...Energy, Work and power of the body All body activities including thinking, doing work, or keeping the body temp. constant involve energy changes, for example under resting(Basal)conditions the skeletal muscles and the heart using 25% of the body's energy ,another 19%is being used by the brain,10%is being used by the kidneys, and 27% is being used by the liver and the spleen. A small percent of about 5% of food energy being excreted in feces and urine. Extra food energy will be stored mainly as fat. External heat energy from environment can help maintain the body temp. , but it has no use in body function. Conservation of energy Change in the stored energy (i.e. food energy, body fat and the body heat) =Heat lost from the body + Work done Assumes that no food or drink is taken and no feces or urine is excreted during the interval of time considered. ●This is similar to the first law of thermodynamic:- ∆Q= ∆u + ∆w -1- ●Where ∆Q is the change of quantity of heat of the system. ● ● ∆u is the change in the internal or stored energy. ∆w is the work done. This can be written as ∆u= ∆Q - ∆w A body doing no work (∆w=0) and at constant temp. continues to lose heat to its surroundings, and ∆Q is negative. Therefore, ∆u is also negative, indicating a decrease in stored energy. The rate of change of their variables is just taken per unit time ( by dividing on ∆t) . ∆u / ∆t = ∆Q/∆t - ∆w/∆t The body's basic source of energy is the food energy; it must be chemically changed...
Words: 2625 - Pages: 11
...sources of energy in the near future, like wind power or solar power. These changes would also help reduce the amounts of greenhouse (A gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range) gasses being emitted into the air, which would help slow down the effects of global warming. Wind is air in motion (Casper), and wind power is a large percent of current energy produced. It can help reduced emitted greenhouse gasses and slow down the effects of global warming. The global wind energy potential is roughly five times current global electricity use (Flavin). Also the price of wind generated energy fell more steeply than any other energy source over the past 30 years (Burnett). The cost of wind power fell from approximately 25 cents per kilowatt per hour (kwh) in the early 1980s to between 5 cents and 7 cents per kwh (Burnett). Advocates argue that a new generation of turbines will bring down the cost to below 5 cents per kwh (Burnett). This would make it much easier for people to be able to afford it. Wind power could provide as much as 6 percent of the nation’s energy (Burnett). It is currently providing less than 1% of the U.S. power supply but could double its shares within 10 years (Burnett). Furthermore, wind power plants receive accelerated depreciation (Burnett). As of 2006, wind power was the cheapest form of large scale electric generation to install (Lerner). This led to the growth of wind power plants. Wind power is the earliest...
Words: 1058 - Pages: 5
...Relationship among Force, Power, Work and Energy Force, work, energy and power are words used frequently in our everyday lives. What exactly do they mean? To put it simply, force is that which causes an object to move, while work is done when that force causes movement. Energy is the inherent ability of any object to do work, while power is the rate at which that work is done. Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is stored in an object due to virtue of its motion. Potential energy and kinetic energy are the two types of mechanical energy, and the law of conservation of mechanical energy is associated with the conservation of these two energies in a system. Mechanical energy is basically a combination of potential and kinetic energy. Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy According to the law of conservation of mechanical energy, in an isolated system, that is, in the absence of non-conservative forces like friction, the initial total energy of the system equals to the total energy of the system. Simply stated, the total mechanical energy of a system is always constant (in case of absence of non-conservative forces). For instance, if a ball is rolled down a frictionless roller coaster, the initial and final energies remain constant. Conservative forces are those that don't depend on the path taken by an object. For example, gravity, spring and electrical forces are examples of mechanical energy. Conservation of Mechanical Energy Equation The quantitative...
