...only one in five persons with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder ever seeks treatment due to the strong stigmatization involved. Below are brief descriptions of some common psychological disorders. D EPRESSION is a major disorder that can begin at any age. Major depression may be characterized by a depressed mood most of each day, a lack of pleasure in most activities, thoughts of suicide, insomnia and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. BIPOLAR DISORDER (manic depressive disorder) causes a person to experience periods of mania and depression. In the manic phase, a person might experience inflated self-esteem, a decreased need to sleep, irrational thinking, irrational behaviors and impulsivity. A NXIETY DISORDERS can disrupt a person’s ability to concentrate and cause hyper-ventilation, a racing heart, chest pains, dizziness, panic and extreme fear. SCHIZOPHRENIA can cause a person to experience, at some point in the illness, delusions and hallucinations. Some considerations: • Trauma is not the sole cause of psychological disorders; genetics may play a role. • Psychological disorders affect people of any age, gender, income group and intellectual level. • Disruptive behavior is not an attribute of most people with psychological disorders. • Eighty to ninety percent of people with depression experience relief from symptoms through medication, therapy or a combination of the two. Depression is a variable condition that may...
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...Q.1 How does change affect people at work? Managing Change : Change is Charming Embrace it ! A change means any process involving a difference in some feature of an organization at two points in time. Change is a fact of life for any organization. It is unavoidable that all organizations need to change their practice time to time as per requirement to remain in competitive market. In current scenario the organization who have made the changes as per current requirement are succeed in the market. Change can be either planned or emergent. In planned change there is a sequence of steps but in emergent change is not simply chaotic change. It takes place in incremental and gradual ways on an ongoing basis. Employees have a more proactive role to play in the change process. Many organizations practice a mixture of both planned and emergent change. When the people in organization realize that their current organizational culture required to transform to support the organization’s success and progress, change can happened but it is not so easy. Change can be affect the people by following ways 1. Fear of the unknown 2. Fear of failure 3. Disagreement with the need for change 4. Losing something of valu 5. Leaving a comfort zone 6. False beliefs 7. Misunderstanding and lack of trust 8. Inertia 9. Job insecurity 10. Feel job pressures 11. Loss of commitment to the organization 12. Survival problem in changed situation 13. Adjustment...
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...the way we think we can change the way we feel. The first step in cognitive behavior therapy is to become aware of the negative thoughts a patient is having. A patient is given a number of therapy sessions, in these sessions the therapist heightens the awareness by helping the patient become more alert to the irrational or negative thought process and assisting them in a more rational way of thinking. Cognitive behavior therapy allows a patient to see what was once known as a challenging situation in a more clear perspective and to respond to that situation more effectively. Disputation Disputation requires clients to challenge their irrational beliefs, to stop them, and to replace them with new, more rational philosophies. When this is successful, it will be noticeable in diminished emotional distress. The main goal is to boost clients’ awareness of these new effects and also to motivate them to continue using the disputation process in a self-directed manner even after the completion of the therapy session (Parrott III, 2003). Disputation can occur in three forms; cognitive, imaginable, and behavioral. Regardless of which form is used they all challenge the irrational beliefs of the clients therefore, they are asked to come up with some type of proof to support their beliefs (Dryden, 1986) (Dryden & Ellis, Rational-emotive therapy, 1988) (Ellis, 1982). Treating an adolescent trying to manager her anger with disputation therapy involves taking her misplaced anger and replacing...
