...The sun's rays make us feel good, and in the short term, make us look good. But our love affair isn't a two-way street: Exposure to sun causes most of the wrinkles and age spots on our faces. Consider this: One woman at age 40 who has protected her skin from the sun actually has the skin of a 30-year-old! We often link a glowing complexion with good health, but skin color from being in the sun – or in a tanning booth – actually speeds up the effects of aging and increases your risk for developing skin cancer. Sun exposure causes most of the skin changes that we think of as a normal part of aging. Over time, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) light damages the fibers in the skin called elastin. When these fibers break down, the skin begins to sag, stretch, and lose its ability to go back into place after stretching. The skin also bruises and tears more easily taking longer to heal. So while sun damage to the skin may not be noticeable when you're young, it will definitely show later in life. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the number-one cause of skin cancer, but UV light from tanning beds is just as harmful. Skin cancer is the most widespread form of all cancers in the U.S. and the number of cases continues to rise. It is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. This rapid growth results in tumors, which are either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma....
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...Gene mutations that are passed down from parent to child can increase the risk of melanoma. Variation in skin, hair, and eye pigmentation between people of different ancestries is one of the most noticeable human characteristics; it is very well known and understood that human skin color, hair color, and eye color is mostly genetic. The MC1R gene provides instructions for making a protein called the melonocartin 1 receptor. This receptor plays an important role in normal pigmentation such as red hair, freckling, and sun sensitivity. This receptor is primarily located on the surface of our melanocytes, which are the specialized cells that produce the pigment called melanin. Differences in pigmentation between people are largely the result of differences in the amount and types of melanin produced, and packaging of melanin, and not the number of...
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...I. Executive Summary Upendo Disabled Group is registered NGO with years of operational experience. The Group has a vision of increase confidence of people with disabilities for their complete emancipation from inferiority complex and become responsible for their life in order to participate full in building the nation. The main goal is to build a society where disable will have equal opportunities to social economical and physical development to all level. Upendo Disabled Group working with different stakeholders will address some of the factors causing killings of Albinos. The organization will provide Human right education to society to understand the nature of the problem and how to solve it. The Project will help Albinos to be aware of their disability problem, how to overcome and build their skills to take control of their life. Upendo disabled group will prepare a film and distribute in different districts in lake regions. In that film the effect of stigma to Albino will be addressed. Also the community will be educated that Albino they can do many thing like those of normal person. The program will be broadcasted in different TV stations to attract more people. Upendo disabled Group will conduct interventions using different approaches such as community outreach activities, group discussions between parents and Albino and establishment of active groups to reach the target. Upendo disable group has more than 3 years experience working together with disabled groups and...
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...Signs/Symptoms Symptoms of albinism can involve the skin, hair, and eyes. The skin, because it contains little pigment, appears very light, as does the hair. Although people with albinism may experience a variety of eye problems, one of the myths about albinism is that it causes people to have pink or red eyes. In fact, people with albinism can have irises varying from light gray or blue to brown. People with albinism may have one or more of the following eye problems: -They may be very far-sighted or near-sighted, and may have other defects in the curvature of the lens of the eye (astigmatism) that cause images to appear unfocused. They may have a constant, involuntary movement of the eyeball called nystagmus. -They may have problems in coordinating the eyes in fixing and tracking objects (strabismus), which may lead to an appearance of having "crossed eyes" at times. Strabismus may cause some problems with depth perception, especially at close distances. -They may be very sensitive to light (photophobia) because their irises allow "stray" light to enter their eyes. It's a common misconception that people with albinism shouldn't go out on sunny days, but wearing sunglasses can make it possible to go outside quite comfortably. Age/Gender/Race Pre-dispositions Race All races appear to be equally affected by the associated mutations. However, oculocutaneous (albinism type 2) is reportedly more common among Africans and African Americans (1 case per...
