...Economic Impact of Mega Sporting Events on Host countries Nitika Mangal Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Aim and Objectives 5 Chapter 3: Literature Review 6 Chapter 4: Analysis 1 - Economic Impact of Atlanta 1996 Olympics 9 Positive Impact 9 Negative Impact 10 Chapter 5: Analysis 2 - Economic Impact of Sydney 2000 Olympics 12 Positive Impact 12 Negative Impact 14 Chapter 6: Analysis 3 - Economic Impact of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 16 Positive Impact 16 Negative Impact 18 Chapter 7: Analysis 4 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2010 World Cup, SA 20 Positive Impact 20 Negative Impact 21 Chapter 8: Analysis 5 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2014 World Cup, Brazil 23 Positive Impact 23 Negative Impact 24 Chapter 9: Overall Critical Analysis of Mega Sporting Events 26 Olympics 26 FIFA World Cup 29 Chapter 10: Challenges in Calculating Economic Impact 31 Chapter 11: Conclusion 34 References 35 Chapter 1: Introduction Hosting a sporting event, and that too a mega-sporting event is considered to be a proud moment in the history of any country. It is hard to provide a clear and well defined meaning for the term mega-event, as its difference from a normal event is not just dependent on the number of actual participants. It needs the fulfillment of many different factors...
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...Publications Civil and Environmental Engineering 6-2013 1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure Ashish Patel HWH Architects Engineers Planners, Inc, abp@hwhaep.com Paul A. Bosela Cleveland State University, p.bosela@csuohio.edu Norbert Delatte Cleveland State University, N.DELATTE@csuohio.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encee_facpub Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, and the Construction Engineering and Management Commons Publisher's Statement © ASCE Original Citation Patel, A., Bosela, P., and Delatte, N. (2013). "1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure." J.Perform.Constr.Facil., 27(3), 362-369. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil and Environmental Engineering at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact library.es@csuohio.edu. 1976 Montreal Olympics: Case Study of Project Management Failure Ashish Patel1 ; Paul A. Bosela, F.ASCE2 ; and Norbert J. Delatte, F.ASCE3 Introduction On May 12. 1970. extensive lobbyi ng and d iplomacy by Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau paid off when Montreal was awarded the 1976 O lympic Games over strong bids from Moscow and Los Angeles. Although both competing cities provided fimmc iul guarantees. Drapeau sialed...
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...A Day at KeySpan Park Feasibility Study & Marketing Plan Executive Summary As a result of the Brooklyn Dodgers leaving New York to relocate to Los Angeles in 1957, the absence of baseball in Brooklyn created for a void within the community (Osborne, 2004). The Coney Island area needed something to help rebuild and rejuvenate the area. On June 25, 2001, baseball returned to Brooklyn “in the form of a Class A minor league franchise of the New York Mets,” (Person, 2001). Upon the introduction of the Brooklyn Cyclones, the void in which the Dodgers left was filled. There are many underprivileged neighborhoods in the areas surrounding KeySpan Park, home of the Brooklyn Cyclones. These neighborhoods include Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn Heights, Flatbush, East New York, as well as Brownsville. Sports have been an outlet for many children, and in some cases a way to stay out of trouble. Staging an All-Star One-Day event such as “A Day at KeySpan Park” would provide underprivileged youth with the opportunity of meeting major and minor league players, as well as the opportunity of playing with them. Following the mingling session, the Mets will play in a game vs. the Cyclones in which the children as well as their families can enjoy. Giving back to the community is the main focus of this proposed event, and it will create for awareness of Baseball. Choice of Place and Time One of the deciding factors in choosing KeySpan Park as the site of the event was the...
