...“MOTIVATION IS A CRITICAL FACTOR FOR THR ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL SUCCESS. HOWEVER IT IS EQUALLY CRITICAL FOR MANAGERS TO KNOW THE DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES AND APPROACHES AS WELL AS HOW TO USE THEM EFFECTIVELY” Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Background Information 3 2.2 The aim and objective 4 2.3 How to accomplish the aim 5 2.0 Discussion 3.4 Definition of Motivation 6 3.5 Importance of employee motivation 7 3.6 Basic concept of employee motivation 9 3.7 Different theories of motivation 10 3.8 Why managers should have a good understanding about motivation 16 3.0 Conclusion 17 4.0 References 18 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background information ...
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...Goals James J. Jennings PSY/320 Human Motivation December 22, 2011 Dr. Michelle Bailey Achieving Goals It is the day after Halloween and the position for Special Projects Coordinator has been posted on the job announcement bulletin board for all interested and qualified employees. One of the responsibilities of this job is to enhance employees behavior toward tasks during the course of the year through food, money, praise, attention, stickers, good stars, privilege tokens, approval scholarship, candy, trophies, certificates, or awards. This position expands the concept of extrinsic motivation which “provides the individual satisfaction in performing a task that even if the individual doesn’t really like doing it, he or she continues to accomplish the work because of his or her anticipated reward,”( Schop 2009). The responsibility of this position will also provide incentive programs that will increase the productivity of the employee’s as well as amplify the standing of the company compared to similar businesses within the area. The overall function of this position is to give employees the opportunity within the company to develop goals that amplify interest, capabilities, creativity, and in doing so, seek out and master optimal challenges not only for daily tasks but special project tasks throughout the year. Self –Management The special projects coordinator will inculcate opportunities of interest for every type of employee to set futuristic goals with the company...
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...Organizational Behavior Professor Anne Hallcom February 19, 2011 DeVry University is an accredited nationwide University whose headquarters are based in Chicago, Illinois; there has also been global expansion to Belize and Calgary. DeVry University’s primary goal and focus is providing quality practitioner oriented education to students and has for nearly 80 years. “The Sacramento Center, as the campus is called, is booming. Marcela Iglesias, who has been dean since it opened in 2003, estimates that the campus will exceed its capacity of 825 students within a year, and DeVry officials have begun to search for more space.” (Keller, 2010). Along with DeVry University, Carrington College, Ross University, Keller Graduate School of Management, Becker and Stalla have also been acquired under the DeVry University Inc. umbrella and are affiliated with the brand. Advanced Academics is a school recently acquired that is targeted to middle school and high school students as a means of completing their middle school and high school degrees, to ensure a greater chance of success and continuing their education after they graduate; and also been acquired under the DeVry University Inc. umbrella and are affiliated with the brand. “DeVry's origins trace back to 1931, when Dr. Herman DeVry established DeForest Training School in Chicago to prepare students for technical work in electronics, motion pictures, radio and, in later years, television. The school's name was changed to DeVry Technical...
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...psychological contract which is written in the mind between employer and employee. In relation to the psychological contract, there are several concepts to explain it, and the earliest concepts of psychological contract can be traced back to the early work of Argyris (1960). However, the key concept of psychological contract that in common used, which was established by Rousseau (1995). According to Rousseau and Tijoriwala (1998, p. 679), the psychological contract was defined as: “An individual’s belief in mutual obligations between that person and another party such as employer” Therefore, the psychological contract is the metaphor contract between the individual employee and the organization to maintain and develop the inner power of the enterprise. This essay will first clarify what is psychological contract and why it is essential for firms to establish a psychological contract with their employee. Secondly, it will explain the process theories of motivation and what theories are include in the process theories of motivation. Finally, assess which process theories of motivation can help manager to establish appropriate psychological contract with the employee. With the help of Rousseau’s argument, it is obviously that the psychological contract is an exchange relationship between the individual employee and the organization. However, this exchange relationship has a clear characteristic is the concept of mutuality, which is also the key feature of psychological contract...