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...Abstract: Hyperpigmentation refers to a skin condition in which spots of skin become darker than the natural surrounding skin due to an overproduction of melanin. Hyperpigmentation services and products that garner effective and safe results are becoming essential menu items in salons and spas. Advances in skin care technology have been incorporated in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Along with this, the use of holistic, natural ingredients in skin care preparations is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper contends that the utilization of high-tech skin care equipment and holistic ingredients allow for a safe, minimally-invasive, and highly-effective facial hyperpigmentation treatment in salons and spas. This paper will propose a treatment protocol for facial hyperpigmentation. Abstract: Hyperpigmentation refers to a skin condition in which spots of skin become darker than the natural surrounding skin due to an overproduction of melanin. Hyperpigmentation services and products that garner effective and safe results are becoming essential menu items in salons and spas. Advances in skin care technology have been incorporated in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Along with this, the use of holistic, natural ingredients in skin care preparations is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper contends that the utilization of high-tech skin care equipment and holistic ingredients allow for a safe, minimally-invasive, and highly-effective facial hyperpigmentation treatment...
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...pigmentation. It is also a very rare. Approximately there are fewer than 20,000 cases in the United States per year. All over the world there have been cases of albinism. The levels of pigmentation depend on what type of albinism is present in a person. Whether a person is affected with albinism or not is often present in the skin, eyes, and hair. While not everyone with albinism has the same characteristics they all experience vision problems. The most common form of albinism results in white hair and light pink skin. However, the skin color can range anywhere from white to brown. Some people affected with albinism go their whole life with skin pigmentation that never varies. While others may develop an increase in melanin production or begin to produce melanin. Which results in slight changes to the color of one’s skin. A person with albinism can have hair that ranges anywhere from white to brown as well. An affected person of Asian or African descent may have hair color that is reddish, brown, or yellow. The eye color can range from light blue to brown. As all people with albinism are affected with vision problems, there are different signs and symptoms. That includes nystagmus; a rapid, involuntary movement in a back-and-forth pattern the eyes. Another potential vision problem would be strabismus; which is the inability of both eyes to move in unison or to stay directed at the same point. Some may suffer from extreme farsightedness or nearsightedness. Others may have...
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...Advanced Ultrawhite capsule ISHIGAKI ADVANCED ULTRAWHITE - 60 CAPS Authentic Ishigaki Glutathione for Skin Whitening-Clear Beautiful Skin • Whitens & improves skin 3x Faster Than Ivory Caps • Extremely effective oral formula • New Ultrawhite formulation for faster results • Whitens & brightens dark skin, melasma, sun tan • Oral glutathione has been shown in double-blind placebo-controlled study to effectively promote the lightening of skin through the inhibition of skin pigment (melanin) production • Glutathione Skin for Whitening has Been Shown To Be Safe and Effective in Numerous Clinical Studies • Contains 600mg of L-Glutathione per Capsule, 3 Times as Much as Ivory Caps • Contains 200mg of L-Glutathione booster, which increases the efficacy of the glutathione Glutathione competitively inhibits melanin synthesis in the reaction of tyrosinase and L-DOPA by interrupting L-DOPA's ability to bind to tyrosinase during melanin synthesis. These results indicate that...
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... Albinism is defined as congenital disorder that are inherited as a recessive genetic trait (Oetting WS, Fryer JP, Shriram S and King RA, 2003),( Hagen EAH, Houston GC, Hoffmann MB and Morland AB, 2007). They are have either a reduced level of or no pigment in their skin, eyes or hair. This hereditary disease can be found in humans (affecting all races)( Hagen EAH, Houston GC, Hoffmann MB, Jeffery G and Morland AB, 2005),( Blachford SL, 2002). Individuals with albinism will have some form of vision difficulty,which could include nystagmus, refractive error, glare, and tropia.they are classified as being in the category of low vision beacuse of they have visual dysfunction(Wildsoet CF, Oswald PJ, Clark S, 2007)( Neveu MM, Holder GE, Sloper JJ, Jeffery G,2005). A survey by Omar and Fatin who state that albinos had most difficulties when they were looking at distant objects. Case presentation A 21-year-old Malay woman diagnosed as having albinism presented to a Low Vision Clinic for low-vision assessment. she complain from blurring of distant vision, glare and her dissatisfaction with her current autofocus spectacle-mounted telescope, which she reported as being cosmetically unacceptable and heavy (Figure 1) The case history for low vision patients can take from 20 to 40 minutes to complete The information collected should provide a good description of the patient and specific goals. we need to know ocular History, Medical History, Developmental...
