...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the patient-...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis Jo Ann Tyler Green NUR/513 10/15/2012 Michelle Johnson Concept Comparison and Analysis The concept, quality of life, as used in nursing theories, is presented in a historically situated context. This approach to concept analysis was selected to illuminate the subjective, contextual, and fluid nature of the concept. Based on this review, quality of life is defined as an intangible, subjective perception of one’s lived experience. From a review of Peplau’s, Rogers’, Leininger’s, King’s, and Parse’s conceptualizations of quality of life, it is concluded that it may be viable to replace health with quality of life as a meta-paradigm concept for nursing. There are numerous definitions of quality of life that exist. Described as experiences of life (Meeberg, 1993), satisfaction with life, and well-being (Ferrans, 1996; Haas, 1999; (Meeberg, 1993), the definition of quality of life lacks precision and specificity. Consistency is important because “differences in meaning can lead to profound differences in outcomes for research, clinical practice, and allocation of health care resources” (Ferrans, 1996, p. 294). Nurses have made important contributions to understanding this concept. The quality of life has been examined in groups of people experiencing a particular illness or health deficit, such as cancer or heart disease (C. R. King, 1998). Quality of life concept analyses have focused on existential aspects of the concept. However, these...
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...The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept and Propositions Florence Nightingale (1860) – Environmental Theory According to McDonald (2010), “Statistics were a vital component in her holistic approach to health care as a system. They served...
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...historical development of nursing may be traced back to Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known as the first nurse theorist, (George, 2011). Nightingale’s theory focused “on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient,” (George, 2011, p. 9). Nightingale’s theory or philosophy differentiated nurses from household servants, started the difference between nursing and medicine, and created the concern that nurses be involved with the health and wellness of the patient, (Alligood, 2010). Nightingale was also one of the first theorists to treat the patient as a whole being, (Alligood, 2010). “Nightingale believed nursing to be a spiritual calling,” (Alligood, 2010, p. 99). Many years of trials and tribulations have been encountered in nursing before it became a profession. There are many theories and theorists that have led to nursing to the profession it is today. Following is a timeline of some of the more important theorists’ and their theories and philosophies. 1952 Hildegard Peplau – “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing,” ("Theory of Interpersonal Relationships," 2012, p. 1). Peplau stated “nursing is therapeutic because it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care,” (George, 2011, p. 65). Peplau’s theory describes nursing as an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient because the relationship involves more than two individuals, (George, 2011). George goes...
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...Historical Development of Nursing In the world history, the development of nursing is regarded as the most fantastic journey mainly because of its high dependence on talented independent women, rather than a patriarchal society. Much of the evolution that took place in the ancient periods is lost to us, but during the Christian era, where Jesus Christ propagated the philosophies of love and mercy, there was significant growth in the community works (Donahue 80). Christian women came together in groups to volunteer and uplift the lives of the depraved members of the society thereafter (Donahue 81). The nineteenth century saw a lot of incidents which turned out to be turning points in this process of development. There were many research studies that went behind identifying the root and spread of communicable diseases. It is also in this period that anesthesia was invented and widely used, but the general masses continue to be in a situation where best of the medical treatment were unavailable. Reform activities were the need of the hour especially when sanitation issues troubled larger parts of Europe and the United States. This was the time when British nurse Florence Nightingale entered the nursing field. She would go on to change the course of the profession and the way the medicines are prescribed. Miss Nightingale was serving along with a group of women, taking care of the soldiers in Scutari, Turkey during the Crimean war between England and France in 1854. The conditions...
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...Rosemarie Parses’ Human Becoming theory can be seen to be indeed indispensable to this goal. Through this paper, I will explore the very important elements of Rosemarie Parses’ human becoming theory and in a clinical application, explain how it can be applied by nurses in their practice as well as their settings. Being informed about Parses’ Human Becoming theory does...
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...and education reform. Albert Einstein once described Piaget's observations on children's intellectual growth and thought processes as a discovery "so simple that only a genius could have thought of it." Sigmund Freud- When people think of psychology, many tend to think of Freud. His work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and abnormal psychology. Albert Bandura- Bandura's work is considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His social learning theory stressed the importance of observational learning, imitation, and modeling. "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to...
