...TERRORISM AND THE MILITARY ROLE CRISIS MANAGEMENT Terrorism and the Military’s Role in Domestic Crisis Management Angela Tyler Principles of Management Professor Jones May 3, 2012 TERRORISM AND THE MILITARY ROLE CRISIS MANAGEMENT 1 I am going to discuss a crisis management plan, “Terrorism and the Military’s Role in Domestic Crisis Management”. This crisis management plan will explore how to reviews the current legislation and policies that govern the military’s role when supporting law enforcement in a domestic terrorism crisis and highlights some of the issues confronting the U.S. government. To fully understand the military’s role in domestic crisis response it is necessary to explore existing national level structures and response options prior to the involvement of military forces. (Terrorism and the Military’s Role in Domestic Crisis Management, 2003) Crisis management is predominately a law enforcement function that manages the resources necessary to prevent or resolve a terrorist incident. Current U.S. government terrorism response policy is contained in presidential directives. Among other matters, these directives address National Security Council structure and federal agency crisis response roles when responding to a domestic terrorism incident. (Terrorism and the Military’s Role in Domestic Crisis Management, 2003, CRS6, para 3, line 7). National Security Council (NSC), U.S. agency...
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...wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-terrorism Counter-terrorism (also spelled counterterrorism) is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed. The tactic of terrorism is available to insurgents and governments. Not all insurgents use terror as a tactic, and some choose not to use it because other tactics work better for them in a particular context. Individuals, such as Timothy McVeigh, may also engage in terrorist acts such as the Oklahoma City bombing. If the terrorism is part of a broader insurgency, counter-terrorism may also form a part of a counter-insurgency doctrine, but political, economic, and other measures may focus more on the insurgency than the specific acts of terror. Foreign internal defense (FID) is a term used by several countries[citation needed] for programs either to suppress insurgency, or reduce the conditions under which insurgency could develop. Counter-terrorism includes both the detection of potential acts and the response to related events. Anti-terrorism versus counter-terrorism Further information: Detentions following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack The concept of anti-terrorism emerges from a thorough examining of the concept of terrorism as well as an attempt to understand and articulate what constitutes terrorism in Western terms. In military contexts, terrorism is a tactic, not an ideology...
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... TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM COURSE CODE : SECU. 715 COURSE TITLE: TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM SUPERVISOR : MADAM LOUISE MACHARIA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 16TH NOVEMBER, 2014 ACRONYMS CJM – Criminal Justice Model WM – War Model ECJM – Expanded Criminal Justice Model MACP – Military Aid to Civilian Power SIGNT – Signal acquired Intelligence HUMINT – Human acquired Intelligence ELINT - Electronic Communications Intelligence 1.0 INTRODUCTION Terrorists commit acts of great atrocity and inhumanity, and many affected by such acts may be tempted to take “an eye for an eye” approach, but it is important that any response or emergency powers follow democratic principles. By retaliating harshly, the state runs the risk not only of looking like an oppressive bullying regime but also of alienating the public, thus perhaps causing sympathy for the terrorists and making it harder for the state to refuse their demands. The counterterrorist approach/capability needs to have a preventive (before), responsive (during), and “post” or “after” approach to deal with incidents and eventualities afterward. If conflict prevention and deterrence fails, then there must be an effective law-enforcement, military, and emergency/ contingency services combination to react to events and a strong accountable and clear criminal justice system to punish perpetrators fairly afterward. 2.0 MODELS FOR A COUNTERTERRORISM RESPONSE In combatting...
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...SECURITY RESEARCH PAPER A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM Piers Hutt piershutt@hotmail.com 1 March 2015 A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM ABSTRACT Purpose: To critically examine the threat of modern terrorism to Western society. Design/methodology: An assessment was made of publically available documentation. The paper is then divided into a number of sections. It initially deals with the difficulties of defining terrorism, followed by its symbiotic relationship with the media. The next section looks at the modern Islamic Fundamentalist threat and the primarily neocon response since 9/11. Whilst the US has withdrawn combat forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, a bipartisan approach has been maintained to counterterrorism. The dangers of such an approach are examined along with emerging threats. Table of Contents * Abstract * Introduction * Define * Role of the Media * Psychology * Modern Terrorism * The Response * Counterview – The Dangers * Looking Ahead – The Next Potential Threats * Another Approach * Conclusion INTRODUCTION “Terrorism has become part of our daily news diet. Hardly a day goes by without news of an assassination, political kidnapping, hijacking or bombing somewhere in the world. As such, incidents of terrorism have increased in the past decade, the phenomenon of terrorism has become one of increasing concern to governments....” Introduction. With the recent high profile terrorist attacks in Sydney...