Words: 1964 - Pages: 8
...Wind Power as an Alternative Energy Source Although fossil fuels drive our economy, it is rather expensive and significantly contributes to pollution (Lad 2). A few alternatives include hydroelectricity, solar energy, and wind. Solar and hydroelectric energy are good choices, but can be relatively costly (“Top 5 Misconceptions of Solar Energy” 5), (“Hydro Electricity”). Wind, on the other hand, is free and available in most areas. However, wind power has not been fully utilized in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of wind power in order to bring to light its usefulness as an alternative energy solution. Uses Wind power can be used to generate electricity, charge batteries, grind grain, etc. (Deshmukh 3). Turbines can be used alone or on a wind farm and can also be connected to a utility power grid to sell electricity back to the power company. According to the literature, wind technologies are most useful in the Midwest and along the coast. Pros and Cons Although wind turbines can kill birds and be damaged in severe storms (Deshmukh 11), wind turbines can provide many advantages. For example, wind turbines can harness the power of the wind, producing electricity, charging batteries, etc. Unlike fossil fuels, wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution. In addition, wind can be accessible in nearly all areas. Types There are several types of wind turbines, each having its own set of advantages and disadvantages...
Words: 463 - Pages: 2
...Geothermal Energy a Better Alternative than Coal Power For many years, people have been developing technologies that can improve the quality of life; help save human labor, provide entertainment and make life more comfortable. This technology has led us to depend on different energy-consuming machines like computers, electric motors, televisions, cars, motorcycles etc. because this technology needs energy to function, energy supply is very essential to sustain for the energy-consuming machines that people use. There are renewable and non-renewable sources of energy that are available in the world. Some are fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gases. Geothermal energy and hydrothermal power are also available. In the Philippines, coal power is the most common source of energy. However, this source of power brings about pollution that can cause harm to the environment. With these observations, some sectors and environmental groups propose an alternative source of power which is geothermal energy. This paper aims to compare geothermal energy and coal power in terms of social implications, environmental impacts and feasibility. Furthermore, this paper aims to know geothermal energy and coal power as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Most energy consumers are not aware of a good energy source as long as it can sustain the technology that they use. This study aims to inform the power consumers on which is a better power source. This will also help them understand...
Words: 1885 - Pages: 8
...Should the global super powers lead an effective way in developing renewable energy? Global super powers rely heavily on energy, so therefore they should develop and fund renewable energy sources. Small countries have a smaller need. They do not have as much capital, so they rely on the global superpowers. Renewable energy is the cleanest way to keep earth clean and free of pollution. Global powers have the resource to advance renewable energy quickly. They have professional people, machinery, technology, money know-how, etc. to make things happen. Different countries in different parts of the world use different kinds of renewable energy. Countries can share with other countries what they’ve learned. This is an effective way to increase renewable energy. The population of the world will greatly benefit from renewable energy. People will be healthier and pollution will be greatly decreased. There will be an ongoing supply of power for every facet of life. Renewable energy must be developed because nonrenewable energy is becoming expensive and environmentally damaging to retrieve. Renewable resources are constantly replenished and will never run out. A clean energy revolution is taking place among global super powers. This generates hundreds of billions in economic activity, and is expected to continue to grow rapidly in the coming years. This...
Words: 1787 - Pages: 8
...Solar power as away of providing heat and electrical energy from heat The Sun the heat of the sun is about equivalent to burning a billion trillion tons of coal an hour. Even though only a small fraction of that heat ever reaches the earth it is still more then enough to power the whole world. People seemed to realize the importance of the sun around 30,000 BC. This was when people first started planting crops of wheat. They realized plants did better when planted in the sun over the shade. This caused them to worship the sun as a God. Many cultures built large and extravagant temples to worship the sun in. Other cultures built places to observe the sun in, such as Stonehenge in England. Different Types of Solar Panels There are three main types of solar panels. They are flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, and solar cells. The first kind is a flat plate collector. Flat plate collectors are fastened on the top of the roof of a house. They usually either heat the house or its water. A flat plate collector consists of a black rectangular frame, two or three sheets of glass, and copper plumbing. A flat plat collector uses the greenhouse affect. The sun rays go through the glass but can’t get out through the glass. The sun rays heat the water-filled copper tubes. Then the water is used to heat the home or water. Another type of a solar panel is a focusing collector. They consist of a mirror or mirrors...
