...The controversy surrounding drone practice for targeted killing is questionable ethically, legally, and strategically. The U.S. policy of drone warfare is directly correlated with the war on terrorism. The aftermath of 9/11 convinced the U.S. military and intelligence community to target Taliban and al-Qaeda militants by utilizing drone technology. The Authorization for Use of Military Force permits the use of all necessary and appropriate force against terrorism. The U.S government to justify drone strikes without restrictions has used this settlement as a defense mechanism. Drone technology promotes secrecy, governmental power, and a foreign policy that operates without limitations. The issue of drone technology is analyzed using the ethical...
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...its environment and takes the necessary actions that maximizes the chances of success(Artificial Intelligence, A.G. Cohn, R. Dechter). Now, this person John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defined it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence research is very highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into sub fields that usually often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors meaning that it will or will not function because of our multicultural race. Some sub fields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. Artificial intelligence research is also divided by several technical issues. Some sub fields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications(Artificial Intelligence, A.G. Cohn, R. Dechter).The central problems, or goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General artificial intelligence or strong artificial...
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...from about an hour's drive from Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad. Fourthly, Osama Bin Laden's assassination came after a blatant violation of Pakistan's national sovereignty by American special forces and without the knowledge of its infamously strong military. Fifthly, Osama Bin Laden's body was disposed in secrecy, and though the opportunity was there to bring the most wanted man in the world to trial, it was deemed unsuitable for the American cause to do so. However, all these concerns though important, are dwarfed when compared to the American policy of conducting drone attacks within Pakistani borders. Interestingly, all of these concerns remain relevant to the issue of drone operations conducted by America within the Pakistani territory. The paper will analyze the use of drone attacks with a primary focus on whether the use of drones can be justified, and attempt to prove that the use of drones is in fact a moral and an administrative evil. History and Nature Of The Conflict The notion of conflict here...
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...September 11, 2001 will be a day that none of us forget for as long as we live. It is a day that each of us will remember exactly what we were doing when we heard the news reports. Hijacked planes crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, another one into the Pentagon and a forth plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania, failing to reach its intended target because of heroic passengers. With nearly 3,000 civilians murdered, the United States began the “War on Terror” that targeted organizations designated as terrorist and those regimes accused of supporting them. The “War on Terror” took the fight to the mountains of Afghanistan and the deserts of Iraq. The Theory of Just War is an ethical look to help determine whether the use of armed forces is justified or unjustified. This Theory is guided by three sets of criteria: the right to go war (jus ad bellum), the rules of engagement of war (jus in bello) and justice after war (jus post bellum). While these wars have been surrounded with controversy and claims of being unjust, the “War on Terror” is a just war that does not exceed the moral boundaries set in the Just War Theory and today's society? The first criterion for a just war is the right to go to war. Is there a just cause? Will war be declared by a competent authority? Has all other options for peace been exhausted? What are the chances for success? Before the dust for the fallen towers settled and while eighty-six other countries mourned the...
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...Drone Strikes, Effective Weapon in the War on Terrorism? William DeJarnette United States Diplomatic History November 21, 2014 September 7, 2009, in Machi Khel in Mir Ali, North Waziristan, Pakistan. At 20,000 feet death silently, stealthily, knifed its way through the afternoon sky. Two drones, operated by American Air Force drone pilots 7,000 miles away in Nevada, USA, had been hovering over the area throughout the day. Modern warfare and the fight against terrorism were about to greet Sadaullah Wazir and his family as they reentered their home after evening prayers in the garden. Moments later an explosive concussion from missiles launched by the drones rocked the neighborhood and body parts flew in every direction. Senior al Qaeda leader Ilyas Kashmiri was killed in his car as it entered the village. However, injured in the attack at the same time were fifteen-year-old Sadaullah and several others. Three of Wazir’s family members were killed. Wazir awoke in a hospital the next day, minus both legs and an eye. Objective met, target Kashmiri eliminated. Collateral damage is just another acceptable part of the plan. The Living Under Drones project interviewed Khalid Raheem, an elder in his community in Pakistan. Raheem is bewildered by the current state of affairs in his country. He states that they knew nothing about where the US was or what type of people lived there. They did know that the US supported the Taliban in their fight against the Soviets, until the Soviets...