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...Douglas Fung Mr. Braganca HRE-4M1 Saturday, March 9th, 2013 CPT Part A Annotated Bibliography Topic: #30. Ethical Response to Terrorism Essay Question / Thesis: According to the American Heritage Dictionary, terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons. Has global terrorism escalated to an extent so that the ethical response to extremism is no longer a viable alternative; forcing global intervention and the active use of extreme measures in the name of peace keeping? Annotated Bibliography: Source #1: Cook, Martin L., Dr. “Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare.” Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare. Santa Clara University, Sept. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2013. <http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/cook.html> The author of this essay, Dr. Martin L. Cook, is an Elihu Root Professor of Military Science and a Professor of Ethics under the Department of Command, Leadership and Management at the U.S. Army War College. Under the guidance of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army, Cook was asked to prepare this paper. Prior to his current position, Cook engaged his professional expertise at the Santa Clara University and taught under in the Department of Religious Studies. Cook’s paper first states that as...
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...Terrorism has deep historical roots as a threat to peaceful existence of nations and common citizens. Terrorism, as opposed to other forms of violence, is the system¬atically applied threat or use of illegitimate force with the designed intent of achieving a goal by means of such a method as coercion. It is violence used as a policy; it is fear or terror engendered on an organized basis. Terrorism is defined as (1) “intended to inflict death or seriously bodily harm upon civilians or other persons (presumably military personnel) not taking part in hostilities and (2) its purpose is to intimidate a population or persuade a government or international organization to adopt a certain policy” (Weiss, 2002, p.25). Terrorism has many applications, including purely criminal purposes; it is politically motivated terrorism, however, which is of major concern in the modem context. Motivational basis, therefore, is examined first in assessing the nature of the threat presented by the phenomenon of terrorism. Included within the context is brief reference to the contemporary historical development of terrorist activity, because in many cases the two aspects are rooted together. Following Oliverio, “The process by which the definition of terrorism is shaped and enforced involves a theoretical approach that recognizes “terrorism" as a historically and contextually produced discourse, and understood in contemporary U.S. society is the by-product of an androcentric discourse in which relationsod...
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...Property from Terrorists Terrorism is real and is increasing in frequency. Terrorist incidents are designed to cause as much damage as possible, and to cause as much injury as possible and death. In the world today, emergency responders and the people who help them encounter more advanced challenges that risk not only their lives but the public’s lives as well. The risks that emergency responders encounter in the world today puts them at a higher level of danger, because they may...
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...Explain why the term ‘terrorism’ is controversial and contested. (15) Terrorism refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately to inspire dear, for purposes such as drawing attention to a grievance, provoking a severe response or wearing down of their opponents moral resolve. Examples of such high priority methods of terrorism include plane hijacking (e.g. 9/11) and hostage taking. With the use of the media, there is now greater global awareness of extremist, terrorist groups; it is the high priority means of creating terror that cause a group to receive attention. Non-state actors, furthermore, generally carry out terrorism. The term itself carries a heavy weight by the way it can be used; to accuse a group as being terrorists immediately delegitimize their motives, thereby upholding the existing system of power at a national or global level. ‘Terrorism’ is a controversial term simply by how one determines whether one is a terrorist or not. Terrorism is used politically in order to highlight a group’s actions as being immoral and illegitimate. The controversy lies within how we differentiate between one man’s freedom fighter and another’s terrorism. Similarly the term ‘terrorism’ has become to commonly used which creates uncertainty of what really is terrorism, for example the Boston marathon bombings. Many argued that the marathon bombings were an act of terrorism, whereas Obama refused to describe it as an act of terror. Thus one...
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...STRATEGIES OF PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING GLOBAL TERRORISM Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Date of Submission Terrorism is described as the violent and inhuman acts that get perpetuated for political, ideological, and religious goals with the aim of creating fear among the neutral military personnel. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), it entails the unlawful application of force to property or persons purposely to coerce the society or government in furtherance of social or political objectives. Terrorism is an old phenomenon that is emotive and complex given that such acts invoke tremendous feelings. Throughout human history, those opposed to the ruling governments or leadership have applied violence to express their views. This has been in existence as early as the 18th century during the French Revolution. However, it was not until the 9/11 attack that the world joined hands in the fight against global terrorisms. Some of the prevention and control measures that have been proposed include the deployment of military forces to counter terrorists, use of international peace and security conventions, and negotiations. Periodically, the application of violence and force against terrorists is one of the strategies that have proved effective in countering global terror networks. The force-for-force strategy entails deploying military personnel to fight against terrorists. The United States applied this approach in handling the Taliban...
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...on terror. Australian security policy has been further developed following the international response after the events of September 11, 2001. The implementation of anti-terror laws provided Australian Security Agencies with extra powers need to investigate and detain those who threaten Australia, its people or interests. These Security Agencies experienced substantial budget increases to further develop capabilities in the fight against terrorism. Regional stability throughout South East Asia provides a challenge for Australian foreign security policy. Australia’s geographical proximity to Southeast means Australia has an invested interest in maintaining stability through strong ties with states such as Indonesia. This essay will critically state how the US and South East Asia have shaped Australian security with an international response against terrorism. Over the past 60 years Australia and the US have formed an alliance to combat those who pose threat to global security. The alliance was constitutionally formalized in 1951 with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty (US Department of State, 2011). The signing of the treaty binds Australia and the United States to consult on mutual threats and act upon common dangers. The agreement was drawn into effect for the first time with a global response against the terrorist actions of September 11. Australia and the US have shared military and intelligence capabilities with the invasion into Afghanistan and Iraq (Department of Foreign...
