...Regulations on cheating, plagiarism and collusion. We declare that this piece of work is our own and does not contain any unacknowledged work from any other sources. We authorise the University to test any work submitted by us, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. We understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying our work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted by others. Note: The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. Signed: Signed: Signed: Signed: RICARDOSEMLER Signed: 22 Date: 1 GROUP ASSIGNMENT RICARDO SEMLER: ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP AT SEMCO ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOUR OBM60104 Dr. Shanthi Bavani RICARDOSEMLER 2 RICARDOSEMLER 2 1 (30%) Explain and differentiate the...
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...Fiedler contingency model The Fiedler contingency model is a leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Fred Fiedler (born 1922), one of the leading scientists who helped his field move from the research of traits and personal characteristics of leaders to leadership styles and behaviours. 1 Two factors 1.1 Least preferred co-worker (LPC) 1.2 Situational favourableness 2 Leader-situation match and mismatch 2.1 Examples 3 Opposing views 4 Summary Two factors The first management style, Taylorists, assumed there was one best style of leadership. Fiedler’s contingency model postulates that the leader’s effectiveness is based on ‘situational contingency’ which is a result of interaction of two factors: leadership style and situational favorableness (later called situational control). More than 400 studies have since investigated this relationship. Least preferred co-worker (LPC) The leadership style of the leader, thus, fixed and measured by what he calls the least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale, an instrument for measuring an individual’s leadership orientation. The LPC scale asks a leader to think of all the people with whom they have ever worked and then describe the person with whom they have worked least well, using a series of bipolar scales of 1 to 8, such as the following: Unfriendly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Friendly Uncooperative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cooperative Hostile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Supportive .... 1 2 3 4 5...
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...Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership is regarded by many as the first situational theory of leadership. He broke with the behavioral theorists of leadership and hypothesized that their is no one right way for a leaders to behave in all situations. He went on to state that situations could be classified as most, moderately and least favorable to leadership based on three dimensions -- leader-member relations, task structure and position power. Fiedler's Theory of Leadership is more complex than the behavioral theories of leadership. He said in took a pretzel shaped hypothesis to explain a pretzel shaped world. One of the contributions of his theory of leadership was the idea that not one form of leadership is appropriate for all situations. He continued to view most people as having a predisposition to be either task or relationship-oriented as a primary style of leadership. In addition, he recognized that people had a secondary style of leadership which they could use in low stress situations. For task-oriented leaders, their secondary style was relationship-oriented. For relationship-oriented, the secondary style is to look for new challenges. To understand the situation, Fiedler said that the following three factors had to be considered: Leader-member relations - Degree to which a leader is accepted and supported by the group members. Task structure - Extent to which the task is structured and defined, with clear goals and procedures. Position power - The ability...
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...Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Business Management LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONS Name: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan Student ID: 23045438 Word count: 3596 Module Leader UK : Janette Hurst Module Leader Singapore: Jasmine Puah Table of Contents Introduction 3 Trait Approach to Leadership Theory 3 Advantages of Trait Approach 4 Disadvantages of Trait Approach 4 Situational and Contingency Approach 6 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory: 7 Advantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Disadvantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Harsey-Blanchard Situational Leadership 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model 12 Transformational Approach to Leadership 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transformational Approach to Leadership 15 Similarities of different approaches 15 Differences of Different Approaches 16 Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendix 22 Appendix 1: Zaccaro’s Model to Trait Approach 22 Appendix 2 : LPC Scale 22 Appendix 3: Fielder's Contingency model 23 Appendix 4: Harsey and Blanchard Situational Model 23 Appendix 5: Transformational Approach to Leadership 24 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss different approaches to leadership. Different approaches to leadership have been described using different models along with charts and tables to provide a better understanding on each model. It also states the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and how the disadvantage...
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...the employees under Jonathan including Stephanie are satisfied with their jobs and the way they are treated. Dan in contrast prefers for most of his employees to work in the same area each day and insists employees have shorter lunch breaks, than the amount of time allotted in the company policy. The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership The path-goal theory of leadership defines the role of a leader as one who outlines the goals and lays down the path for the subordinate to facilitate success and completion of the goals. The leader empowers the group to reach their goals, and ensures that they share an awareness of what those goals are. The path-goal theory centers on the motivational factors of the subordinates by showing employees how their accomplishments directly affects their reception of expected rewards (Certo& Certo 345). The path-goal theory suggests that the leaders under this theory possess four styles of leadership which are directive behavior, supportive behavior, participative behavior and achievement behavior. With directive behavior the leader lets followers know what is expected of them and tells them how to perform their tasks. In supportive leadership, the leader is friendly and shows interest in the followers as fellow human beings and the leader also shows concern for the followers’ personal needs. Participative behavior involves leaders consulting with followers and asking for their suggestions before making a decision. Followers give suggestions pertaining...
