...Arshia Shafiei Student No: 21273317 Dec 12, 2014 Critically evaluate the classical and human relations approaches of management theory. One of the most important human activities is managing. Since the development of the first human civilizations managing has been essential to accomplish aims and objectives and ensure the coordination of individuals Olum (2004). Management is defined as the combination of the skills and talents of individuals concerned with getting things done through people by taking into account the resources for profitable activities Pettinger (1994). In the early twentieth century, Henry Fayol defined management as the process of “forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling” Fayol (1949). Subsequently, Koontz and O’donell (1988) suggested the definition of management as “an operational process dissected by analyzing the managerial functions such as planning and organizing”. Over the last centuries management has been studied with the view of establishing what constitutes a successful manager Petinger (1994). The search for applicable principles of management initiated in the last years of nineteenth century in Europe and America Cole (2004). Like any other social practice, at the heart of management is theory that managers can deploy to achieve competition advantage and use more incisive interventions McAuley et al (2007). In addition the basic requirement of managers for meeting the challenges like competition, use of...
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...Contract Law LAW OF CONTRACT Name: Institution: A contract can be simply defined as an agreement made by parties that is legally binding by its nature. It can also be defined as legally binding set of promises or promises (Lawrence & Elizabeth, 2007). A breach of any aspects of the agreement or a promise that constitutes a contract will lead to a subsequent remedy from the party that has been accused of the breach. The law of contract as shall be later discussed has provided for such remedies. The obligation to perform the duties that the law recognizes the contractual document or agreement specified. This defining characteristic of the contract is broadly known as enforceability. A contract is thus an agreement that is deemed enforceable. However, it is worthy to point out that while it is generally acceptable that all contracts are agreements, the reverse is not true. Not all agreements constitute a contract. The law of contract may classify contracts as follows: specialty or written contracts, contracts that are evidenced in writing, contracts that are under a seal and simple contracts. Specialty contracts are contracts, which the law specifies that they must be written. A formal structured document embodies a specialty or written contract. Examples of contracts that the law classifies as specialty contracts include insurance contracts like marine insurance, lease and hire purchase agreements and the contracts that will put in place proceedings that are...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE, LITERATURE Int.J.Eng.Lang.Lit&Trans.StudiesVol.2.Issue.(IJELR) (Oct-Dec) AND TRANSLATION STUDIES 4.2015 A QUARTERLY, INDEXED, REFEREED AND PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL http://www.ijelr.in KY PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol.2.Issue 4.,2015 (Oct.-Dec.) A ROLE OF ENGLISH TEACHER IN STRENGTHENING THE VOCABULARY OF THE STUDENTS Dr.S.PADMA PRIYA Assistant Professor, Department of English, Adaikalamatha College, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu. Dr.S.PADMA PRIYA ABSTRACT This research article examines the various methods in teaching vocabulary. Vocabulary learning is an essential part in language learning process. Memorizing is a traditional and boring method for students. An English teacher should use creative techniques to imbibe new words with interactive activities. Good communication skills and basic writing skills are needed to shine better in career. Students from rural side, find very difficult to make their own sentences in English. It is an ultimate job of an English teacher to create an unstoppable enthusiasm to learn new words. A well-versed vocabulary will enable a student to perform well in class discussions, to read general books faster and to shine in various fields. An English teacher should insist a student to develop a habit of reading for pleasure. Reading beyond text books make a student versatile in all fields. Our words show our attitude. Others judge us not only with...
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...Three most pressing issues in Organizational Behavior and the practices that might be implemented Organization behavior is the study of behaviors and attitudes of people in an organization. After all human behaviors and attitudes determine effectiveness of any organization. The approach used in studying OB is the system approach. In other words, this approach interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. In this paper we propose to study leadership, motivation and organizational conflict, as among the most pressing issues in organizational behavior. Further, we shall discuss how these issues can be addressed. Critical role of motivation It is critical for managers to understand why and how employees are motivated if they are to make full use of a worker’s capacity to learn and perform. For a manager, motivating employees to learn and perform at their best is a complex and difficult challenge. No two individuals, that is, no two employees including the two who are doing the same job are alike. At any time two different individuals will have two distinct needs and desires. Moreover, what motivates an employee to perform well today may not motivate him the next year, or next week, or even next hour. However, a motivated set of employees represent tremendous promise....