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...Concepts and Theories in Nursing Module 8 November/2014 Running Head: EVALUATING THEORY7 C-BaC Model Evaluation The criterion-based critique model (C-BaC) was designed to assist in the identification of connections between nursing practice and various theories. The design of C-BaC is to utilize eight standards (or criteria) to help you make judgements about the value and use of a theory (Johnson & Webber, 2010). This paper will view the theory of self-transcendence using the C-BaC model. Pamela Reed’s Theory of Self-Transcendence focuses on enhancing well-being of the whole person in the context of health experiences by means of self transcendence(Parker & Smith, 2010). Phase One The Meaning is Clear and Understandable: The theory of self-transcendence was originally aimed at addressing phenomena related to the aging process of the older adult and was later expanded to address well-being across the entire lifespan. Reed’s theory proposes that when people face life-threatening illness or undergo health related disruptions that illuminates one’s limitations the potential to expand (or transcend) self-boundaries becomes evident enhance well-being (Parker & Smith, 2010). The theory of self-transcendence aligns with contemporaries such as Martha Rogers because of the concept of human-beings being an open system requiring interaction with its environment. Reed’s theory is more difficult to understand due to the fact that it was originally...
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...Nursing theory is assumed as the body of information, which is used to assist the nursing practice. Nursing models are created with theories and perceptions. They are used to assist nurses assess, plan and implement patient care by delivering an outline within which to work. Nursing models also assist the nurses to accomplish consistency and unified care. This presentation shall examine the importance of Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring in today’s nursing practice, its relation to metaparagidm concepts and how the theory help us to improve the current nursing practices. Watson delivers many valuable impressions for nursing practice. •Watson ties different theories together which are frequently being used in clinical nursing practice. •The comprehensive explanations of the care factors which can provide direction to the nurses who desire to train as a bedside nurse or do nursing research. “Her accomplishments are the following - Recipient of numerous awards counting: an international Kellogg Fellowship in Australia, a Fulbright Research Award in Sweden and six Honorary Doctoral Degrees, including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, United Kingdom, and Quebec) She was the 1993 recipient of the National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award, which identifies a nurse academic who has made substantial donations to nursing information that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences. New York University recognized her as a Distinguished Nurse...
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...Organizational Theory, Design, and Change Jones 6th Edition Test Bank Click here to download the solutions manual / test bank INSTANTLY!!! http://solutionsmanualtestbanks.blogspot.com/2011/10/organizational-theory-d esign-and-change_18.html ----------------------------------------------------------------------Organizational Organizational Organizational Organizational Theory, Theory, Theory, Theory, Design, Design, Design, Design, and and and and Change Change Change Change Jones Jones Jones Jones 6th 6th 6th 6th Edition Edition Edition Edition Test Test Test Test Bank Bank Bank Bank -------------------------------------------------------------------------***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Test Bank in e-version of the following book*** Name: Organizational Theory, Design, and Change Author: Jones Edition: 6th ISBN-10: 0136087310 Type: Test Bank - The test bank is what most professors use an a reference when making exams for their students, which means there’s a very high chance that you will see a very similar, if not exact the exact, question in the test! - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6 hours. This is the quality of service we are providing and we hope to be your...
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...Click here to download the solutions manual / test bank INSTANTLY!! http://testbanksolutionsmanual.blogspot.com/2011/02/accounting-information-systems-romney.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney Steinbart 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney Steinbart 11th Edition Solutions Manual ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Solution Manual in e-version of the following book*** Name: Accounting Information Systems Author: Romney Steinbart Edition: 11th ISBN-10: 0136015182 Type: Solutions Manual - The file contains solutions and questions to all chapters and all questions. All the files are carefully checked and accuracy is ensured. - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6...
