Medical and Diagnostic Biochemistry
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Medical and Diagnostic Biochemistry
Introduction
Glucose also called a dextrose is a natural sugar present in honey and fruits and it belongs to a group of carbohydrates called monosaccharide’s and has a formula C6H12O6 .Glucose makes most of the sugar circulating in the blood of animals hence its other name blood sugar. Cells in the body get their energy from glucose; therefore it is important to regulate its metabolism in the human body. In the human body glucose is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates ingested in the food we eat or the one stored in form of glycogen. It is also gotten from the synthesis of proteins. Excess glucose in the human body is converted into fats and glycogen and stored in the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. When the levels of glucose intake are not adequate to provide the energy needs breakdown of carbohydrates stores occurs in order to form glucose (Encyclopedia). Blood sugar measurements are done to determine glucose levels in human body and are carried out in hospitals and chemistry heath care laboratories. Diabetes mellitus is the most common disorder for carbohydrate metabolism and it is as a result of high levels of blood sugar in the body (Encyclopedia).
A metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of blood is called diabetes mellitus. The high level of blood sugar is as a result of production of insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas since insulin reduces glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia) (Buse JB,2011). The two types of diabetes are: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is as a result of lack of insulin in the blood which leads to hyperglycemia and is insulin-dependent for management, whereas type 2 diabetes mellitus is not dependent on the levels of insulin in the blood for management and is not linked to HLA markers