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...Running head: Leadership Concepts and Applications 317.1.1-06 Leadership Concepts and Applications Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain the three key components and relationship in the expectancy theory of motivation. It will also cover how the company in a given scenario could apply the component or relationship of the expectancy theory of motivation to enhance the motivation of its employees as per the rubrics found in 317.1.1-06 Leadership Concepts and Applications The expectancy theory of motivation is used to understand why employees only do the minimum requirements on the job. It is a theory used to understand the mindset of the employee, and find a solution to bridge the gap from a bare minimum employee, to one that surpasses expectations. Robbins states that expectancy theory is, "a theory that say that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual" (p. 224). The expectancy theory is broken down into the following three parts; effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship. By Robbins, the effort-performance relationship is, "The probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance" (p.225). This is the ideal that an individuals' effort equates to performance. In a...
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...Employee motivation Importance of employee motivation How Employee motivation contributes to productivity How employee motivation contributes to Job satisfaction Best Practices Importance of Employee Motivation For a long time, employees where considered in companies as just an input in the production; but in order for a human being to perform in effective levels it is important for the employee to be motivated. Motivating employees was an important topic as far back as 1789. Samuel Slater, a pioneer who introduced textile manufacturing to America, was concerned about creating a work setting where it was comfortable for workers to do their jobs. (Gibson, 2012, P.125). Motivation is the way business and personal goals are achieved. Motivation is important for any organization, doesn’t matter if the organization is team based or if the employees work independently. The mission and vision of the organization must be aligned with the individuals that work within, this is of high significance for creating a high level of motivation that can lead to higher productivity, financial gain and work quality. The final outcome of any activity within the organization will be outlined by the level of motivation of the employees, without motivation, all capabilities and experiences ere futile. Motivation is what moves productivity, similar to gasoline to an engine, if the engine does not have any fuel, it will not run. It is very common to see how the human resources department...
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...Rewards System Proposal Name: Felecia Simmons Professor John Muehl Total Rewards Date: February 12, 2012 Introduction Motivating the individuals that work for you is one of the most important functions that you will have as a manager. (People Skills, 2006) Simply stated getting employees to do the things they were hired to do is probably the biggest challenge a manager will face. You will always have individuals who will work their hardest for the rewards the company provides them. On the other end there are some employees that you can never keep happy not matter what rewards you give them. In this paper, I will discuss the concept of total rewards using the five elements total reward system. I will also discuss the impact of rewards systems on the organizational performance of companies in the Information Technology (IT) industry. Then I will look at the importance of direct financial rewards in comparison to other elements of the total rewards system for the IT industry. Lastly, I will look at the compensation and motivation practices, which are of particular importance in the IT industry. Total Rewards Concept The total rewards system concept is simply about the financial and non-financial benefits given to employees in trade for their services to the company. The employees will give the company their time, their abilities and efforts to support the company in return for the benefits the company provides. Total rewards involve the combination...
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...Human Resource Management, 12e (Dessler) Chapter 12 Pay for Performance and Financial Incentives 1) Frederick Taylor referred to the tendency of employees to work at the slowest pace possible and to produce at the minimum acceptable level as ________. A) social loafing B) systematic soldiering C) human nature D) group shift E) group norms Answer: B Explanation: Frederick Taylor popularized using financial incentives in the late 1800s. As a supervisory employee of the Midvale Steel Company, Taylor was concerned with what he called "systematic soldiering"—the tendency of employees to work at the slowest pace possible and to produce at the minimum acceptable level. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434 Chapter: 12 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 2) Which of the following terms refers to financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard? A) indirect financial payments B) merit payments C) hardship allowance D) financial incentives E) human capital Answer: D Explanation: Financial incentives are financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard. Indirect financial payments are a type of employee compensation that includes health benefits. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434 Chapter: 12 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 3) A management approach based on improving work methods through observation and analysis is known as ________. A) strategic management B) scientific management C) management process D) management...