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... Department of Civil C ertified by:................... ............... .......... Environmental Engineering May 20, 2005 ................................................ Jerome J. Connor Professor, Dep tnt of CZvil and Environment Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by:................................................... Andrew J. Whittle Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies BARKER Design Considerations for Retractable-roof Stadia by Andrew H. Frazer Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on May 20, 2005 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering ABSTRACT As existing open-air or fully enclosed stadia are reaching their life expectancies, cities are choosing to replace them with structures with moving roofs. This kind of facility provides protection from weather for spectators, a natural grass playing surface for players, and new sources of revenue for owners. The first retractable-roof stadium in North America, the Rogers Centre, has hosted numerous successful events but cost the city of Toronto over CA$500 million. Today, there are five retractable-roof stadia in use in America. Each has very different structural...
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...Effects of Contra st Abstract 2 50495 ation but Begin with the most import ant inform Include only information that appear do not repeat the paper title. or five s in the paper itself. State only four s, and/or fi ndings. Cite previous of the most import ant points, theorie research ISBN 1-4114-0234-0 9 781411 402348 relevant to your study. Defi ne all units abbrev iations and special terms, except for words. of measu rement. Do not exceed 120 Effects of Contra st EFFECTS OF CONT RAST ON REACTION TIME 1 Effects of Contra st on Reaction Time in a Semantic Categorization Task or John Q. Author and Susan G. Coauth Univer sity of the West Sara P. Thirdauthor Univer sity of the East Effects of Contra st Effects of Contra Categorization Task st on Reaction Time in a Semantic in an indented (0.5” or five to seven d paragr aph that provides an introdu 3 The text of the paper starts here, -space spaces), left-justified, and double tion to the subject of the paper. The c- introdu ction should begin one double space uction” label is necessary. below the paper’s title. No “Introd The introduction continues here ... APA-MLA 3.0.indd 1 t Eins In 19 Zu Zu Ei .. .. Effects of Contrast Method Participa nts total number Describe the selection process for subjects, the chosen, and the number in each subgroup or sample Materials ... of subjects 4 .. .. 19 s of Contra st 2 Describe specialized...
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...Global Logistics and Local Dilemmas Peter V. Hall Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada ABSTRACT Global logistics which connects widely dispersed producers and consumers are increasingly organized through gateways and corridors located in urban regions. At the same time, global logistics systems are increasingly infrastructurally, economically and institutionally disconnected from the city-regions that host them. This disconnection raises a series of dilemmas for the host localities. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding the dilemmas that confront cities and regions that host national and continental logistics gateways. The framework, which is illustrated with examples from several seaport gateways, focuses on the land use, economic and community development impacts of gateways and corridors on the host city-region. It also pays attention to the differing scales at which these impacts occur; these range from the highly localized to the metropolitan scale. It is proposed that solutions to the local dilemmas of global logistics be evaluated in terms of sustainability criteria, namely efficiency, equity and environment. 1. INTRODUCTION While the economic benefits of global trade are enormous, the potential for differences in local and national perspectives when developing gateways and corridors are no less significant. Global logistics which connects widely dispersed producers and consumers are increasingly organized through gateways...
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...Case Study- How Hollywood portrays Arabs An Overview of the portrayal Introduction Hollywood has for several decades, set an agenda as well played a propagandist role in showcasing the Arab world and the Middle East in general. This depiction has been greatly impacted by several major political events from the last few decades to a century. Political events such as the creation of the State of Israel, the revolution of the Islamic State of Iran, and the tragic events of September 11, 2001 in the United States have gone a long way to influence Hollywood’s portrayal of Arabs, very often in stereotypical and negative facets. Issues concerning the Middle East have been omnipresent in American society for several decades. There is daily news coverage of Arabs and the Middle East in all forms of media in the United States, including on television and in movies. Hollywood, for many years has depicted Arabs in stereotypical images, villain roles opposite American heroes who tend to save the day. Since the early days of Hollywood, Arabs and Muslims have been depicted overwhelmingly as villains, barbaric, inept, sinister, and incompetent and cowards. How and Why have Arabs been vilified in Hollywood? Ronald Adler and Russell Proctor II, assert that stereotyping can have a harmful effect on interracial communication, hindering professional and personal relationships (86). They also explain that “stereotyping does not always arise from bad intentions…in...
