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Margaret Tatcher

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Margaret Thatcher

Yo Margaret Hilda Roberts nací el 13 de octubre en Inglaterra. Mi padre era Alfred Roberts, un propietario de dos tiendas de comestibles y ferviente metodista, que llegó a ser concejal de su pueblo. Mi madre fue Beatrice Roberts (cuyo apellido de soltera era Stephenson) y tuve una hermana llamada Muriel (1921-2004). Fui criada como una devota metodista y he permanecido cristiana durante toda mi vida. Estudie en la escuela femenina Kesteven y posteriormente en la institución educativa de Somerville, ingresando en la Universidad en 1944 para estudiar química. Me convertí en presidenta de la Asociación Conservadora de la Universidad de Oxford en 1946, la tercera mujer en acceder al puesto. Me gradué con un grado de segunda clase y trabaje como investigadora química para British Xylonite y después para J. Lyons, donde ayude a desarrollar métodos para la conservación de helados. También fui miembro de la Asociación de Trabajadores Científicos. En 1951 me case con Denis Thatcher, un alto ejecutivo de la industria petrolífera, quien me introdujo en la política. Mis dos hijos gemelos Marcos y Carol nacieron en 1953.En 1953 comencé a estudiar derecho tributario. En 1954 me hice, abogada. Ingrese en el Partido Conservador, del que mi marido ya era miembro, y en 1959 gane un escaño en la Cámara de los Comunes, al cual representaría por 35 años. Dos años más tarde fui nombrada secretaria de Estado para Asuntos Sociales, y luego ministra de Educación y Ciencia bajo el mandato de Edward heath, quien abolió la normativa que ordenaba la distribución gratuita de leche en las escuelas, lo cual provocó una oleada de protestas. En 1975 pude desplazar a Helth por amplia mayoría convirtiéndome en la primera mujer que lideraba uno de los dos grandes partidos parlamentarios, britanicos.Luego obtuve la victoria en las elecciones de 1979 y me convertí en la primera ministra del reino unido. Fui la primera mujer en accede al cargo y también la persona que más tiempo lo mantuvo en el siglo 20. Durante mi gobierno conseguí reducir la inflación y mejorar la cotización de la libra esterlina. Sin embargo, disminuyó la producción industrial, con el consiguiente incremento del paro, triplicado desde su subida al poder. Proliferaron, además, las quiebras de empresas y bancos. Todo ello se debió a la austeridad que acompañó mi Administración, dado que el objetivo de reducir la inflación era prioritario. En 1982, intervine enérgicamente en el conflicto de las Malvinas. Mi actitud fue bien vista por la opinión pública británica y ese mismo año volví a obtener la victoria electoral, esta vez con la mayoría más holgada lograda por un candidato desde 1935.Yo Margaret Thatcher junto a Helmut Kohl, Juan Pablo II, y mi gran aliado durante toda la década de los años 1980, Ronald Reagan, he sido una de las figuras históricas más importantes en ayudar al derrumbamiento del telón de acero y de los países comunistas de Europa del Este. En 1984 me enfrente a graves conflictos sociales, en especial la huelga de los mineros, que reprimí con dureza. Como jefa de gobierno continúe mi política neoliberal, la privatización de empresas estatales, de la educación y los medios de ayuda social, la lucha contra el desempleo y la limitación de las huelgas. En 1987 gané de nuevo las elecciones, pero en esta ocasión por un margen mucho más reducido. Mi negativa a la unión social y política del Reino Unido con Europa y la imposición del impuesto regresivo “poll tax”, provocó una polémica generalizada que me enfrentó a mi propio partido. No me quedó otra alternativa que renunciar de mi posición en el año 1990 y pase a la Cámara de los Lores al ser nombrada baronesa en 1993.Escribi dos volúmenes de venta de las mejores, de las memorias - La calle Downing Años (1993) y el camino al poder (1995). Un libro de reflexiones sobre la política internacional - el arte de gobernar - se publicó en 2002. Durante el período que hice algunas intervenciones importantes en la política interna británica, en particular en Bosnia y el Tratado de Maastricht. Por la política común agrícola, la agricultura británica era (y continúo) duramente subsidiada mientras otras partes débiles de la economía no reciben un soporte similar en las tasas de la renta. Este desequilibrio geográfico en el soporte a me condujo a un sentimiento generalizado en Escocia, Gales y las regiones inglesas y contribuí directamente al crecimiento de movimientos de descentralización en estas áreas. En marzo de 2002, tras varios pequeños accidentes cerebro vascular, que anunció el fin de mi carrera en el discurso público. Denis Thatcher, mi esposo de más de cincuenta años, murió en junio de 2003, recibiendo homenajes por todos lados. Entré los honores o reconocimientos que yo Margaret Thatcher he obtenido están: Medalla Presidencial de la Libertad, Medalla Senatorial Republicana de la Libertad, Patrona de la Fundación Heritage,Legión de la Libertad, Dama de la Muy Noble Orden de la Jarretera que es la orden de caballería más importante y antigua del Unido, Orden del Mérito, Miembro del Muy Honorable Consejo Privado de Su Majestad, Miembro de la Royal Society, Miembro honoraria del Carlton Club (club de caballeros), y la única mujer con derecho a disfrutar de todos los derechos que puede tener un miembro.

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