...SMALL SCALE ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA HUL 736: Developmental Economics and Planning Abstract A study on the small scale energy sector in India and its impacts on development Saumya Mathur 2011ME10725 Sanjeev Ranjan 2011ME10724 Contents Small Scale Energy ......................................................................................................................... 4 Technologies and set-up............................................................................................................... 5 The power plant ......................................................................................................................... 5 Extra equipment needed besides the power plant ..................................................................... 5 Possible set-ups ......................................................................................................................... 6 Costs ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Grid parity ................................................................................................................................. 7 Differences from Traditional Energy .............................................................................................. 7 Advantages and Disadvantages....................................................................................................... 8 Potential...
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...MBA 439: Business Economics CBA Report Writing Topic: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Pacific Islands Alternative Energy (An Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Options for Rural Electrification in Pacific Island Countries) Lecturer: Professor Jim MacMaster By Tamaroa Tekeiaki – s11059287. Introduction Is there a way for Pacific island countries to opt for a more inexpensive and environmental friendly power source for rural electrification or should they just stick to the current source of energy they are using at the moment? This report provides then a summary of the evaluation on the economic and financial cost of these alternative renewable energy projects that the pacific islands may opt to in terms of their cost-benefit analysis. From recent data report the world relied on renewable sources for around 13.1% of its primary energy supply, according to IEA statistics. Renewables accounted for 19.5% of global electricity generation. (IRENA websites, 2009) According to the report, Woodruff stated that, “In the pacific islands alone approximately 70% (or approximately 50% excluding Papua New Guinea) of the region’s population still lacks access to electricity. In addition, Pacific Island Countries, despite their abundance of renewable energy resources, remain almost completely dependent on imported fossil fuels for meeting their energy needs. However, imported fuel from overseas account for an average of 40% of countries’ gross domestic products. With rising fuel...
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...percent of people in the developing world still have no access to electricity in their homes, health clinics, or schools, and are completely isolated from the modern world's wealth of resources. Kerosene lamps, candles, and dry cell batteries are used for home lighting and radios. Health clinics have no means to power refrigerators necessary for vaccine and other drug preservation, and health care workers have limited access to modern medical knowledge and research. Children in village schools spend hours hand-copying notes off of chalk boards because their schools have no photocopiers; and without computers, these kids are trapped in the digital divide of information haves and have-nots. This paper seeks to explore the potential successfulness of renewable energy electrification in the developing world. It begins by describing the current energy needs in rural areas of the world, and the consequences of continued increases in fossil fuel consumption that may occur if renewable energies are not used. The second part of the paper briefly explains the processes, the advantages, and the disadvantages of three available forms of energy: hydro-, solar, and wind power. Finally, in the conclusion, it makes a proposal to help resolve some of the problems presented at the beginning of the paper. Electricity Demand and the Developing World A Growing Necessity Hundreds of millions of people live in remote areas of the world where local governments cannot provide electricity...
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...and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and bio fuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly.[1] The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.[2] Wind power is growing at the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 198 gigawatts (GW) in 2010,[3][4] and is widely used in Europe, Asia, and theUnited States.[5] At the end of 2010, cumulative global photovoltaic (PV) installations surpassed 40 GW[6][7][8] and PV power stations are popular in Germany and Spain.[9] Solar thermal power stations operate in the USA and Spain, and the largest of these is the 354 megawatt (MW) SEGS power plant in the Mojave Desert.[10]The world's largest geothermal power installation is the Geysers in California, with a rated capacity of 750 MW. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, and ethanol now provides 18% of the country's automotive fuel.[11] Ethanol fuel is also widely available in the USA. While many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development.[12] As of 2011, small solar PV systems provide electricity to a few million households, and micro-hydro configured into mini-grids serves many more. Over 44...
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...Alternative Energy In our World were innovation happens on a daily basis, the field of renewable energy is one that needs to continue innovating to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels. There are a number of options but there are three that are at the forefront. In my area I have a number of options when it comes to who provides my energy needs, the company that was chosen was Walton EMC, which is one of 36 Georgia electric cooperatives that form Green Power EMC that uses green resources such as Solar, low-impact Hydro and biomass energies. As a company already investing in renewable energy we should look into the different types there are and what they bring to the consumer. Solar Energy (Photovoltaic Technology) makes use of the abundant resource that is our Sun and is considered a renewable energy source because it should be around at least another 6 billion year (we hope). We see this technology at work mainly on homes as a way to reduced one’s energy cost. Right now electricity produced by the sun on a larger scale is more expensive than other renewable energy sources though it has dropped significantly, but with advances in technology for the capturing and storage of the Sun energy it will become more cost effective. Wind energy has enormous potential, it’s believed to be able to provide 20 times more energy than the entire human population needs. Wind is a renewable energy source, like the Sun (since wind energy originates from the sun) should...