Words: 5219 - Pages: 21
...How realistic is it for the UK government to think nuclear power has a role to play in plugging the energy gap? Introduction In recent years there has been much debate about the energy gap in the UK. According to Black (2005) the “energy gap” is the shortfall of fossil oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels, and this phenomenon is due to there is an increase trend for the need of fuels in Britain. However, we must face the phenomenon that fossil fuels will run out in the near future. Due to this energy gap, we need to look for alternative sources of energy, and the UK government wants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so they believe that nuclear power can close the energy gap. However, critics have pointed out the dangers of using nuclear power. This report will examine how realistic the UK government is being in believing that nuclear power can successfully close the energy gap. It will begin with a literature review highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power. Next the key issues will be analysed and discuss. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. Literature Review One of the main arguments in favour of using nuclear power to close the UK energy gap is that are 70 per cent of our low-carbon electricity comes from nuclear energy in UK. (Nuclear Industry Association, 2012) In addition, the Nuclear Industry Association (2012) have showed the nuclear stations reduce 7% to 14% of greenhouse gas emissions in the UK, and...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...interest in nuclear power as a means of providing for the world’s energy needs. Discuss the implications for Australia’s mining industry? Australia is the world’s largest coal exporter and has the second largest deposit of coal in the world. Although the world is currently in the throes of a global financial crisis, Australia’s economy one of the few in the developed world to stay afloat has been buoyed considerably by its exports industry, particularly that of coal. Despite Australia’s promise to reduce carbon emissions by 5% in accordance with its commitment to the Kyoto protocol, the coal industry has been lucky enough to avoid almost all penalties that other industries are set to receive under the proposed carbon emission trading scheme . This combined with Australia continuing to stall further international discussions on combating climate change has earned Australia the reputation of “A nation of climate sinners” . It is obvious that despite a lot of rhetoric on the importance of addressing climate change, the Australian government is not willing to commit to solving the global challenge of climate change to an appreciable degree while such a large part of the Australian economy is at stake. For the Australian government to fully commit to its promises on combating climate change, a way to free the Australian economy of its coal dependence needs to be found. The world is in a new era of energy production where it is no longer a question of which energy technology will prevail...
Words: 1964 - Pages: 8
...In order to reconcile a social agenda with commercial challenges, one would first have to consider the reasons why one would take on this particular social agenda - making available radios that produce their functioning power through a wind-up mechanism, in order to transmit educational lessons to impoverished populations with no electricity. One major business related reason why one would do this is the fact that if you educate a human being so that he or she becomes a productive person in society, that person no longer is a liability, but an asset, to their country, and to the world in general. If that impoverished human being does not know about such things, they still have to eat, be clothed and sheltered, which would require resources, but there is a minimal amount of return for that outlay of resources. But if you educate that person's mind - then that one's potential to produce value increases dramatically. That person could not grow food for herself and others, or make clothes and build houses that would last, to treat diseases and invent things, to manufacture computers and machines, to write books and poetry and songs, to create art and dance, and a myriad of other things. And also importantly, he could teach his children to love to learn, and model that they have value and potential that they could contribute to their communities. Given an understanding and acceptance of this motivation, the legalities of a business that begins in another country and whose target...
Words: 896 - Pages: 4
...Formal Visual Analysis of Yamantaka Vajrabhairava Yamantaka Vajrabhairava is a sculpture of a buffalo-headed figure with multiple heads, hands and legs. Although the creature communicates an energy which may at first seem menacing because of its face and the objects either held in its hands or stomped underfoot, when one includes the image of the peaceful man surmounting him, one will realize that it is using this energy protectively rather than aggressively. Before I prove my argument, I am going to provide a more detailed description of the sculpture. This whole object is standing straight, communicating a sense of majesty at first glance. It is raised on a table with a pedestal, but it is as wide as the arm length of a 10-year-old child and should reach an adult’s chin if resting on the ground. Because it is huge in size, viewers need to go to both of its sides in order to be able to perceive every part of it clearly, but its front is more busier than the back, meaning that it is usually seen from the front. Although covered with a layer of paint in dark blue, red and gold, this sculpture is made of wood because its wood grain is fairly visible. Besides the buffalo face, this figure has six other faces in blue, red, yellow, white, grey and black. At the very top of Yamantaka’s head is the head of a peaceful, amiable man adorned with a crown and beautiful jewelry; the body of this man is not included in this sculpture. Its 34 hands are stretching out and holding a number of...