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... 1. Panic attack Abrupt experience of intense fear and discomfort, consumer feels a sudden elevation of fear, may occur anytime. Consumer having the attack show’s physical symptoms such as dizzines and palpitation. How it relates to or affects my clinical practice: If the consumer is having panic attack the nurse can calm the consumer and the nurse can assisst the consumer through out the episode of the attack. Refrences: Barlow, D. And Durand, M. (2008). Abnormal psychologyan integrative aprouch. (Fifth edition., 121-124). Canada: Wadsworth. Sims, A. (2003). Symptoms in the mind., An introduction to descriptive psychopathology. (Third edition.,328). New England: Saundres. 2. Phobia Consumer shows unreasonable and unexplained fear of a certain animal, insect, place, situation. Some people may feel an extreme fear of riding a bus or a train. Some shows excessive fear towards a large crowd. How it relates to or affects my clinical practice: A nurse understand that a certain people has fears, everybody has a phobia, understanding the consumer’s feeling will be helpfull and will promote an open communication to discuss such fear inorder to resolve it. Refrences: Nevid, J. And Rathus, S. (2006). Abnormalpsychology...
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...References: Dr. Sanjay Joshi, 2008, August, 12, Managing Workplace Emotions - Latest Findings: http://ezinearticles.com/?Managing-Workplace-Emotions---Latest-Findings&id=1415703 de Sousa, Ronald, "Emotion", 2010,January 14,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring2010Edition),EdwardN.Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2010/entries/emotion/ Wright Mackenzie, eHow contributor,2011, How Do Your Emotions Affect Your Behaviors?, http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4600645_emotions-affect-behaviors.html Antonio R. Damasio, 2005, March, 24 Scientific American Mind, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=feeling-our-emotions Term Paper on Neuropsychology (Emotional Behavior) Joy Ann F. Burgos B.S.PY-32 October 06, 2011 Emotion According to Dr. James W. Kalat, emotions are difficult to define and even more to understand completely, but somehow, these are considered as the inner feelings or states of mind that are associated with a physical change and are expressed by an outward behavior. In the scientific world, experts attempts to discover which comes first: the mental feeling, physical change or outward behavior. That’s why people have been attempting to understand this phenomenon for thousands of years and definitely will also be a debate for a thousand more. All of us have different emotional and psychological needs which cannot be ignored, over-controlled...
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...Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often associated with war veterans. These days, assuming symptoms of PTSD in soldiers returning from combat tours is almost stereotypical. In fact, in the 2012 American Psychological Association (APA) annual meeting, some argue to change PTSD to post-traumatic stress “injury” to be more accommodating to soldiers, and to resolve the issue of unreported PTSD-related symptoms within military ranks (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Military officials explained that many soldiers do not report their symptoms because of the fear of being viewed as weak (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, the incidence of PTSD can be as common among civilians as it is for those in the military. Barlow and Durand (2013) reported recent studies showing that those who are “raped, held captive, tortured, or kidnapped, or badly assaulted” are more at risk for developing PTSD than those who experienced military combat. While the reports conveying “zero” conditional risk of PTSD from exposure to military combat seem to need clarification, PTSD remains to be a debilitating condition for those who have the proclivity to develop the disorder. This paper will discuss the diagnostic criteria, etiology, effective treatment, and outcome research pertaining to PTSD. PTSD: A trauma and stressor-related disorder PTSD now belongs in the group of trauma and stressor-related disorders as published in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual...
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...the comparison and contract of Captain Bligh and Fletcher Christian leadership styles. The Leaders The two main characters of the voyage are Captain Bligh and his second –in-command, Fletcher Christian. The trip to the Tahiti was one of difficulty in regards to overcrowding, lack of food or water; also what the crew considers the tranny of Captain Bligh. The stay on the island was beneficial to the crew as they enjoyed the tropics and became friendly with the natives, especially with the women. Upon the announcement of the ship’s departure for the travel to the West Indies the crew realized the conditions would be the same or worse on the trip. They did not want to leave the comforts of the Tahiti. (The Bounty, 1984) The crew’s fears became true with the overcrowding and Captain Bligh accusations and punishment due to the alleged stealing of food. The continued deterioration of conditions...
