...Ziding Wang The development of gender equality 1. Introduction Over the past decades, the relationships between women and men and their lives have dramatically changed. In many parts of the world, women still have fewer rights including poor level of education, less income that men and less power of decision making. Unfortunately, this is true, despite the fact that women’s role in children upbringing, food producing and family income is inestimable. Gender equality is not only about being fair to both women and men, but is also means that they should have the same status in society. It also means that they have equal rights and opportunities on the way to their success and can equally contribute to all spheres of live: political and economic. With the promoting of scientific advancement, Japan seems to fall behind with gender equality. Only about 14 percent of female professionals has been trained in mathematics, science and engineering. According to data obtained, most of female scientists merely underestimate themselves when competing with their male colleagues (sciencemag.org). Unequal pay and unequal respect towards working women dispel the myth about gender equality (shriverreport.org). In general, the level of women’s wage is 2/3 of that of the men. Gender inequality in payment is a direct violation of the principle of equal pay for equal work. Almost in all sectors of the economy women take low-paying positions. During all these year we another...
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...We are the same from the inside why should race and gender matter? Holmes is trying to make people understand that our social inequalities are being perceived as normal when in reality they aren't. He talks about how migrant workers have been treated for years being looked down upon as something less in our society. The whole concept is that Holmes is exposing the harsh reality and that we need to change the way we treat certain people politically, legally, and symbolically. Moreover, another label society has imprinted as normal in the past, but has come a long way, is the ideal of men being better than women ultimately getting the upper hand. Gender inequality has made a major impact on our society throughout the years making changes in how our politics, culture (socially), and economics are handled and seen. We, as a society, need to keep encouraging people to look beyond stereotypes and recognize the contributions that each person, female or male, can make to the workplace and our social order. Furthermore, women have had to fight for equality in politics in the United States by winning the right to vote, as well as a seat at the political table. The Nineteenth Amendment in our Constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920. Although, gender stereotypes about female politicians and voters still exist till this day. Since gaining the right to vote, women have worked in many levels of government in the United States. For example, President Ronald Reagan named Sandra Day...
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...distinctive contexts of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and A Room of One’s Own? A Room of One’s Own (1929) by Virginia Woolf and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962) by Edward Albee, when compared, accentuate the difference in values and beliefs that pervaded the context in which they wrote. Woolf’s critical yet creative essay explores truth and gender equality in a period driven by progression and the first wave of feminism. Contrastingly, Albee attempts to confront his audience through satirical dialogue and bombastic characters. Although Albee also explores truth and gender equality, the difference in context allows him to examine the way in which these values have been discarded in the moral decline masked by the American Dream. When paralleled, it is evident that both texts reflect the differences of their context. Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own digs beneath the veneer of social progress to expose the patriarchal values entrenched in society. Woolf first establishes the subjectivity of truth, so that the readers draw their own conclusion as “they observe the limitations, the prejudices, the idiosyncrasies of the speaker.” By making them conscious on the subjectivity of truth, Woolf is forcing the reader to draw their own conclusions on what is logical, rather than accepting the patriarchal beliefs of their context. The anecdotal evidence of the fictitious Mary Seaton’s experience at the British Museum exposes the illusion of male superiority. The subhuman representations of...
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...|RESEARCH WINDOWS ON GENDER MAINSTREAMING | | | | | | | |Dr.M.Neeraja Venkat MBA,PGD-IRPM,Ph.D | |Worked as an Assistant professor, Dept.of Business Administration, | |Sri devi women’s Engineering college ,Hyderabad . | |Mobile: +254771888277, Email:tummalaneeraja@gmail.com. | | | | | |...