Words: 1576 - Pages: 7
...Power” by Jeffrey Pfeffer – Key Takeaways General Tips • Like it or not, self-promoters get rewarded • The best way to acquire power is to construct a positive image and reputation, in part by co-opting others to present you as successful and effective. • Learn from all situations and all people, even those I don’t like or respect. • Pay particular attention to the people holding positions I aspire to. • If someone is seen to prosper, there is a social psychological tendency for observers to decide that the lucky person must have done something to deserve his good fortune. He or she becomes a better person simply by virtue of the observed rewards. • Conversely, if something bad happens to someone, the belief in a just world causes the conclusion that the victim must have been a bad person. • Success, however achieved, will promote efforts to find the many positive virtues in those who are successful – thereby justifying their success. • Paying attention to what departments are represented in powerful positions provides an important clue as to where the power lies. Obstacles o Belief that the world is a just place. People want the world to be controllable and predictable, thus they want to believe the world is just, and thus if you behave by the rules you will be all right, or if you fail to follow the rules bad things will happen. Hand-me-down management formulas that reinforce this false belief. o Yourself. Don’t self-handicap. People are afraid of setbacks...
Words: 2193 - Pages: 9
...wireless sensors are becoming an active topic of research. Advances in hardware technology and engineering design have led to dramatic reductions in size, power consumption and cost for digital circuitry, wireless communications and Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). This has enabled very compact, autonomous and mobile nodes, each containing one or more sensors, computation and communication capabilities, and a power supply. The missing ingredient is the networking and applications layers needed to harness this revolutionary capability into a complete system. We review the key elements of the emergent technology of “Smart Dust” and outline the research challenges they present to the mobile networking and systems community, which must provide coherent connectivity to large numbers of mobile network nodes co-located within a small volume. “Smart Dust.” It is certainly within the realm of possibility that future prototypes of Smart Dust could be small enough to remain suspended in air, buoyed by air currents, sensing and communicating for hours or days on end. At least one popular science fiction book has articulated just such a vision [12]. In this paper, we are concerned with the networking and applications challenges presented by this radical new technology. These kinds of networking nodes must consume extremely low power, communicate at bit rates measured in kilobits per second, and potentially need to operate in high volumetric densities. These requirements dictate the need...
Words: 6715 - Pages: 27
...a description of the components and decisions on implementing will be provided for each of the two parts. 3.3.1 Hardware The main components I will need for the evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy are sensor tags which will be deployed as beacons in the test environment and a mobile device which will be used to gather data to be used for positioning algorithms. Both the BLE beacons and Mobile device are described below. 3.3.1.1 Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons Bluetooth Low Energy Technology has been thoroughly studied through the CC2541 SensorTag Development Kit. A study of the key characteristics of the BLE needed to be carried out prior to starting the project Testbed, because it described how the application would work....
Words: 425 - Pages: 2
...Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2012 April 12, 2013 Abstract This guide describes important tuning parameters and settings that you can adjust to improve the performance and energy efficiency of the Windows Server 2012 operating system. It describes each setting and its potential effect to help you make an informed decision about its relevance to your system, workload, and performance goals. The guide is for information technology (IT) professionals and system administrators who need to tune the performance of a server that is running Windows Server 2012. For the most current version of this guide, see Performance Tuning Guidelines for Windows Server 2012. ------------------------------------------------- Disclaimer: This document is provided “as-is”. Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet website references, may change without notice. Some information relates to pre-released product which may be substantially modified before it’s commercially released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here. You bear the risk of using it. ------------------------------------------------- Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred. ------------------------------------------------- This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual...
Words: 50142 - Pages: 201