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...Thus, disease representations, particularly the cognitive ones, can be predictors of responses to health threats that determine different health behaviors (Shiloh, 2009; Kaphingst, 2009). Age, family history of cancer and worry about the disease are factors associated with the use of screening for cancer (Anagnostopoulos, 2012; Lifford, 2012). At the same time, the disease representation can cause, according to Cameron (2006), an irrational behavior or abandon of screening for cancer or the preservation of an unhealthy behaviour. For example, smokers who believe that the cause of cancer is a modified gene are less motivated to quit this unhealthy behavior and, instead, they exhibit an unrealistic optimism about their health and worry about cancer (Shiloh, 2009; Bradbury, 2009; Kaphingst, 2009; Hauwel,...
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...Body Dissatisfaction and Media Exposure: Could Fear of Compassion turn Against Us? Most of us have experienced compassion in our lives. When we are compassionate, we are truly moved if others suffer. We could even feel somewhat more connected to them in a way. Basically, compassion entails noticing human condition, vulnerable and imperfect as it is. However, could we feel it towards oneself? That is what self-compassion is about (Gilbert, McEwan, Matos & Rivis, 2011). Instead of feeling it for others, self-compassion is turned inwards. It is worthy to note that self-compassion is one of the most important terms that the current science of psychology probably ever encountered, and in response to its recent boom there has been a huge amount of research into self-compassion over the past years. Nonetheless, this modern interest is not unfounded at all, but it yields a promising way to achieve more knowledge and in turn, contribute to the healing process in people. Furthermore, Neff (2003) has been the primal initiator on defining the key concept here, which is self-compassion. Accordingly, self-compassion is the combined ability of treating oneself nicely in situations of...
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...managerialist assumption that resistance is counter-productive – even irrational – behaviour which needs to be overcome” with an emphasis on organisational change. It begins by looking at organisational change and its managerialist perspective and then examines resistance in an organisational setting. It ends with suggestions on how resistance to change should be managed by organisations. What is organisational change? Organisational change can be described as the transformation of an organisation from a current state to another, desired state. In all definitions of change there is the emphasis on the alteration from one state to another (Goodman and Kurke 1982). This process can be either structured or unstructured and can be either incremental (an improvement on an existing state) or transformational (a total transformation to another state). Organisations themselves have been defined as “social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals” (Huczynski and Buchanan 1991) and Rogers (1962) defines change as an alteration in the structure and function of a social system. While no consensus exists as to why organisations change (Hughes 2010), it is generally accepted that change is an inescapable part of organisational existence and the ability of an organisation to change progressively in response to its environment is essential for its survival. This explains the managerial interest in managing this process. What is involved in change management? Change...
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...Personal responsibility essay Older generations had trust in teachers that they could leave their children alone in a one on one setting and even employ corporal punishment if necessary. My definition of personal responsibility is when someone takes ownership of a task, team or person weather they ultimately achieve success and or failure. Our education system is riddled with scandals and bouts of inappropriate relationships between faculty and students which ultimately have grave ramifications hindering these young people in their future and how they perceive the educational system. Today we are finding that this is no longer the case because not all people in positions of trust should hold their position. Many teachers have been caught having inappropriate relationships, assaulting the same children they are charged with educating and also, some teachers have chosen to neglect their “less capable” students. I feel that if we begin taking responsibility for our actions early on, then our society would suffer less. People would begin holding themselves accountable for the things that they are doing, or thinking of doing. Our young students need their teachers taking responsibility for their actions. These things are damaging them far beyond the point where their studies are on the forefront of their mind. On the flip side of that statement, as our young students become adults, they must find a way to overcome the mental trauma that consumes them and creates...
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...Keeping up with the immense fear, panic, and suspicion of a certain group, the government fed into this idea with a drastic change to settle the public’s nerves: Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066, which made the detainment and internment of Japanese Americans legal. In order to “overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution” with this unjust act, various everyday-Americans-turned-activists took the fight to the Judicial Branch to stop their ethnic group from being discriminated against, persecuted, and detained. Notable figures included Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu, and Mitsuye Endo who each did their part to combat their President’s unconstitutional order. According to Oyez.org, a judicial archive of the Supreme Court, during Hirabayashi’s case, “The Court ducked...