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...American Football has become the cornerstone of Sports in the United States, with The National Football League at the fore-front. However, the NFL was not always the Juggernaut we know it as today. The NFL has been opposed by many other leagues over the years. The XFL or Extreme Football league sought to put an original spin on football. The UFL or United Football league is the NFL’s most recent competitor. The USFL or United States Football league sought to take the National Football League down legally and almost did so in the late 80’s. Arena Football aimed to bring football to an indoor enviorment with extensive offense with the AFL. And Originally the American Football League gave it’s run at rivaling the “big brother of football in the 60’s.However before we understand how the NFL is so dominant we have to understand how it came to be. The history of the National Football League has roots spanning as far back as 1892 when former Yale All-American guard William Heffelfinger was paid $500 by the Allegheny Athletic Association to play in a game against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, making him the first ever professional football player, according to the book Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. However it wasn't until 1920 that American football achieved a league of any true organization. Roussel, 2 The American Professional Football Association was formed on September 17, 1920 and included ten teams from four different states. However the APFA lasted only two seasons...
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...things hush about who will light the torch. And then, imagine this: Nike CEO Phil Knight parachutes into the Opening Ceremonies, torch in hand, and lights the Olympic flame. The next day, everyone's talking about Nike, and nobody's talking about Reebok. In the same year i.e. in 1996, soft drinks giant Coke paid a fortune for the right to call itself the official sponsor of the World Cup. Rival Pepsi promptly launched a massive advertising blitz, based on the catch-line: Nothing Official About It. The Pepsi campaign captured the public imagination - and Coke, the official sponsor, lost out. In the latest concluded IPL series DLF was the official sponsor but who got business is Kingfisher who was certainly an ambush marketer. The above cases are a simple replica of Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge. Here the official sponsor represents our Kuljeet...
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...v105 some people claim that the disadvantages of the car are more than the advantages,do you agree or dis the birth of cars have made an enormous change to our life.in the past,we travel from one place to another only by foot,nowaday,cars can do it .its goes withour saying that the invention of cars bring great benefit to all of us.but as proverb goes:no garden without weeds.car is not exception. owing a car has a lot of advantages.for one thing,car provide us the most convient way of transportation.we can get around freely without spenting a lot of time.emotionally,i always found driving is so exciting.for another,its the comfortable to drive a car.In winter.drivers always can stay warm and dry even in rainy whether,in addition,drivers are usually safe in their cars when they are out at night. Cars bring the human merits,their side-effects graudually come to the surface.firstly,to run a car need a lot of oil,which is getting less and less.the increasing number of cars contribute the lacking of energy.secondlly,as more and more cars are used,the traffic ecpecially in big cities is getting heaver and heavier,which lead to the serious social problem--traffic jam.in addition,the inceasing numbers of cars ,which excaust sent a huge quantities of carbon monoxide into atmosphere.it make the air of cities unbreathabe,it strip people contact with frensh air. therefore,the new energy should be explored to replace the oil so that our envionmental pollution can be avioded .and th...
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...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites by Rob T. Guerette www.cops.usdoj.gov Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Got a Problem? We’ve got answers! Log onto the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website at www.popcenter.org for a wealth of information to help you deal more effectively with crime and disorder in your community, including: • Web-enhanced versions of all currently available Guides • Interactive training exercises • Online access to research and police practices • Online problem analysis module. Designed for police and those who work with them to address community problems, www.popcenter.org is a great resource in problem-oriented policing. Supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. www.PopCenter.org Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites Rob T. Guerette This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2004CKWXK002 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services do not constitute endorsements from the author(s) or the Justice Department. Rather...