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...Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Lecturer Name : Student Name : Andrei Baneoti Student ID : hndb11686 Lecturer Name : Student Name : Andrei Baneoti Student ID : hndb11686 Executive Summary Human resource management is supposed to be the most challenging part of management system of an organization. It is the management system which is concerned about all the aspects of human resource of an organization. As such personnel management, human resource planning, recruitment, motivation, reward system, performance evaluation, cessation of employment all this functions fall under the broad concept of human resource management. Here all these activities of human resource management are presented with the analysis of human resource management at Harrods. Harrods is a popular brand name in the world of business. Here human resource management is discussed in the context of Harrods for understanding the practical application of human resource management. Contents Introduction 5 Understand the Difference between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management 6 1.1 Differentiate between Personnel Management and Human Resource Management 6 1.2 Assess the Function of the Human Resource Management in Contributing to Harrods Purposes 8 1.3 Evaluate the Role and Responsibilities of Line Managers in Human Resource Management 9 1.4 Analyze the Impact of Legal and Regulatory Framework on Human Resource Management 10 Understand How to...
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...Fundamentals of Human Behavior | Motivation in Saint-Gobain | | ------------------------------------------------- L-2F.04 Léo ANIESA – Arnaud COSTARGENT – Thibaut GATELLIER – Gilles LAURET – Ludovic MANGA – Arthur MICHEL | Table of contents Introduction 1 I. Contextualization 1 A. General presentation of Saint-Gobain 1 B. What is motivation? 1 C. Problematic and hypothesis 2 II. Case study of Saint-Gobain: theories about motivation 3 A. Mc Gregor’s Theory 3 B. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 4 C. Equity Theory 5 D. Expectancy Theory 5 * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * Introduction “Motivation is everything. You can do the work of two people, but you can't be two people. Instead, you have to inspire the next guy down the line and get him to inspire his people.” This quote from Lee IACOCCA, the ex-President of Ford and the ex-CEO of Chrysler, shows the importance of motivation in a company. Motivation is the gasoline of the teamwork efficiency. It is what makes people follow your ideas and project. Thus, a company cannot work without motivated employees...
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...Leadership Concepts and Applications – RIT1 SUBDOMAIN 317.1 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR & LEADERSHIP Competency 317.1.1: Behavioral Influences The high level definition of expectancy is what managers expect from their employees. But as we look around in the world we live in today, expectancy goes even deeper than that. One definition of the expectancy theory that is used is, “That the strength of our tendency to act a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of a given outcome and its attractiveness. (Victor Vroom)” (Robbins & Judge, 2013) When I read that at first, I really didn’t grasp what the definition really meant. But, as we consider how employees are motivated, we can define the expectancy theory as not only what managers expect from the employees, it is also why employees are not motivated to do the jobs that they are assigned. When we take a deep look at the workplace today we can see some employees just do what it takes to get by in their given job. As we explore how the expectancy theory pertains to relationships on the job, we can learn some techniques to improve employee performance by using different types of motivation. There are three ideas that pertain to relationships in the expectancy theory of motivation. They are effort-performance relationship (Expectancy), performance-reward relationship (Instrumentality), and reward-personal goal relationship (Valence). The effort-performance relationship asks the question that if the employee puts forth...