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...realm of IT, background investigations, and facility security. It is obvious, given past espionage events; these procedures are not always effective. Trade secrets, by definition, is considered to be a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, or compilation of information, hardware, technology, or some other means of proprietary information which is not generally known by the public or outside of the entity that protects. A trade secret gives a business the ability to obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers. In some legal jurisdictions (states), these secrets are referred to as "confidential information", and are generally not referred to as "classified information" in the United States, as “classified information” refers to government secrets protected by a different set of laws and practices. Although, it is very important to note that the government, but more specifically the military and NASA have issues with protecting trade secrets. Both the United States military and NASA have been and continue to be targets of cyber hacks from nation states. Emerging super powers such as China and India, among others, attempt to hack into protected systems to steal trade secrets. Understanding that a trade secret under U.S. law is defined under 18 U.S.C. § 1839 (3) (A), (B) (1996), has three parts: (1)...
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...Domestic Drone Exploration Presented by Team B Jamie Eads Daniel Flores Cindy Greer Amanda Hall August 24, 2014 DeVry University Technology, Society, and Culture LAS432 Professor: Dr. Kenneth Melichar TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY Amanda 4 III. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Amanda 6 IV. CONTEXT OF THE TECHNOLOGY Amanda 7 V. POLITICAL INFLUENCE Cindy 15 VI. LEGAL INFLUENCE Cindy 17 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE Cindy 22 VIII. ECONOMY OF DRONE Jaime 23 VIIII. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Daniel 32 X. SOCIOLOGICAL AFFECTS Daniel 36 INTRODUCTION Technology is applying science to improve on an existing task to make it easier. Technology can be used for all types of things, from science applications to mechanical engineering. Changing the way something is done often improves it. This is the heart of technology. Technology has evolved into nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a “technology executed on the scale of less than 100 nanometers, the goal of which is to control individual atoms and molecules, especially to computer chips and other microscopic devices.” Nanotechnology may one day improve the quality of life, thereby extending the life span of humans, by using “small autonomous robot, or nanobot, that can be sent into the human body to repair cells and cure cancers.” (nanotechnology). It is the continued advancement in nanotechnology that has been used to downsize the combative drones that we associate...
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...------------------------------------------------- Unmanned aerial vehicle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "UAV" redirects here. For the entertainment company, see UAV Corporation. For the veterans' organization, see Ukrainian American Veterans. A group photo of aerial demonstrators at the 2005 Naval Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Air Demo. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is anaircraft without a human pilot onboard. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of anavigator, or pilot (in military UAVs called a Combat Systems Officer on UCAVs) on the ground or in another vehicle. There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but autonomous control is increasingly being employed.[1] Their largest use is within military applications. UAVs are also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as firefighting or nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 FAA designation * 3 Classification * 3.1 Classifications by the United States military * 3.1.1 US Air Force tiers * 3.1.2 US Marine Corps tiers * 3.1.3 US Army tiers * 3.1.4 Future Combat Systems (FCS) (US Army) classes * 3...
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...The Torture Debate Wednesday, January 22, 2014 Word Count: 983 The debate continues to intensify surrounding the issue of torture and whether or not it is a justifiable or unnecessary evil. Irrespective of its degree of acceptability, it is conclusively an inhumane practice, which violates the civil liberties of us as people. From the inception, I disagree with the use of coercion to elicit information, as I believe it compromises our humanity. Advocates of legitimizing torture proclaim that it is a controllable means with which to interrogate and obtain answers from dangerous individuals in the effort of saving innocent lives. While torture has proven to facilitate some desired outcomes in the past, its legitimacy has yet to be completely substantiated, especially in comparison to other interrogative techniques. Additionally, those not in favour of legalizing and implementing torture, also argue that torture will simply be used incompetently by the state. Realistically, the argument regarding the legitimacy of this atavistic tactic is one mostly dominated by human morals and opinions. Throughout the article, Rumney and O’Boyle write from a very analytical and objective perspective. First they highlight and consider the legitimacy of torture as a means of extracting information. Historically, torture has been proven to provide useful information to alleviate situations and preserve the lives of innocent people (Rumney & O'Boyle, 2007). In this sense, it is unjust...
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...IMPACT OF STEALTH TECHNOLOGY ON AIR DEFENCE “Stealth refers to a wide range of steps that can be taken to make aircraft harder to detect. There is a payoff and a price.” - Jay H Goldberg [i] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. The latest trends in military aircraft manufacturing are towards development and incorporation of technology which can provide with means to avoid detection. This enhances its survivability by reducing its radar signature and hence reducing the possibility of being detected by enemy radars. The degree to which this is achieved differs from aircraft to aircraft. Certain aircraft like the B-2 and F-117 have been manufactured with this technology as the basis and are thus referred to as Stealth Aircraft. In other aircraft, stealth is achieved to a lesser degree but it nevertheless helps them in enhancing their survivability against enemy air defence. The day is not far when this technology is likely to find wide spread use in the field of aviation. 2. The dictionary defines stealth as "evasion of notice". Applied to Aerial Warfare, it implies the ability of an aircraft, or platform, to carry out its mission without being detected. Other terms such as "LO" - low observables, or "RO"- reduced observables, have also been used which imply the same thing. The very concept of 'Stealth' conjures up an image of something moving in secretly without being detected. 'Stealth' technology actually is all about the art of making aircraft, missiles and...