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...The vitreous body is a sticky gel-like substance that fills most of the inside of the eyeball and gives it shape. The vitreous is clear and must remain clear in order for light to pass through it and reach the retina. A vitrectomy is a surgery to remove a portion of the vitreous fluid. It may need to be performed if: • Anything happens to the vitreous in one or both of your eyes that makes the fluid cloudy. • The vitreous is pulling on the structures it touches and risks tearing them. LET YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER KNOW ABOUT: • Any allergies you have. • All medicines you are taking, including vitamins, herbs, eye drops, creams, and over-the-counter medicines. • Previous problems you or members of your family have had with the use of anesthetics. • Any blood disorders you have. • Previous surgeries you have had. • Any medical conditions you have. Whether you are pregnant or may be pregnant. RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS Generally, this is a safe procedure. However, problems may occur, including: • Infection. • Bleeding. • Allergic reactions to medicines [or dyes]. • Damage to other structures or organs. • Seeing small drifting specks in your field of vision (floaters). • Retinal tears or detachment. BEFORE THE PROCEDURE When emergency surgery is not required, you will have time to prepare for the procedure. The following are things you may need to do before the procedure. • Ask your caregiver about changing or stopping your regular medicines. You may need to stop taking...
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...In the film “Skin Deep,” Nina Jablonski theorized that variation in human skin color is due to the environmental factors of geography and the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, not race. Skin pigmentation is important to human health because it developed as the body’s way of balancing its need for vitamin D and folate. Because human skin color correlates closely with annual levels of UV radiation levels based on geography, the skin needs to have the correct pigmentation in order to endure the UV light from the sun. (Jablonski, “Skin Deep”) 4. Identify the five unnatural elements of human sexuality, which Jared Diamond suggests separate human behavior from the behavior of most mammals. (10 pts) • Most other mammals like individually, not in pairs,...
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...Melanins are pigments found throughout the body that give color to people, and the amounts of melanins determine things like hair color, eye color, and skin color. Of course, the amount of melanin is predetermined by genetics. There are two types of melanins: pheomelanin and eumelanin. Pheomelanin produces light and red colored pigments, while eumelanin produces black and brown pigments. All hair colors: black, brown, blonde, red, and gray hair is a combination of both eumelanin and pheomelanin (Veloz). People with black hair have high concentrations of eumelanin that give them the dark pigmented hair. People with brown hair also have high concentrations eumelanin, the variant colors of brown have to do with the concentration of pheomelanin....
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...If you want a good alternative to a tanning bronzer that is FHA free, then consider a warming lotion. You may also want to consider applying a tanning tingle product. There is also no worries about streaking that is often common when using cheaper types of tanning bronzers. Tanning Tingles You can find tanning tingles in a heating option and a cooling option. The biggest benefit of applying a tanning tingle product is the process simulates tanning out in the sun. One aspect to keep in mind about tanning tingles is the skin will be heated to the point where mild reddening will occur. The reason there is reddening of the skin is due to the increase of blood flow to the epidermis. There is an increase in the level of oxygen and melanin that allows the skin to better absorb UV light. The skin will be darker with a much deeper effect than other types of tanning lotions. After Tan Moisturizers Applying an after tan lotion is necessary to help restore moisture to the skin. This is important and will benefit in three different ways. 1. Keeping the skin hydrated after tanning will help prevent premature...
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...What is vitiligo? Vitiligo is a disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches.The patches appear when melanocytes in the skin die off. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing the skin pigment, melanin, which gives skin its color and protects it from the sun's UV rays.It can also affect the eyes, the inside of mouth, and the hair. In most cases, the affected areas remain discolored for the rest of the person's life. The only symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of flat white spots or patches on the skin. The first white spot that becomes noticeable is usually in an area that tends to be exposed to the sun. Although, it does not cause any discomfort, irritation, soreness, or dryness in the skin. The areas that are affected will be more sensitive to sunlight than those that are not. As for treatment, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) describe vitiligo as "more than a cosmetic problem." It is a health issue that needs medical attention. There are many natural and home remedies that seem to reduce the visibility of vitiligo. For example, research indicates that ginkgo biloba can help treat vitiligo because of its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. It can help reduce the...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed ne. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. is woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “ e Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II Skin Pigmentation and...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I – Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed fine. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. This woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “The Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II – Skin Pigmentation...
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