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...Motivation in Work Place University of South Carolina Aiken In this assignment, we will discuss motivation as a concept, as a behavior and as a management tool. I have herein brought in all the important concepts that are associated with motivation, given its prime role in life. Also, I have taken a case study related to a bank, and examined how the HRD has identified, and evolved a plan to increase motivational assets. Motivation is a practice of extracting, controlling and sustaining certain behavior. There are many approaches to motivation - physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social. Motivation is usually a group effect, but not limited to it; it affects the behavior of individuals on different levels, and as a result, the product in any workplace can directly be correlated to the motivational levels or on practical terms, the spirit of the work force. Motivation plays a vital role in setting and attaining goals, and the factor of motivation is intertwined with certain philosophical and psychological concepts - altruism, selfishness, morality, or avoiding mortality. Work place motivation can either intrinsic or extrinsic; intrinsic motivation refers to the drive or thirst due to the interest in the work, and this kind of motivation exists within the individual, not forced by any external pressure. Psychologists see intrinsic motivation as more effective than extrinsic because it helps...
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...HD333-C005-2835/2011 Introduction Definitions Motivation Motivation is a term that refers to a process that elicits, controls, and sustains certain behaviors. For instance: An individual has not eaten, he or she feels hungry, as a response he or she eats and diminishes feelings of hunger. Motivation- the concept According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, a motive is “something (a need or desire) that causes a person to act.” Motivate, in turn means “to provide with a motive,” and motivation is defined as “the act or process of motivating.” Thus motivation is the act or process of providing motive that causes a person to take some action. In most cases motivation comes from some need that leads to behavior that results in some type of reward when the need is fulfilled. Rewards Rewards can take two forms. They can either intrinsic/internal rewards or extrinsic/external rewards. Intrinsic rewards are derived from within the individual. For a healthcare employee this could mean taking pride and feeling good about a job well done (e.g. providing excellent patient care). Extrinsic rewards pertain to rewards that are given by another person, such as a healthcare organization giving bonuses to teams of workers when quality and patient satisfaction are demonstrated to be exceptional. Senior Managers Senior Manager is a title given in a large company with a perceived need for additional levels in its management structure. In a hierarchy, Senior Manager falls...
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...Sabbaticals and Employee Motivation: Benefits, Concerns and Implication | There are some suggestions about the business researchers and practitioners should be study the literature on “360-degree feedback”and evaluation research or may can develop somecomprehensive survey instruments and objective measures regarding the use of sabbaticals. Besides that, there are also needs to establish reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. Finding shows that may have to develop a comprehensive theoretical model which involved question of what, how, why, who, where, and when and also test the model empiricallyin the literature. | An examination of a Factor Structure and Scale Reliability of the Work Motivation Scale, the Motivation Sources Inventory | Some weaknesses of the MSI are lack of research and development on the meta-theory of Leonard et al.’s (1999). To promote further research in this area, may can be re-examination and possible refinement of the MSI or development of an alternative instrument.. | Motivation Levels of Mis Managers Versus Those of their employees | The degree of MIS personnel are found that different from their management peers in other parts of the company. MIS managers may can consider some action to reduces the negative effects among differences. MIS management had existed a very healthy motivational environment. Try to pay some attention with a reasonable expectation of rapid resolutions on the problems. | HDM Modeling as a Tool to Assist Management With...
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...Motivation is concerned with the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways. Motivating people is about getting them to follow in the direction you want them to go in order to achieve a result. Motivation can be described as goal-oriented behavior. People are motivated when they expect that a course of action is likely to lead to the attainment of a goal and valued reward. (Arnold et al, 1991) The organization as a whole should provide the context within which high levels of motivation can be achieved by providing incentives and rewards, opportunities for growth, etc. The importance of motivation is one that cannot be neglected. The Hay Group calculates that if the under-performance was tacked successfully, the value of UK output would rise by more than £350 billion a year (Marcousé, 2008). Therefore, motivation matters. In the short run, a lack of motivation may lead to reduced effort and lack of commitment. In the long run, a lack of motivation may result in high level of absenteeism, industrial strife and decreasing profit for the whole organization. Approaches to motivation are underpinned by motivation theories. The most influential theories are classified as follows: The first theory has one main principle: if people do one thing, it will lead to another. In other word, this theory states that people are motivated by financial needs. The theory puts emphasis on economic outcome, which has its root from Taylor’s Scientific Management. He wrote: “It...
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