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...Leadership Theories and HCAHPS Score Leadership Theories and HCAHPS Scores Which leadership theory is the best to implement the much needed goal of increasing HCAHPS scores? This paper seeks to identify two different leadership theories to see which is better in leading the nursing duties and tasks to improve quality of care for the patients which in turns result in higher HCAHPS scores. This paper will also seek to discuss strengths and weaknesses of the two different leadership styles so to have a better understanding of how each works and see which one would be better suited to help increase HCAHPS scores. First we need to know what HCAHPS are and why they are so important to the healthcare industry. HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) has been around since 2005 and is going to effect payment from CMS for the hospitals. This payment affects the reimbursement of patients discharged from October 1, 2012 and forward. By holding health care providers accountable for both the cost and quality of care will hopefully reduce poor care and reward high performing providers. This survey that the patients participate in gives a report card on how a hospital is doing per the patient’s perspective. It also is an incentive program for the hospitals to improve their quality of care. (HCAHPS, 2013) There were three goals that shaped HCAHPS survey. First, it was designed to compare date on patients’ perception...
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...Leadership Models Leadership styles cannot be fully explained by behavioural models. The situation in which the group is operating also determines the style of leadership which is adopted. Several models exist which attempt to understand the relationship between style and situation, four of which are described here: • Fiedler's Contingency Model. • Hersey-Blanchard Situational Theory. • Path-Goal Theory. • Vroom-Yetton Leadership Model The models described have limited validity, but are still widely used. [pic] Fiedler's Contingency model Fiedler's model assumes that group performance depends on: • Leadership style, described in terms of task motivation and relationship motivation. To determine one’s basic style, Fiedler created the least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire-containing 16 contrasting adjectives. • Situational favourableness, determined by three factors: 1. Leader-member relations - Degree to which a leader is accepted and supported by the group members. 2. Task structure - Extent to which the task is structured and defined, with clear goals and procedures. 3. Position power - The ability of a leader to control subordinates through reward and punishment. High levels of these three factors give the most favourable situation, low levels, the least favourable. Relationship-motivated leaders are most effective in moderately favourable situations. Task-motivated leaders are most effective at either end of...
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...4-1-2010 Can Leadership Be Developed by Applying Leadership Theories? : An Examination of Three Theory-based Approaches to Leadership Development Joshua C. Laguerre Rhode Island College, JOSHUA.LAGUERRE@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ric.edu/honors_projects Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Human Resources Management Commons, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, and the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons Recommended Citation Laguerre, Joshua C., "Can Leadership Be Developed by Applying Leadership Theories? : An Examination of Three Theory-based Approaches to Leadership Development" (2010). Honors Projects Overview. Paper 42. http://digitalcommons.ric.edu/honors_projects/42 This Honors is brought to you for free and open access by the Rhode Island College Honors Projects at Digital Commons @ RIC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects Overview by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ RIC. For more information, please contact hbenaicha@ric.edu, andrewjasondavis@gmail.com. CAN LEADERSHIP BE DEVELOPED BY APPLYING LEADERSHIP THEORIES?: AN EXAMINATION OF THREE THEORY-BASED APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT By Joshua C. Laguerre An Honors Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Honors in The Department of Management and Marketing The School of Management Rhode Island College 2010 1 Can Leadership Be Developed?...
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...FINDING THE LEADER IN YOU: SELF - ASSESSMENT A Definition of Leadership A traditional definition of leadership: Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Three important parts of this definition are the terms interpersonal, influence, and goal. · Interpersonal means between persons. Thus, a leader has more than one person (group) to lead. · Influence is the power to affect others. · Goal is the end one strives to attain. Basically, this traditional definition of leadership says that a leader influences more than one person toward a goal. The definition of leadership used in this course follows. LEADERSHIP is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common Purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. PERSONALITY PROFILE This profile speaks about my personality based on the assessment from the Self –Assessment Johari window. Resistance to stress basically says I have the ability to work even under stressful conditions Tolerance for uncertainties with good ability to get work done under ambiguous and uncertain conditions. Social objectivity says am good with the ability to act free of racial, ethnic gender and other prejudices or biases. Inner work standards shows good ability to personality set and work to high performance standards...
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...Outcomes – Leadership • Discuss the trait theories of leadership • Explain the behavioral theories for understanding leadership • Describe Fiedler’s contingency model for leading • Outline the Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership theory • Describe the characteristics of the charismatic leader • Contrast the differences between transactional and transformational leaders • Gain a greater understanding of one’s own leadership style through self-assessment Leadership is the art and science of getting the job done through the willing efforts of others. The essence of leadership is to influence behavior. Overview We will be looking at the leadership phenomenon from four areas of theory and research. • Trait theory of leadership • Behavioral theories of leadership • Contingency model of leadership • Contemporary models of leadership Leadership can be explained by exploring these four different approaches. Trait Theory – Trait theory is based on an individual’s personal attributes as a leader. Trait theories seek to identify such traits such as personality, social, physical or intellectual traits that will identify leaders. Six traits have been identified as a requirement for leadership. They are: • energy, ambition, and drive • the desire to lead • honesty and integrity • self-confidence • intelligence – cognitive ability • job related knowledge Behavioral Theories – Behavioral...
