from those procedures of a diagnostic or nonsurgical (bio stimulatory or photochemical) nature, to more powerful devices that are used in surgical procedures. Low-powered lasers may deliver energy of a few millijoules, whereas surgical lasers may have pulsed emission modes capable of peak power delivery in excess of 1,000 Watts. Laser radiation can be dangerous, because it is concentrated and powerful. This paper draws upon the standards outlined by the International Electro-technical Commission Keywords: ANSI: American National Standards Institute. A not-for-profit organization, founded in 1918, that oversees the administration and coordination of the United States private sector voluntary standardization system. OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A division of the U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA serves to ensure safety and health in the workplace. Created in 1971. FDA: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Founded through...
Words: 1409 - Pages: 6
...Laser safety starts with knowledge. Without it, blindness can happen in the blink of an eye. Lasers span distances at the speed of light, which, according to physics, is the fastest speed possible. There will be no warning before a laser beam does its damage. One instant, you are fine, and the next, you aren't. Besides their near instantaneous speed, laser light is collimated. That is, their rays of light are nearly parallel. This means the energy intensity of a beam diminishes little with distance. Depending on the laser, its beam may spread out by only a tenth of an inch after traveling ten feet. This is quite different from ordinary light, which diminishes in intensity with the square of its distance. For example, its intensity diminishes...
Words: 1018 - Pages: 5
...the anguished look in her eyes. The stricken expression that covers her entire face suggests she is defeated and resulting into her last option. Her desperate ambition to show that she has something worth fighting for. Robed in a yellow raincoat over a dark green long-sleeved sweater. Her dirty blonde hair under the hood of the raincoat getting soaked from the outpour of rain. As her dark green bulky satchel rests across her body illustrates that she plans on not going back to where she once came from. The girl lost in hopelessness tightly grasps her right hand around the body of a grenade. Her pointer finger steadily rests on top of the grenades lever allowing the viewer to automatically notice that the safety pin ring has already been pulled from the grenade. The safety pin ring dangles on her left pointer finger signifying the love of what she is fighting for is above her own precious life. With both of her hands out in front of her up in the air is her cry for mercy. The fact that the girl has already pulled the ring from its rightful...
Words: 755 - Pages: 4
...[pic] Criterios de Calidad en el Corte por Láser [pic] |:: Planchas y Tubos de: | |[pic] | |Acero en General: |SAE 1010, 1020, 1045; Diamantada, T1 360/500hB; BORA; Zinc/Alum, Galvanizado, Laina Acerada | | |(Fleje azul), Templado; Cromo Níquel; Acero Rápido; etc. | |Espesores: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 20mm. | |Tolerancias: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 6mm.: ±0,2mm.desde: 8mm Hasta: 10 mm.: ±0,3mm.desde: 12mm Hasta: 20 mm.: | | |±0,5mm. | |Acero Inoxidable: |AISI 302, 304, 310, 316, 420, 430, Diamantada, etc. | |Espesores: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 12mm. | |Tolerancias: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 6mm.: ±0,2mm.desde: 8mm Hasta:12mm.: ±0,5mm. | |Aluminio: |Temple H. | |Espesores: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 10mm. | |Tolerancias: |desde: 0,1mm Hasta: 5mm...
Words: 4394 - Pages: 18
...Information Search: LASER (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) In 1917 a process called Stimulated Emission, this is what makes lasers possible and was thought of by Albert Einstein. Although this was thought of so early, it took another 30 years before other physicists made practical usage of this principle. Once completed, scientists were amazed at the breakthrough, however it didn’t, at the time, have any real use. Lasers is a source of light used in our everyday lives. They are very focused and accurate sources of light, thus we find them almost anywhere and help us in many different ways. They are incredibly useful in the Medical Field. They are often used in Laser Eye Surgery and Laser Ulcer Removal. They do so, because the laser beam is so intense, it burns through a tiny amount of tissue within the eye. The laser can also be used as a scalpel, which can make a small incision to reach the stomach ulcer. Lasers are also used in Compact Disk Players, CDs/DVDs/Blu Ray, Super Market Scanners, Laser Shows, Fiber Optic Cables, Cutting, Measuring Distance and much more. Clearly lasers have a major impact in our lives as advancing human beings. Atoms can get “excited” when they take in light, heat and/or electricity. Usually though atoms will remain in a “ground state” which is more stable, and will return to this state within nanoseconds. However to return to this state, the atoms must relieve themselves of the current...
Words: 871 - Pages: 4
...the cost of laser eye operation The advantage of new technology has made possible to clear our vision through a corrective procedures for surgical but the laser surgery for eyes cost is very high. You may pay for more because of the advance in technology and in most of situations you won’t cover the cost for optical insurance plan. For these reason we offering you some foresight to expect that you may consider laser surgery for eyes very near . But surgical price may vary in procedure so the price will also vary depending upon where you going to get the procedure for the surgery.But it is very essential that you should do research before going to sign in a line which is dotted. You should see all the facts carefully and be sure that there will be no hidden charges very first thing is that, you planned to to do corrective surgery for eyes; you should aware of the cost of laser surgery for eyes,so firstly you should consult a professional medical and please enquire about the procedure, then choose the best one fit for your health and also check your health will allow you to do this surgery. There are some requirements for the patients to pass for the test.To correct your visible problems various surgical procudures can be performed.. LASEK,PRK,and LASIK are the most common used laser procedures. RLE(refractive lens exchange) method can be used even though this methd is not approved by FDA.Additionally some other technology options available even for laser technology...