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...LONDON — Europeans are watching the final stages of the U.S. election campaign closely, concerned about how the outcome might affect global issues. Europeans can't vote in the U.S. election, but, like people everywhere, they have a stake in its outcome. From economic issues to Iran and the war in Afghanistan, the future of Europe is very much linked to the United States. And the two men who are vying to lead it for the next four years would seem to have very different views of the continent. "I think the president wants to turn us into a European-style welfare state, an entitlement nation. That model has not worked anywhere in the world," Romney said on the campaign trail. Barack Obama usually strikes a different tenor when he talks about the continent. "Each step points to the fact that Europe is moving towards further integration rather than breakup and that these problems can be resolved, and points to the underlying strength in Europe's economies," said Obama at the G20 summit last June. Senior fellow Xenia Dormandy of London's Chatham House says that difference in tone has been noticed on this side of the Atlantic. "Romney talks about a strong, exceptional America, a leading America. And he talks about increasing defense spending. All of those things are things that make Europeans a little bit nervous," noted Dormandy. "Contrarily, Obama, I call him a European leader. He's very consensus-driven. He's wanting to work in multilateral institutions, wanting...
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...William & Mary Law Review Volume 45 | Issue 4 Article 5 A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use Michael J. Madison Repository Citation Michael J. Madison, A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use, 45 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1525 (2004), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol45/iss4/5 Copyright c 2004 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr A PATTERN-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FAIR USE MICHAEL J. MADISON* ABSTRACT More than 150 years into development of the doctrineof "fairuse" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative,judicial, and academic efforts to rationalizethe doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 CopyrightAct appearsto have contributedto its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored practicesand patterns.In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "caseby-case" application of the statutoryfair use "factors"to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgment of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis would be consistent with fair use, copyright policy, and tradition. Importantly, such an acknowledgment would help to bridge the often difficult conceptual gap between fair use...
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...2009 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 2009 Printed for the use of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.uscc.gov dkrause on GSDDPC29 with K1 VerDate Nov 24 2008 08:23 Nov 10, 2009 Jkt 052771 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6602 M:\USCC\2009\52771.XXX APPS06 PsN: 52771 M:\USCC\USChina.eps Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 01 NOV 2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 ...
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...android. Different types of robots are discussed and, how these devices come together with computer technology. It begins with a description of this innovative modern day science and discusses its applications. To this end, it explores how robots and androids assist in both domestic and workplace activities. Next, our paper goes into detail on the historical development of human androids which goes back into the into the Renaissance time period. In addition, current development is briefly mentioned which includes economic support from the U.S President, further research, and considering an ongoing project. The collection of models are also noted followed by innovation changes that have been implemented up to this date. Last of all, the legal issues and concerns are described under different cases while government manufacturing has become significant. Next we will delve into the environmental implications androids and robots have on our society such as ensuring a safe society with the additions of these man-made creations and the possible threats they bring. This leads us into the moral and ethical implications of how they can improve our lives and the challenging code of ethics that is brought forth as to how we should consider them in today’s society. Acknowledgements This page is to acknowledge and thank the DeVry students that participated in the TSC Team Project for 2014. The hard work and dedication of Team E is mutually appreciated by all its members. The following...
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...***AFF*** ***1AC*** Inherency – 1AC Contention one: Inherency The new FAA bill cut funding for the AIP, which will cripple our airport infrastructure – rapid investment is critical PRINCIPATO ‘12 - president, Airports Council International-North America; M.A. in International Relations from University of Chicago; International Trade and Transportation specialist, Hunton & Williams (Greg, “Why we should invest today in 'Airports Inc.'”. March. http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/labor/218525-faa-why-we-should-invest-today-in-airports-inc) With the latest Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecast predicting a doubling of passengers and cargo by 2030, the current funding system is not up to the job of ensuring airports will have the infrastructure they need to handle such dramatic increases in traffic. This will have far-reaching consequences. Commercial airports are powerful economic engines, generating 10.5 million jobs and $1.2 trillion for the U.S. economy, according to a new Airports Council International-North America study. Across the country, workers and businesses count on local airports to attract investment and move people and goods around the world. Since 2001, the total number of jobs associated with airports has increased by more than 50 percent. Despite unprecedented growth and clear evidence of the economic benefits of infrastructure investments, airports expect to have $80 billion in unmet needs through 2015 because of the flawed system...
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