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...1. Analysis of the Nepalese Entrepreneurs and the practice of Entrepreneurship in Nepal. 2. Social entrepreneurship 3. Micro hydro power plant in rural parts of Nepal. 4. BUSINESS PLAN Express Transport Considering the current situation, we plan to establish a business running motorcycles and scooters to get people without private transportation to their destination on time in Kathmandu’s traffic. The tag line would be “Say bye bye to Micro-buses”. This business has good potential in Nepal as the people who don’t have private transportation have to compromise and travel in microbuses. It is very difficult to travel in microbuses as they are fully loaded and also very time consuming. The company’s main goal would be to facilitate people at a reasonable price with safety. 5. Fashion Paper bag fashion Paper Bag Company offers fashionable paper bags to the people who adore nature at the same time believe in following current fashion trends. Our clients are the ones who visit malls, multiplexes, Departmental stores, gift shops, hyper markets, super markets, specialty stores, etc. our company be buying the raw materials from the Paper Industry, the Paper park, Watabaran, Jamarko Nepal, and even from the Indian company like Rama paper and pulp, Mumbai, kay pulp,pune, premium, Mumbai etc. These company offers variety of paper bags of proven quality to satisfy different requirements of customer. Changing lifestyle & fashion has been a major factor of growth...
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...Energy India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 January 2014 Copyright © 2014, by McKinsey & Company, Inc. India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 January 2014 4 India: Towards Energy Independence 2030 Introduction India is the world’s fourth largest economy1 as well as the fourth largest energy consumer. India imports a substantial portion of its energy — 80 per cent of its oil, 18 per cent of its gas, and now even 23 per cent of its coal. As the Indian economy continues to grow, so will its energy consumption, especially as the growth of its manufacturing sector catches up with services and agriculture. With domestic resource production facing various challenges, the general expectation has been that Indian energy imports will continue to grow, and energy security concerns will intensify. The outlook and options for Indian energy independence therefore becomes an important topic. A 2030 outlook is particularly relevant since it is difficult to significantly change energy policy in 5 or 10 years, but almost any boundary conditions can be changed over a 15-year period. Moreover, there have been few if any, in-depth perspectives on this topic for 2030. This white paper builds off the ‘2030 Global Energy Perspective’, McKinsey’s substantial body of research on energy demand and supply, and our understanding of the evolution of the global and Indian energy sectors. We have tried to address some of the basic questions that arise about Indian energy in 2030: Is India’s...
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...12 countries. Company: Apple-Environment They believe true innovation must consider everything. They don’t want to debate climate change. They want to stop it. Innovation means working with what’s here to create something new. Not everything can be replaced. So they reuse and recycle. They leave some important things out of our products. With good reason. They’ve taken significant steps. With many more to come. They take their passion for innovation beyond our products and into our practices. As part of their continuing mission to leave the world better than they found it, they’re partnering with The Conservation Fund to protect and create the type of forests they use in their packaging. They’ve developed a renewable micro-hydro project to power their data center in Prineville, Oregon. And they’re building a solar farm in China to offset energy used by their offices and retail stores. Because it’s their responsibility to make sure that while creating beautiful products, they’re also caring for their beautiful...
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...The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water. The design combines features of radial and axial turbines. The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin. The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube that helps decelerate the water and recover kinetic energy. The turbine does not need to be at the lowest point of water flow as long as the draft tube remains full of water. A higher turbine location, however, increases the suction that is imparted on the turbine blades by the draft tube. The resulting pressure drop may lead to cavitation. Variable geometry of the wicket gate and turbine blades allow efficient operation for a range of flow conditions. Kaplan turbine efficiencies are typically over 90%, but may be lower in very low head applications.[2] Current areas of research include CFD driven efficiency improvements and new designs that raise survival rates of fish passing through. Because the propeller blades are rotated on high-pressure hydraulic oil bearings, a critical element of Kaplan design is to maintain a positive seal to prevent emission of oil into the waterway. Discharge of oil into rivers is not desirable...
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...Apple Purchasing products in a sustainable way Apple state on their website ‘We don’t want to debate climate change. We want to stop it.’ this quote shows that Apple care about the environment enough, to represent figures on how they are helping to stop climate change. Apple have discovered more efficient ways to produce their products, these ways have lead them to reduce their overall carbon emissions since 2011. Apple further state that 87% of their global manufacturing run on renewable energy sources. The company has taken drastic action in utilising the natural resources on Earth to power their industry sustainably. Sunlight, wind, geothermal, fuel cells, and micro-hydro are all the fuels Apple have begun to use, leading to their continuous reduction in carbon emissions. Sourcing their products ethically Apple’s suppliers have to demonstrate valid commitment to protecting their workers and their rights. One of these rights includes a maximum 60-hour working week. Apple states on their website ‘Last year, 92 per cent of all our suppliers’ working weeks were compliant with our 60-hour maximum standard.’ which shows how important their ethical standards are to them. Representing such a high figure means their efforts aren’t directly based on profits, but also with their workers. Additionally, it has helped foreign factory workers become reimbursed with $3.96 million of what they had lost to labour brokers. Minimising waste and carrying out recycling All electronic waste...