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...Finding a Perfect Position Finding a perfect position requires an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a person’s leadership style. The Leadership Assessment from Pearson/Prentice Hall was conducted within the framework of the University of Phoenix assessment site. Results from this regimen reveal that the author is task oriented (Robbins, 2009). Recognition of weakness in one’s style should be considered positively since it would be contrary to the best interests of an individual or an organization to employ the services of that person based on attributes which could eventually lessen effectiveness. The assessment clearly revealed that my weakness from a leadership style perspective is that I am not people or relationship oriented. This should not mean that I have anti-social tendencies but is closely aligned to my perception or attitude concerning particular tasks. When given an assignment I develop expectations which will formulate my approach to that task. The task must be efficiently carried to completion. My expectations would include that the people assigned to this task are capable and if proven otherwise, they should be replaced or given the opportunity for correction. The assessment may correctly indicate that I have a lower concern for people and do not necessarily trust people. This bears a strong relationship to my task orientation in which that particular strength causes or requires me to maintain a focus on the vision of the involvement of...
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...Chapter 18 Managers as Leaders Leaders in organizations make things happen. But what makes leaders different from nonleaders? What’s the most appropriate style of leadership? What can you do to be seen as a leader? Those are just a few of the questions we’ll try to answer in this chapter. Focus on the following learning outcomes as you read and study this chapter. LEARNING OUTCOMES 18.1 Define leader and leadership. 18.2 Compare and contrast early theories of leadership. 18.3 Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. 18.4 Describe contemporary views of leadership. 18.5 Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. SPOTLIGHT: Manager at Work What is the difference between being a manager and being a leader? Are these terms synonymous? Management guru Peter F. Drucker once said, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” You might begin the study of Chapter 18 by asking your students for their perspectives on these questions and the quotation from Dr. Drucker. This chapter’s Spotlight: Manager at Work, looks at the legacy of Steve Jobs. In many ways, Jobs epitomizes the leader of a high tech company. How he was extremely charismatic and extremely compelling in getting people to join with him and believe in his vision. But also how he was despotic, tyrannical, abrasive, uncompromising, and a perfectionist. Jobs broke the rules of management and remade them to fit his vision. Students...
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...Motivation, Leadership and management and human resource management are important factors in the working of any organization. Each of them have certain theories or principles founded by various researchers and scholars. These theories have gained some criticisms over time. Under motivation there are two types of theories: content and process theories. Content theories include Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory. Process theories include equity theory and expectancy theory. The organizational example is that of a robotics’ manufacturing firm. Leadership and management includes trait theory of leadership, leader behavior theories which focuses on the Michigan Studies and The Ohio state studies and contingency theories of leadership which includes Fiedler’s Contingency theory and the |Path – Goal theory of leadership. This is followed by the fourteen principles of management. The organizational example is that of Continental |Airlines. Lastly, there are three models mentioned under human resource management, the Harvard model, the Michigan model and the Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model. The organizational example is that of a laundry company called Kwik & Kleen. Table of contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………..Page 1 1. Motivation ………………………………………………………....Page 1 • Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs ……………………………………...Page 1 • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory …………………………...
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...Q1. Leadership may seem easy to define, but however it is very difficult to give a solid and sound definition to leadership. The reason for this is that the concepts and interpretation of leadership differs from person to person, and organization to organization. Every person and organization has their own idea and definition on how a good leader should be (Cherry, 2011). However as a general definition, leadership is the ability or the power to lead others or a group or an organization. However this is a vague definition of leadership. To define leadership we need to identify the environment and the organization in which the concept is applied. “Leadership is inspiring others to pursue your vision within the parameters you set, to the extent that it becomes a shared effort, a shared vision, and a shared success” says Steve Zeitchik, CEO of Focal Point Strategies To understand more about the concepts of leadership it is essential to know more about the leadership theories that exist. Like leadership itself, leadership theories are hard to define. There are so many different theories of leadership exist. However most of these theories can be classified under the following set of leadership theories. Great Man Theories Great man theories state that leaders are born not made. In other words leaders are somewhat considered heroic. This implies that the ability to be a great leader is inherent. It is called the Great ‘Man’ because primarily leadership was considered...
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...Leadership Theory and the positive effects on an organization Introduction Leadership is a way of motivating a group to enable them to achieve their aims. It also involves being responsible for the group as a whole. A leader is either appointed by the senior levels of management or elected by the group. However, it has been argued that a leader can not have all the skills required therefore the optimum will be to have as a leader someone who is flexible but when it is required s/he will let the leadership to the others. Leader and Manager – Definitions Although no ultimate definition of leadership exists (Yuki, 2002), the majority of leadership definitions reflect some basic elements, including “group”, “influence” and “goal” (Bryman, 1992). A general definition would be that “a leader is someone who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal”. There are 3Ps that are related with the term “leader” and these are: People, Purpose and Person. A leader is a person that is deeply committed to the goal and s/he will try to achieve it even if nobody follows him/her. A leader is someone who has a personal vision and in order to achieve it s/he needs the help of others. The leader should communicate his/her vision in such a way that the followers will share it and the goal will become a common goal. The leader needs the trust of the followers. Some people are more effective than others at influencing people. This effectiveness has been attributed to leadership...
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