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...Research Goal The main goal of doing a project on AMBUSH MARKETING is to know that how it take advantage of situations which allow brands/products to get extra exposure at minimal cost. Research Objectives 1. To examine the unethical issues in the advertising industry. 2. Determine the need of Ambush Marketing. 3. To analyze the measures of Ambush Marketing. 4. To study whether Ambush Marketing is ethical or unethical. Research Questions 1. What are the measures to combat Ambush Marketing? 2. Is it ethical for a company to ambush an event? 3. Why do brands with excellent reputations get into this? Research Methodology The methodology of the study includes study of library references and latest literature on the various educational sites, and compilation of the secondary data and information obtained from various journals. My research methodology will be doctrinal as well as non-doctrinal in nature and therefore data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources. The method of research would be deductive as conclusion would be drawn after the analysis and interpretation of data collected ------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 ------------------------------------------------- UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN ADVERTISING INDUSTRY The field of advertising is extremely broad and diverse. Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade the viewers, readers or listeners to purchase or take some action upon...
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...Abstract This paper explores the movie “Any Given Sunday” and attempts to discuss the movie in detail by focusing on character examples of the personal functions of sport such as feelings of belongingness and social identification, the socially acceptable outlet for hostile and aggressive feelings, and the role sport plays as a cultural element to bring meaning to life. Additional attention will be given to aspects of extra-sport character behavior and a determination of whether or not such behaviors support sport stereotypes and/or deviant characteristics. Through internet research, library study, and the use of periodical articles found in the ProQuest databases, I intend to apply the functionalist model of society to show that the fictional football team “The Miami Sharks” highlighted in the movie supports stability and equilibrium in the community of Miami based on common interests and convictions. The world of professional sports, especially professional football, is a world that most will only see on the television or through movies. “Any Given Sunday,” by Oliver Stone, is one such movie. It highlights a portion of a season for the fictional team The Miami Sharks with the interpersonal struggles on and off the field experienced by the characters related to the team. This paper explores the movie “Any Given Sunday” and attempts to discuss the movie in detail by focusing on the socially acceptable outlet for hostile and aggressive feelings, masculinity and gender...
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...through a survey that was conducted during the interviews of 30 triple-A minor league baseball teams will add useful insight to future investigations that are focused on the affects of walk-up music at the minor league baseball level as well other levels of competition. Though trying to rule out extraneous variables that may affect fan satisfaction will be difficult, the investigators believe that the information gained will be beneficial to future researchers, and will hopefully be a foundation to more extensive research on the affects of music in correlation to fan satisfaction. Introduction One of the most important advances in consumer research is the recognition that people are more responsive to music that they may like. In most cases the place, or more specifically the atmosphere, is more influential than the product or service itself (Milliman 1986). Atmosphere is an all-encompassing term used to describe the experience felt but not always seen. In sports, music has almost become a part of the game in such ways that it is used to...
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...A Profile of Haier Group Founded in 1984, the Haier Group has been dedicated to innovation and creating a world famous brand over the past 26 years. Originally a small collective plant on the verge of bankruptcy, it has now grown into an international group which has more than 70,000 employees around the globe and realizes a turnover of 135.7 billion yuan in 2010. Haier has risen to be the world's No.1 brand of consumer appliances. In addition, it was selected as one of the world's Top 10 innovative companies issued by USA Newsweek's website. Haier aims to create a world famous brand in the age of the Internet, which features satisfying the personalized needs of users in a short time. What such a business needs is large-scale customization rather than massive production. Taking this opportunity provided by the Internet, Haier addressed this challenge and actively explored and practiced the "Win-win Mode of Individual-Goal Combination". Through "Inverted Triangle" organizational innovation and "End to End" ZZJYT construction, it realized the transformation from "selling products" to "selling services" and fostered differentiated and sustainable competitive advantages. Trend-leading R&D advantages ---- The Haier's patent applications total over 10,000- ranking first among Chinese home appliance firms. Haier takes the lead to make breakthroughs in international standards. It participated in the drafting of 51 international standards, 27 of which have been issued and implemented...
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