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...Johann Wolfgang von Goethe for a period of time. Von Arnim, who was known for many novels and essays, wrote on topics involving social and political reform, which appealed to many groups of oppressed people, such as women and Jews. Although she had a husband and seven children, Bettina von Arnim was vocal in rejecting the exclusivity of traditional gender roles in 19th century Germany, through her literary works. Von Arnim’s most famous work is called Goethe’s Correspondence with a Child, a fiction based on her relationship with Goethe. The story depicts her as a child, who sits on Goethe’s character’s lap, and how her gender affects the relationship they had. One of her other works, Gritta, was an alternative view of the typical “male saves female archetype”. In the novel, the female plays the role of the hero. In her later life, after her husband died, she began to publish more and more works, including some by her husband. Her husband’s death was a significant event in von Arnim’s life. When von Arnim became a widow, she published a large amount of works such as autobiographies and fiction based on social equality and gender equality. Von Arnim was a benefactor of the ideas of free speech and freedom of press, as the author used it immensely. Von Arnim also portrayed strong views on socioeconomic differences. Her opinions of favoring the poor made some of her works leaning towards a socialist point of view. In 1843, von Arnim published a book called The King’s Book aimed toward...
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...social equality within society by allowing other entities and voices to be heard. The new Barbie that Mattel released gives young girls, particularly African Americans or even girls of color, the opportunity to relate to the Barbie doll as well as celebrate the idea of diversity by making these products the new social norm in our culture. Additionally, it also encourages a young generation of girls not to discriminate against those who may be different in terms of race and culture. Under this culture, women are seen as inferior to...
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...People in society are brought up to believe that marriage is between a man and woman, when in reality, marriage can be different from the stereotypical heterosexual marriage. Western culture devalues those who do not follow the stereotypical roles of a male and female or participate in same-sex marriage. Society becomes open-minded as minority couples fight for equal rights. The article “How today’s marriage equality win is also about gender equality” by Irin Carmon supports Nancy Cott’s chapter, “Marriage Revised and Revived”, by discussing the increase in marriage equality, which in turn leads to freedom and acceptance in society. It is evident that there is inequality between a husband and wife, but as society transitions to a more accepting...
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...HR Policies & Practices: Gender Diversity, Equality, & Leadership Abstract The number of women obtaining higher levels of education and positions in their careers has increased, but the number of women obtaining management and executive positions has remained stagnant. Human resource policies and practices’ follow ethical guidelines, but in practicality are more difficult to apply in the workforce. Human resource practices and policies may be influenced by the overall mindset of a company. The barriers that prevent women from achieving management and executive positions are the same barriers that prevent human resource policies and practices’ from being applied. The gaps in gender equality and wages, created by the barriers, can be discouraging to women from achieving high-level positions. Overcoming the barriers is a task in undoing the mindset that has been instilled deeply within society. Introduction Studies have shown that companies who promote female gender equality surpass their competitors on every measure of profitability, yet women are failing to attain high-level positions. Possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between men and women in senior leadership positions can be found by reviewing current data on women in the workplace, studies on the correlation between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and literature on gender behavioral differences in the workplace. Women play an increasingly significant role...
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...Decline of Patriarchy In the traditional patriarchal system, males are the primary authoritative figure in society. Fathers control the home, and men control the institutions. Gender hierarchy inhibits female dominance over male because it makes women subordinate to men. This power is exerted in forms of masculinity. Masculine men are emotionless, strong, aggressive, competitive, and independent. They are able to show dominance over women because subordinate women contrast from these characteristics. In modern day however, male dominance is becoming less and less prevalent in society. Media including television shows, movies, and magazines, has begun to create a more womanlike, emotional masculinity. It is less emasculating than it used to be to act in stereotypically feminine ways. Women are objectifying men almost as much as men are objectify women. Having traits that are not stereotypically masculine has become an acceptable life for a man, creating uniformity between the two genders. The feminization of men in media is creating equality amongst men and women because it is empowering women to eradicate the traditional patriarchal structure. Putting men on display is opening the opportunity for women to judge and objectify men. As Bordo says in her article “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body,” “It is feminine to be on display” (135). Being put on display takes away a person’s freedom. It takes away the ability to be oneself, and welcomes self-consciousness, inferiority, and...