Words: 1331 - Pages: 6
...About LASIK About LASIK surgery: LASIK is laser vision-correction in the blink of an eye . The ultimate solution to replacing contact lenses and spectacles. What is LASIK? LASIK stands for ‘Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis’ which means ‘ to shape the cornea within its layers with the use of the Excimer laser’. Hi-tech solution combining advanced computer technology with laser precision: LASIK is a skilled procedure that combines the state-of-the-art computer technology with advanced laser precision. While the earlier laser procedure viz PRK treated the surface of the cornea, LASIK treats the inner tissue of the cornea and restructures it in a manner which grains down myopia (minus power) and hypermetropia (plus power). LASIK Knowledge Centre: LASIK procedure -step-by-step: * First, the eye surgeon uses an instrument known as a microkeratome to make a thin flap of the outer layer of the cornea. * Then he folds back the flap, which remains attached on one side. * Next, he uses the cool laser light from the Excimer laser to ’ablate'‘ i.e. remove the pre-determined amount of tissue to reshape the cornea with great accuracy and corrects the individual's refractive error. * The cornea is made flatter to treat near-sightedness, and steeper to treat far-sightedness and/or more spherical to correct astigmatism. * Finally, after the laser is administered, he lays back the corneal flap in its original position, where it bonds itself instantly. * Due to...
Words: 3868 - Pages: 16
...Laser application in obstetrics and gynecology Abstract : For thelast20years,laser technology has evolved as an important tool in surgical treatment and It is widely used in gynecologyandobstetrics.Especiallyinthetreatmentofvulvarandbenignandpremalignantcervicaldysplasiasitcan be consideredasthegoldstandard.Inprenatalmedicine,lasercoagulationofplacentavesselshasbeenshowntobe superiortoanyotherintrauterinetherapyoftwin-to-twintransfusionsyndromeinmonochorionictwinpregnancies. However, not all expectations in laser technology have been fulfilled. In laparoscopy, for instance, the use of the laser has been abandoned in favor of high-frequency electric surgery. This manuscript gives a short introduction to current therapeutic applications and limits of laser technology in gynecology and obstetrics.: Introduction While the history of laser began in1951,the first medical application in dermatology was reported by Goldmanin1962 . Since then, laser technology has evolved as an important tool in surgical treatment and it is widely used in gynecology and obstetrics. Especially in the treatment of benign and premalignant vulvar and cervical dysplasias the standard treatment involves the application of laser energy . In prenatal medicine, laser coagulation of placenta vessels has shown to be superior to any other intrauter in etherapy of twin- to-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies . However ,not all expectations in laser technology have...
Words: 3235 - Pages: 13
...Research Paper Wireless Electricity Imagine the following scenario unfolding. Nick has had a long day at work on Friday and is ready to go home. The whole twenty minute drive home all he can think about is how excited he is to take his family on a weekend trip to the beach. As he pulls into his driveway, he notices that the front light isn’t on like usual, but the fact is quickly lost in his mind as a thousand other thoughts are clamoring for his attention. Just as he steps through the threshold of the door, his phone goes off. It’s his wife. Something’s come up, their daughter isn’t feeling well. She tells Nick that they are at the local hospital and is about to tell him to pick something important up at the pharmacy when his phone dies. Panic sets in. The first thought that leaps into his head is what happened to his daughter. The second is what is he supposed to get to help her. After a couple minutes of searching around his house for a charger, Nick is finally able to call his wife back and discover that he was supposed to pick up the allergy medicine his daughter needs. While this situation may seem a bit more dramatic than a normal situation, dead cellphone batteries, and any battery for that matter, are becoming a familiar headache in a wireless world. But what if this headache had a cure? Imagine that instead of Nick’s phone dying once he got home, it started instantly charging once he entered his house. No cord or cable needed, just wireless...
Words: 3214 - Pages: 13
...would you use fiber instead of UTP copper? Fiber should be used instead of copper when the application requires an application speed to deliver a signal over a distance greater than 100 meters and when better security and resistance to EMI are critical operating factors. 3. In most Short-distance applications of 10-550 meters using optical fiber, multimode fiber is the preferred choice over single-mode fiber. This is because single-mode- based systems are more expensive than multimode cable, what factors lead to single-mode systems being more expensive? A total optical system includes the cable, connectors, connectivity apparatus, and electronics. Since single-mode fiber has a much smaller core size, the manufacturing tolerances of lasers, connectors, and connectivity apparatus is much tighter than multimode parts. As a result, these parts are more expensive and lead to the overall single mode system being more expensive. 4. What is the primary performance factor affecting multimode fiber transmission capability and how can you minimize this? The main performance factor affecting multimode transmission is modal dispersion. Modal dispersion can be minimized by specifying a 50 micron multimode fiber instead of a 62.5 micron fiber because 50 micron fiber transmits fewer modes and thereby has lower inherent modal dispersion. Once 50 micron fiber is specified, modal dispersion can be...
Words: 303 - Pages: 2
...Definition Hologram Projector with an in-house computer system capable of feeding the projector with fully uncompressed video files. It consist of two technologies namely, the holography and the projector. Holography is a method which allows three-dimensional images to be made. It includes the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording, and suitable illumination of the recording. The image changes as the position and orientation of the viewing system changes in exactly the same way as if the object are still present, therefore making it three-dimensional. The projector that will be used in this project is a overhead projector. An overhead projector is a variation of the common slide projector that is used to display images to a group of people. II. Project Description Hologram Projector is a projector wherein it can reflect the full dimension of an image. It consists of a laser, interference, and diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording. Hologram Projector is AC operated. It projects special white light or laser light. The light produces two- and three-dimensional images. Authentic 3-D images require laser-based holographic projectors. It can be presented from different angles and can be seen in true perspective. III. Process Description To come up with the Hologram projector’s design wasn’t easy. The group had to go through several brain-storming sessions and researches to come up not only with an appropriate...
Words: 627 - Pages: 3