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...LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MOST PRESSING TOPICS IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organization behavior is the study of behaviors and attitudes of people in an organization. After all human behaviors and attitudes determine effectiveness of any organization. The approach used in studying OB is the system approach. In other words, this approach interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. In this paper we propose to study leadership, motivation and organizational conflict, as among the most pressing issues in organizational behavior. Further, we shall discuss how these issues can be addressed. 1. Critical role of motivation It is critical for managers to understand why and how employees are motivated if they are to make full use of a worker’s capacity to learn and perform. For a manager, motivating employees to learn and perform at their best is a complex and difficult challenge. No two individuals, that is, no two employees including the two who are doing the same job are alike. At any time two different individuals will have two distinct needs and desires. Moreover, what motivates an employee to perform well today may not motivate him the next year, or next week, or even next hour. However, a motivated set of employees represent tremendous...
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...1.2. Differentiate between leadership and management. According to the extract how can leaders become more effective? Discuss. Leadership and management are two terms which have been used hand in hand and sometimes are often used interchangeably to describe positions in which one may direct a group of people. The might sound similar but they have different meaning and are one of the most researched topics in business management today. Today’s groups, organizations, and teams need both effective leaders and effective managers to run a successful operation. While some obvious similarities (i.e. they both involve influencing constituents or employees; authority and power are generally given with both positions) can be found between leadership and management, there are also some striking differences (i.e. management is often more task-oriented; leadership is often considered more inspirational and visionary). Management refers to roles which typically involve the supervision of employees. The depth or reality of a manager’s responsibility may differ depending on his position, for example a human resources manager has to ensure that his subordinates arrange and carry out recruitment to occupy vacant company positions, while a finance manager has to organize the collection of commercial trends and aid decision making of the higher-ups based on analyses. The manager is responsible for creating and executing plans based on organization’s goals set by the superiors and to measure...
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...there are still successful people who operate differently. Practical implications – Readers of the paper will be able to make immediate application of the model. Originality/value – Even presentation of the obvious has value. The model format is a dynamic document that others can use and improve upon. Keywords Management history, Management theory Paper type General review ˆ Plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose. The more things change, the more they stay ¸ the same. Whatever the intended interpretation, this well-known phrase communicates the idea that the past serves as an accurate prologue and interpreter for the present as well as the future. Plutarch, centuries ago, observed: To make no mistakes is not in the power of man; but from their errors and mistakes the wise and good learn wisdom for the future. Journal of Management History Vol. 12 No. 3, 2006 pp. 278-292 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1751-1348 DOI 10.1108/17511340610670188 Within the context of business, it could be theorized, that the essence of this statement might hold the much-needed...
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...been filled with a lot of information—forms, rules, regulations, guidelines, and plenty of tips and tricks from Jerry on how to cope with the unexpected. In the peace and quiet of his apartment, Tony started thinking back to his earlier days at the Taco Barn and to the many lessons he had learned from both Jerry and Dawn. They were very different in their approach to their jobs. Dawn was all about the numbers. 26 LEARNING objectives CH A P T ER After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1 Explain the role of the Industrial Revolution in the development of managerial thought and identify the captains of industry and their role in management’s evolution. Define scientific management, and outline the role Frederick W. Taylor played in its development. Identify and explain the human relations movement. Explain the systems...
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...And Then There Were None Agatha Christie ← Plot Overview → Eight people, all strangers to each other, are invited to Indian Island, off the English coast. Vera Claythorne, a former governess, thinks she has been hired as a secretary; Philip Lombard, an adventurer, and William Blore, an ex-detective, think they have been hired to look out for trouble over the weekend; Dr. Armstrong thinks he has been hired to look after the wife of the island’s owner. Emily Brent, General Macarthur, Tony Marston, and Judge Wargrave think they are going to visit old friends. When they arrive on the island, the guests are greeted by Mr. and Mrs. Rogers, the butler and housekeeper, who report that the host, someone they call Mr. Owen, will not arrive until the next day. That evening, as all the guests gather in the drawing room after an excellent dinner, they hear a recorded voice accusing each of them of a specific murder committed in the past and never uncovered. They compare notes and realize that none of them, including the servants, knows “Mr. Owen,” which suggests that they were brought here according to someone’s strange plan. As they discuss what to do, Tony Marston chokes on poisoned whiskey and dies. Frightened, the party retreats to bed, where almost everyone is plagued by guilt and memories of their crimes. Vera Claythorne notices the similarity between the death of Marston and the first verse of a nursery rhyme, “Ten Little Indians,” that hangs in each bedroom. The next morning...