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...Recognizing Workplace Bullying Aug 2, 2010 Andrew Mitchell A Bully's Tirade - bulagm Bullying affects workers that are usually at the "work unit" level. It occurs mostly when organizations support and reinforce its existence. Bullying in the workplace has a variety of labels, such as psychological harassment, emotional abuse and mobbing. Workplace bullying is characterized by: intentional, repeated and enduring aggressive behaviors (most frequently verbal); intended to be hostile and/or perceived as hostile by the recipient; usually unpredictable, irrational, and unfair. Workplace bullying makes work an anxiety-ridden experience. No one wants to go where they've been chosen for target practice. A workplace prone to bullying is one where people do not respect or value the benefits of difference. There is usually an air of fear. Supervisors are typically without adequate training in managing people. Accountability structures are not properly defined. There is usually too much work and/or overly intense supervision. Performance appraisals are either too subjective or have little objectivity in criteria. Communication channels are unclear. The typical pattern of workplace bullying is when someone is genuinely going after a coworker. The bully singles out the coworker for abuse. Targets are usually good at their work, non-confrontational and/or unassertive. They may be friendly yet mind their own business and often are not members of cliques. One key is the non-assertiveness;...
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...Critique of The Abilene Paradox: The Management Of Agreement Section (3) Article (7) By ROHINI GANDHOTRA Dr. Frear MBA 500: Business and Leadership January 31, 2009 BIOGRAPHY Jerry B. Harvey, a management expert and pioneer of The Abilene Paradox is a Professor of Management at The George Washington University. During his career, he has served as a consultant to a wide variety of industrial, governmental, religious, military, educational, and voluntary organizations. He is the author of approximately fifty professional articles and has written two books: The Abilene Paradox and Other Meditations on Management and How Come Every Time I Get stabbed in the Back, My Fingerprints Are on the Knife? He is also featured in several videos focusing on organizational behavior including, "The Asoh Defense," "The Gunsmoke Phenomenon," and "The Abilene Paradox". In addition, he has published articles such as, "It's Not My Dog," "Eichmann in the Boardroom," "Organizations as Phrog Farms," "Interrupted Prayers and Organizational Un*Learning." Many years ago Professor Jerry B. Harvey discovered that the fundamental problem of contemporary organizations is the inability to cope with agreement—not conflict. He finds that most agreement in organizations is actually false consensus. It occurs because many people feel they might be isolated, censured or ridiculed if they voice objections. This often leads groups to act on inappropriate goals and is a setup for organizational...
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...Emotional intelligence means to be smart with feelings and examples of emotional intelligence are: * being able to recognize and manage your emotions appropriately * being able to recognize and effectively deal with others’ emotions * being able to motivate yourself and maintain successful relationships In short, emotional intelligence is the skill of perceiving, understanding, and effectively managing emotions like anger, happiness, anxiety, optimism, humor, sadness, fear, shame, love. Emotional intelligence example 1 Two people had a fight with their boss at work. One of them was emotionally intelligent and the other wasn't. On returning to their homes the first, who wasn't emotionally intelligent, started shouting at his children. This guy acted based on his emotions without thinking about them in an emotionally intelligent way. when the second person returned home and found that the kids were noisy he just told himself, “well, why should I shout at the kids, they are not the ones to blame for my feelings, they always make that loud noise while playing. The main reason i am feeling bad is because of my boss” Emotional intelligence example 2 One of the very simple examples that can be cited is that of a child and a parent. A child while looking at the sky with sparkling eyes wishes to have the moon and stars as other set of toys and the parent doesn’t reveal the truth rather assures that one day s/he would get the moon and stars for the child!!! That...
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