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...LDP616: GENDER ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT Gender Mainstreaming The role of the state in mainstreaming gender issues and concerns in development Nyabochwa, Mary Mamo 1st February 2011 Lecture: Dr. Isaac Were. Table of Contents ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Why gender issues .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.0 GENDER MAINSTREAMING .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Clarity on certain aspects of gender mainstreaming ......................................................................... 8 2.2 some key misconceptions................................................................................................................ 10 3.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING ........................................................... 11 3.1 Definition of “gender mainstreaming” ............................................................................................. 11 3.2 Practical steps...
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...Women’s Equality The hierarchy of man has ruled women for centuries. The control and suppression of free will was accepted as fact. The time of Women making change in their own lives through free expression started a revolution of achievements breaking the oppression. These revolutionary achievements gave birth to a new age of equity. Women’s equality is a topic that has been approached over the years. The common vision, that all people are to be treated equally. The race, religion, sex, age, and other differences should not matter. The day when a person looks won't be what they judged until they actually meet them. The Sex should not mater in one’s ability to perform similar tasks, but history has taught the hierarchy of men throughout society. The Declaration of Independence states, "that all men were created equal”. This was written with the reality of the hierarchy of man that has been inbred into society. Human equality was far from the true reality. Individuals of that era would start to approach their own virtue’s, which forever shape the future of society (Mosser, 2013 ). The most famous deontologist, Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) stated, “that we have a duty, or an obligation, to treat other people with respect; human beings have dignity, and we must take that dignity into consideration when dealing with them. We also expect others to respect our dignity when they deal with us”(Mosser,2013). It is only humane to treat women as equal as they carried most of the...
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...Report No 55 Gender and Development: Concepts and Definitions Prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) for its gender mainstreaming intranet resource by Hazel Reeves and Sally Baden February 2000 BRIDGE (development - gender) Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RE, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261 Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202 Email: bridge@ids.ac.uk Website: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge/ © Institute of Development Studies ISBN 1 85864 381 3 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2. Quick Definitions ................................................................................................... 2 3. Detailed Explanations and Further Reading ....................................................... 4 Culture ..................................................................................................................... 4 Gender Analysis ...................................................................................................... 6 Gender Discrimination ............................................................................................. 7 Gender Division of Labour....................................................................................... 8 Gender Equality and Equity................................................................................... 10 Gender Mainstreaming ................
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...the few commonly recognized moral visions throughout the globe. This widely accepted notion provides a useful framework to support transnational activism to challenge injustices encompassed in civil, political, economic, and social spheres that affect lives worldwide. Using this backdrop, the global movement for women rights strives to enhance the human rights discourse by redressing gender vulnerabilities. Even though there are still continuing political struggles in making central the concerns of gender abuse, it has achieved considerable rethinking of the human rights doctrine as formerly understood....
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...to another person. Basically, Sexual orientation is about who attracts us. This attraction may lead to love hence marriage. The issue of same-sex marriage is an argument that we have heard of and have strong opinions on. We believe that homosexual couples should have the same marriage rights as heterosexual couples. As Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, "Marriage is a basic human right. You cannot tell people they cannot fall in love." While he said this in reference to the marriage between races, the same can be said about homosexuals (Smiley, 2013). Who are we to judge who people get married to or not? Homosexuality, years ago, was unacceptable. Most gay people hid it from others who would discriminate the act. They married the opposite gender in order to live out a "normal" life. There were many instances of homosexuals being prosecuted and discriminated...
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...Report No 55 Gender and Development: Concepts and Definitions Prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) for its gender mainstreaming intranet resource by Hazel Reeves and Sally Baden February 2000 BRIDGE (development - gender) Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RE, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261 Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202 Email: bridge@ids.ac.uk Website: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge/ © Institute of Development Studies ISBN 1 85864 381 3 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2. Quick Definitions ................................................................................................... 2 3. Detailed Explanations and Further Reading ....................................................... 4 Culture ..................................................................................................................... 4 Gender Analysis ...................................................................................................... 6 Gender Discrimination ............................................................................................. 7 Gender Division of Labour....................................................................................... 8 Gender Equality and Equity................................................................................... 10 Gender Mainstreaming ................
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