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...Do Inmates Deserve a Second Chance? Cari Adee, James Crooms, Latandra Sain, Taylor Cotter, Rodney Henry, Breanna Johnson, Latonia Pitts BCOM/275 7/20/2014 Do inmates deserve a second chance? Every time that you turn on the news you see it: School shootings, babies being left in the car by parents, people selling and doing drugs, people being murdered, raped and assaulted. According to the inter press services, in the last three decades people that are in prison have increased almost 790 percent, in the last 30 years the inmates count has risen from 25,000 to 219,000 and is still rising at a disrupting rate. The question that we need to ask ourselves is if the people that get out of prison deserve a second chance at a normal life. Everyone has a different opinion on this topic. Some people will agree that once a person serves time for the crime that they committed then they deserve a chance to start over. While others think that those who committed a crime should have thought about their actions before they did the things that they did. This paper will not just go over to the pros of why inmates deserve a second chance but the cons as well, in hopes that whoever reads this paper will make their own judgments based on all the information and not just part of the evidence. There are many pros for why a criminal deserves a second chance at life. For instance, many criminals have families that are in need of their assistance, financially, physically, and emotionally. There...
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...The purpose of this paper is to accurately and critically analyze the major changes of technology throughout the film industry’s history. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology and evolved and their effects on the film industry. Although the growth of technology in the film industry may seem of concern to only film makers, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about the future of the cinematography and/or television. Innovations in film technology have undoubtedly shaped the film industry into what it is today. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology have evolved, and their effects on film production. Utilizing what we have learned in class and multiple sources of research, we will critically analyze the major changes in film technology history. The world’s first films produced were black and white, but even to make a black and white film, several important inventions were required. These inventions needed to record video, store the recording, and produce enough lighting to be able to see the scene. In 1893, Thomas Edison introduced the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope to the public, which may have been the largest innovation in film technology (Movie History). The Kinetograph was the first motion picture camera, and was combined with the Kinetoscope which housed a lamp and...
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...J.B.M. Vol. 17 No. 1 Journal of Business and Management Editors Cristina M. Giannantonio, Ph.D. Amy E. Hurley-Hanson, Ph.D. Published by Chapman University’s Argyros School of Business and Economics Sponsored by the Western Decision Sciences Institute WDSI WDSI WESTERN DECISION SCIENCES INSTITUTE The Western Decision Sciences Institute is a regional division of the Decision Sciences Institute. WDSI serves its interdisciplinary academic and business members primarily through the organization of an annual conference and the publication of the Journal of Business and Management. The conference and journal allow academicians and business professionals from all over the world to share information and research with respect to all aspects of education, business, and organizational decisions. PRESIDENT Mahyar Amouzegar California State University, Long Beach PRESIDENT-ELECT Nafisseh Heiat Montana State University-Billings PROGRAM CHAIR/VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS/PROCEEDINGS EDITOR John Davies Victoria University of Wellington VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS-ELECT Sheldon R. Smith Utah Valley State College VICE PRESIDENT FOR MEMBER SERVICES David Yen Miami University of Ohio SECRETARY/TREASURER Richard L. Jenson Utah State University DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Abbas Heiat Montana State University - Billings IMMEDIATE PAST-PRESIDENT G. Keong Leong University of Nevada, Las Vegas REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT Vijay Kannan Utah State University Journal of Business...
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...Mishkin. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Two Decades of Japanese Monetary Policy and the Deflation Problem Takatoshi Ito and Frederic S. Mishkin NBER Working Paper No. 10878 October 2004 JEL No. E42, E52, E58 ABSTRACT This paper reviews Japanese monetary policy over the last two decades with an emphasis on the experience of deflation from the mid-1990s. The paper is quite critical of the conduct of monetary policy, particularly from 1998 to 2003. The Bank of Japan’s rhetoric was not helpful in fighting deflation, and the interest rate hike in August 2000 amid deflation was a serious mistake. Deflation can be quite costly, and a key element in both preventing and escaping deflation is the management of expectations, using either price level or inflation...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Definition of Leadership and Management 2 1.1 Traits of a successful leader 3 1.2 Theories of leadership and Management 5 The Great man theory 5 Trait theory 6 Behavioural theory 6 Role theory 6 Leadership grid 7 Situational leadership theory 7 Path goal theory 7 Transformational leadership 7 Collective leadership 8 1.3 Challenges of leadership and management practice 8 Definition of Motivation 9 2.1 Theories of Motivation 9 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 9 Frederick Herzberg's Two Factors Theory 11 Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y 11 The expectancy theory 12 The goal setting theory 12 The equity theory 12 2.2 Roles of Leadership and Management in Motivation 12 2.3 Contribution of Performance Management systems 15 Definition of Group 16 Definition of Team 16 Difference between Groups and Teams 16 3.1 How to develop a team 16 3.2 Different models of team leadership 17 Tuckman’s team development model 18 3.3 Importance of Teams within Organisation 19 Conclusion 19 References 20 Leadership Management Introduction Leadership is important for an organization to run its management system successfully. It is necessary for an organization to run properly and manage the employee in such a way the organization can get maximum output from them. A good leader of an organization can operate the activities of the business including set the purpose and organizational objectives, define...
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