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...The Theory of Jean Watson Sheila A. Arao, RN University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Abstract Dr. Jean Watson She was born on June 10, 1940 in Williamson, West Virginia, USA. She pursues her education of BSN in University of Colorado, 1964, Masters in University of Colorado, 1966, and doctoral degree in University of Colorado, 1973. Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing Care is a middle-range theory that focuses on the interconnectedness of patient and nurse. Nurses play a vital role in their patients’ life and by developing caring behaviors, they could facilitate healing. This theory also focuses on authentically caring about the whole patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. Watson believes caring about oneself is important and integral in a transpersonal relationship. The theory introduces clinical caritas process which help guide the nurse toward developing caring behaviors. They include general concepts of faith, trust, love, hope, caring, selflessness, spirituality, energy, and understanding. This theory is very significant to nursing practice and can be applicable to all fields of nursing. This paper will briefly elaborate Watson’s Theory of Human Caring and elucidate its strengths and weakness in the acute care setting. Introduction Biography Jean Watson was born on June 10, 1940 in Williamson, West Virginia, USA. During her education years, she graduated high school in West Virginia, graduated the Lewis Gale School of Nursing...
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...Running Head: Making ethical and moral decision using the Utilitarian Principal TUI UNIVERSITY XXXXXXXXXXXX Module 2 Case ETH501: Business Ethics Dr. Stevens June 10, 2013 “A pacemaker is a small modern day device, about the size of a half dollar piece, that's placed under the skin near your heart to help control your heartbeat. People may need a pacemaker for a variety of reasons, mostly due to one of a group of conditions called arrhythmias, in which the heart's rhythm is abnormal”(MayoClinic.com, 2012). This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a standard rate. In the heart's electrical system, impulses generated by the natural pacemaker are conducted to the atria and ventricles. Heart surgery or certain diseases can interrupt transmission (heart block), requiring use of a temporary or permanent artificial pacemaker. A tiny electrode attached to an electric generator outside the body is threaded through a vein into the heart. The generator, inserted beneath the skin, produces regular pulses of electric charge to maintain the heartbeat. Pacemakers can also be implanted on the heart's surface. The Sole Remaining Supplier, which we will refer to as Company X has an ethical dilemma of weather to continue to sell the tiny transistors to a company that makes pacemakers that are not 100% for use of patients in dismal need. To make an ethical and business resolution of what to do as a board of director, the sole remaining...
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...Comunicación y cultura 6e Eduardo Bacon Nibert Solutions manaual and test bank ¡Arriba!: Comunicación Y Cultura, Brief Edition, 6/E Eduardo Zayas-Bazán, Solutions Manual And Test Bank 2012 Individual Taxation 6e James W. Pratt, William N. Kulsrud Solutions manaual and test bank A Concise Introduction To Logic 11e Patrick Hurley solutions manual and test bank A friendly introduction to number theory 3rd by silverman( solutions manual) A History of Modern Psychology, 10th Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz instructor manual with test bank Abnormal psychology - thomas f. Oltmanns (5th ed) solutions manual and test bank Abnormal psychology 14e butcher mineka hooley solutions manual and tet bank About Philosophy, 11/E Robert Paul Wolff, instructor manual with test bank Absolute C ++ 4e Walter Savitch Solutions manaual and test bank Absolute C++ 5/E Walter Savitch solutions manual and test bank Accounting 24e Carl Warren James M. Reeve Solutions manaual and test bank Accounting 9e Horngren Harrison Oliver Solutions manaual and test bank Accounting concepts and applications - steve albrecht (11th ed) solutions manual and test bank Accounting for governmental and nonprofit entities 16e by wilson & reck solutions manual and test bank Accounting Information System 9e Bonder Solutions manaual and test bank Accounting information systems - george h. Bodnar (10th ed) solutions manual and test bank Accounting information systems 12e marshall b. Romney paul j....
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...Adrian Payne & Pennie Frow A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management In this article, the authors develop a conceptual framework for customer relationship management (CRM) that helps broaden the understanding of CRM and its role in enhancing customer value and, as a result, shareholder value. The authors explore definitional aspects of CRM, and they identify three alternative perspectives of CRM. The authors emphasize the need for a cross-functional, process-oriented approach that positions CRM at a strategic level. They identify five key cross-functional CRM processes: a strategy development process, a value creation process, a multichannel integration process, an information management process, and a performance assessment process. They develop a new conceptual framework based on these processes and explore the role and function of each element in the framework. The synthesis of the diverse concepts within the literature on CRM and relationship marketing into a single, process-based framework should provide deeper insight into achieving success with CRM strategy and implementation. ver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in customer relationship management (CRM) by both academics and executives. However, despite an increasing amount of published material, most of which is practitioner oriented, there remains a lack of agreement about what CRM is and how CRM strategy should be developed. The purpose of this article is...
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