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...Involvement in Terrorism Ryan D. Fischer Centennial High School Abstract In the latter parts of December 2011, the United States legislature passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as a means of dictating the specific authorities and funding methods for the current fiscal year. Sections 1021 and 1022 of the act serve to further government authority with regard to the detaining and subsequent trial of those suspected of terrorism or related activities. While the aforementioned sections have not yet been abused at the hands of the state and are, in fact, largely effective in their ends, it stands a gross overstepping of government authority and disrupts the delicate balance between civil liberties and national security. Sections 1021 and 1022 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 should thus be writ null and void so as to best preserve the freedoms and rights granted to each person, domestic or foreign. Policy Identification The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (HR 1540) Title X Subsection D Sections 1021 and 1022 serves “to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2012 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes…[specifically with regard to the detention of persons suspected of terrorism],” (112th...
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...Kate Martin director of Center for National Security Studies in Washington D.C. conveys a disturbing speech to the Conference on Terrorism, Law, and Democracy regarding serious threat to civil liberty. This speech addresses the offense of the adoption to preventative detention resulting in the secret imprisonment of Arabs and Muslims where there has been no evidence following that they are terrorists. Martin argues that such arrests are unethical in a democratic society. If the government were to implement targeted investigations that focused on actual terrorists activity, but respected the political and religious activity of citizens and non- citizens, it would result in a much more effective approach versus hundreds of secret arrests. Martin begins her speech by pointing out an observation she has made after the post 9/11 attacks. She notes that since September 11 there has been an enormous shift in the eyes of Washington D.C. It has now been made possible that nuclear devices could be set off in any American city bringing up the question and difficult responses of not knowing how to take action. If this event did occur the Bill of Rights could possibly be suspended. The argument could then be made that suspending the Bill of Rights would be an inappropriate and ineffective response to the event. There is now a huge responsibility on the United States government to prevent the terrorists attacks. Unfortunately, the United States is in a predicament...
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...Bush's Fight Against Terrorism in Response to September 11, 2001 President George W. Bush marked the six-month anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks with a plaintive appeal for the world's nations to keep an unflagging commitment to the fight against terrorism. With flags of many world nations at his back on an enormous stage, Bush said the global coalition must not weaken in the face of terrorists who are brazen enough to try attacks similar to those carried out in New York and Washington last fall. ``Against such an enemy, there is no immunity, and there can be no neutrality,'' Bush said. ``September the 11th was not the beginning of global terror, but it was the beginning of the world's concerted response. History will know that day not only as a day of tragedy, but as a day of decision when the civilized world was stirred to anger and to action. And the terrorists will remember September the 11th as the day their recokoning began.'' Bush spoke to members of Congress, top administration officials and relatives of some 300 victims who were there to commemorate the day six months ago that New York's World Trade Center, and the Pentagon just outside Washington, were attacked. Also present were more than 100 ambassadors, some of whom publicly restated solidarity with Bush's fight against terrorism. Jibril Aminu, Nigerian ambassador to the United States, told Bush, ``Even as you are doing what has to be done on the war front, ... it is reassuring that...
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...The social aspect of terrorism goes very deep for the terrorist especially those in the middle-eastern countries. The social view addresses the in-group/out-group bias as well as the fundamental attribution error. The in-group/out-group bias refers to the tendency for individuals to identify themselves as a particular group, placing all others in opposing groups. In the case of terrorism, a trained terrorist may think they are good and righteous, but all others (including those that do not practice their cultural norms or religious expectations) are among the out-group. By defining themselves as an in -groups, it makes it easier for an individual to act out against those they consider a out-group member. The creations of in and out groups are fabricated at a young age. In the case of countries known for frequent acts of terrorism, their society teaches their inhabitants to hate out-groups, defining them as targets of destruction. Taylor & Horgan (2006) describe this phenomenon as “the incremental process through which youngsters become committed insiders of counter-culture youth groups” (p. 581). To be more basic in explanation, societal pressure and norms create terrorists. The old adage, “it takes a village to raise a child,” is true when it comes to making a terrorist. The social attitude of that community becomes a part of who ever lives in that area and therefore, sets the way they think. Another perspective is the view of Behaviorism. The Behavioral view...
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...Terrorism of 21st Century Sabeena Singh DeVry University April 20, 2014 "Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices: secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, and -- huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong." George W. Bush Addressing the Nation on September 11, 2001. (Intellectual Takeout , 2014) During the 1990s, the end of the cold war led to an entirely new global security environment, marked by a focus on internal rather than inter-state wars. In the early 21st century, new global threats emerged. The attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States clearly demonstrated the challenge of international terrorism, while subsequent events heightened concern about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the dangers from other non-conventional weapons. The organizations of the UN system mobilized immediately in their respective spheres to step up action...
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