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...POWER AND ENERGY INDUSTRY IN INDIA 1. OVERVIEW OF INDIA’S POWER SECTOR 1.1 Background India's power market is the fifth largest in the world. The power sector is high on India's priority as it offers tremendous potential for investing companies based on the sheer size of the market and the returns available on investment capital. Contribution from different sources of power generation Gas based 10% Coal based Gas based Hydro Renewable Nuclear Diesel Source: Ministry of Power, Government of India Almost 55 per cent of this capacity is based on coal, about 10 per cent on gas, 26 per cent on hydro, approximately 5 per cent on renewable sources, about 3 per cent on nuclear and 1 per cent on diesel. In the past five years, there has been a much greater emphasis on transmission and distribution reforms. The government aims to provide "power to all" by 2012. To achieve that promise, it will have to add as much as 1,00,000 MW of generation capacity, cut AT&C losses substantially to below 20 per cent, rationalize tariffs and ensure that average revenue realization is greater than the cost of production. It will have to continue to push the process of reform and restructuring and ensure greater private participation, in every segment. In the past few years, there has been considerable growth in power plants based on renewable sources of energy. The Plant Load Factor (PLF) of generating plants has improved consistently over the last 10 years. The share of thermal power...
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...Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photovoltaic effect.[2] Photovoltaics were initially, and still are, used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW ISEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California. Other large CSP plants include the SEGS (354 MW) in the Mojave Desert of California, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The 250+ MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic power stations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power ...
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...Solar Energy Businesses in the Philippines Solutions) - AVGarcia Power Systems Corp. - AVODROC D MARKETING - Ace Electech Center Importer and Distributor of LED Bulbs, LED Fluorescent, Solar Panel, Solar Fan, Solar Refrigerator, Solar Cooker, Wind Generator, CCTV system, PABX Communication System, Telephones, AVR, Battery Chargers, Sine wave Inverters, Square Wave Inverters, Solar Water Pump and many more. • Business type: manufacturer, wholesale supplier, importer, distributor • Product types: LED lighting, solar street lighting, LED light bulbs, solar lighting systems, wind turbines (small), DC lighting, CCTV Systems, PABX Communication systems, AVR, Inverters, Telephones, . • Service types: engineering • Address: 555 Raon st. (G. Puyat), Sta. Cruz, Manila Philippines • Telephone: 3097535 • FAX: 7401983 • Web Site: http://www.aceelectechcenter.com • E-mail: Send Email to Ace Electech Center AFMI. Global Phils. Inc. • Business type: distributor • Product types: LED lighting, solar electric power systems, batteries deep cycle, uninterruptible power supplies UPS, generators diesel, air filtering and purification system components, ESD and Conductive Tiles. • Service types: consulting, design, construction, engineering, site survey and assessment services, contractor services, maintenance and repair services, testing services • Address: P3 Aurora Building Alabang Zapote Road, Muntinlupa, Philippines Philippines...
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...Engineering Abstract: About 1.4 billion urban and rural households around the world remain without electricity access today. 85% of these households are in rural areas and find it geographically challenging to benefit from grid-connected electricity for power supply. In the developing countries, rural areas mainly rely on inconvenient non-commercial resources like wood, agricultural residues etc. as sources of power generation. Hence, Off-Grid power, which can be generated on-site from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass, plays a major role for the future of rural electrification world-wide. To achieve universal access of electricity, International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that by 2030 about 171 TWh of Off-Grid electricity will need to be generated for providing power to approximately 210M or 20% of total rural households. This paper focuses on understanding the implementation and impact of three Off-Grid renewable energy systems in three different developing countries. Two of them are successfully implemented and the other is currently under implementation. The fully implemented Off-Grid systems selected for this paper are “Off-Grid Rural Electrification-Ladakh” in India and “Off grid Solar Power System for a rural village” in Malaysia. The system that is currently being implemented is the “Rural Renewable Energy Development Project” in Bhutan. These projects have been selected based on their significant contributions to rural electrification in their...
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...Engineering. From then only I never looked backed, study Electrical Energy their implantation and trying for new and new experiments to have different lighting becomes nature and Destiney of my life. Soon after I finished high school, I sat in the entrance exam for undergraduate course in Institute of Technology of Cambodia. When I was chosen for that in which only 50 students selected out of 2500 candidates and offered a seat in the Electrical & Energy Engineering stream I grabbed it with both hands. My undergraduate study in ITC exposed me to a course pattern which not only aided me in strengthening my fundamentals but also introduced me to promising fields such as Analog and Digital Electronics, Electrical Machines, Power Systems, Electrical Power Plant, Power Electronics, Electrical equipment’s,Renewable...
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