...Behavioral Models of Personality Critique Draya Ashlee Ashford University Abstract This paper explores my knowledge and opinions on the Behavioral Models of Personality (BMP). This article will show the various theories of BMP present Behavioral Models of Personality Critique Personality is the combination of characteristics and qualities that mix together to form an individuals very distinctive character. The ability to have an perfectly untainted personality may be unheard of, and for many may sound ridiculous. Different models of personality help us to categorize the different aspects of one’s personality, how a personality problem can be recognized, and how to effectively treat an personality illness. I will critique the behavioral model of personality by looking at the theories present , the major contributors to the field, the different methods of inquiry , along with the strengths and weakness of the model , and how possible future research may be done to further elucidate the role of this model in understanding personality. The behavioral model of personality closely focuses on the “emphasis on studying what is observable challenged psychology and` personality researchers to meet higher empirical standards.” (Magnavita, J.J. 2012). Such observable events that occur inside of the human mind, which are acted outside of the human mind , better known as our actions. It is usually based on inductive thinking...
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...research consisted of the critique of 3 articles. Within my paper, I will summarize, critique, and capture implications of the articles. The first article is Assessing Personality in the DSM-5: The Utility of Bipolar Constructs. The second is Predicting the Behavior of Offenders with Personality Disorder: Issues for Investigative Psychology. The last article is Interactions between Bipolar Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder in Trait Impulsivity and Severity of Illness. All articles have something to do with personality disorders. The article Assessing Personality in the DSM-5: The utility of Bipolar Constructs was written by Douglas B. Samuel. The 8 page article was published by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This article was about the DSM-5 labeling the personality disorders as categorical constructs. Most of the categorical labels can provide relatively straightforward and rapid communication about a person. These types of categories will lead to more stimulating research and generate specific treatment recommendations. There are some disadvantages to the categorical approach including the excessive diagnostic co occurrence, inadequate coverage, excessive heterogeneity within the categories, lack of meaningful or well-validated boundary between normal and disordered personality, and dissatisfaction among the clinicians who use it. The article researched the benefits of a unipolar model. They pointed out one hazard of the unipolar model if the failure to appreciate...
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...Practical Critique Workplace deviance/counterproductive workplace behaviour/justice perceptions/goldbricking/cyberfloating Motivation Job Satisfaction Organisational Citizenship Group cohesion and high performance work teams Motivation: A study of sales representatives conducted by Barrick, Stewart and Piotrowski, 2002 has defined two unique aspects of motivation: status striving and accomplishment striving, recording positive correlations with extraversion and conscientiousness variables respectively. Both subsets of motivation directly affect sales performance although the data implies that the accomplishment striving factor results in improved performance only indirectly, accompanied by a status striving variable. The study has been criticised for its sole reliance on participants drawn from sales representatives. Such a narrow band of individuals may be expected to show extraverted behaviour given the arguable necessity of such behaviour in ensuring success. Recruitment of sales representatives is dominated by a focus on selecting extraverted individuals and as such, the generality of the study regarding a correlation between the FFM and job performance is questionable. Job satisfaction: Workplace Deviance and counterproductive workplace behaviour (include in this Buckner’s excessive use of technology study): Organisational commitment: Organisational citizenship: Sean P. Neubert’s study, “The Five-Factor Model of Personality in the Workplace” posited...
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...Introduction This paper is a critique of two peer-reviewed journals entitled “Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement” and “Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust”. Summary of journals The first study hypothesises that employees with a proactive personality would craft their own jobs to stay engaged and perform well. The research is important because there is little focus on the employee given the current economic climate where organisations are focussed on survival. This means that managers are not always available for feedback and the onus is on employees to be proactive to optimise their own work environment. The proactive personality model (Bakker, 2011) and the Job Demands-Resources model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2008) underpin the research. The findings show that proactive personality is positively related to job crafting which is a significant predictor of work engagement. The second study aims to analyse the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in team and supervisor, job satisfaction and team performance given the lack of research in the differentiation between individual and team leadership. The direct consensus model (Chan, 1998) underpins the research. The findings indicate a significant relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction at the individual and team levels. The findings also indicate that team...
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...LASA 2: Exploring Personality Theories Part I: Apply the personality theories to your personal life experience by answering the following questions. (Each paragraph below should be 200 – 400 words.) 1. The Five Factor Model of Personality: Explain where you fall on each of the FIVE dimensions or traits in this theory. Discuss whether you feel you were “born with” this trait or if you feel this trait developed through experiences in your environment (such as family experiences or other learning experiences). Based on your experience, explain whether personality traits are primarily biological (innate) or environmental (learned) (Nature vs. Nurture). (1 paragraph) Openness to Experience- This trait includes appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects a person's degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity, and preference for novelty and variety. It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent; it describes a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine. Those who score high in openness to experience prefer novelty, while those who score low prefer routine. This is biological to me because I grew up being told that I always needed to be unique but also open to suggestion. I needed to have an open imagination and never depends on anyone. Conscientiousness- Self-discipline, dutifulness, competence, thoughtfulness, and achievement-striving...
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...Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Personality and individual differences are crucial element in both human and animal development. The personality traits are therefore a rage of differences that arise between individuals and emanate in form of thoughts feelings and behavior hence differentiating one individual from another. Human beings are different from one another not only in their physical appearance but also in there behavior. Take for instance, two identical twins may respond to the same stimulus quite differently even though all aspects of their appearance seem to be similar. Oliver (2008) illustrates that there is much evidence that the behavioral (psychological) development is shaped by multiple factors which ranges from biological, familial and cultural. The underlying perspective is that all behaviors are learnt through the interaction with the environment .For instance a newly born child is believed to be completely black and his/her characters are developed as a result interaction with the environment .This learning theory differs with the common perspective that all human beings are born with personality characters. Oliver (2008) goes further to explain that parents have a crucial role to ensure that there kids glow up with the kind of character traits they want or admire. He believes that children have always depend on the resources there parents provide making parents a unique influence on all aspect of children development. This always...
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...Allison Margolis Authors and Genres Professor Griffith 3/13/2013 Critiques of Society Through Technology in THX 1138 and Blade Runner The threat of overdeveloping technology has been portrayed in film throughout time as a negative influence on society. As shown in THX 1138 and Blade Runner, made by George Lucas and Ridley Scott respectively, society is overturned by the use of technology and these films can therefore be seen as a warning against the cultural changes to come. The dystopic societies shown in THX 1138 and Blade Runner are the direct result of the technological development of society, therefore each film proves to be a critique of what is to come if these technologies become overdeveloped. In both THX 1138 and Blade Runner, the cities created by Lucas and Scott respectively appear as central characters that further the plot. The city created in Blade Runner helps to display the hierarchies within the society and who controls whom. In the year 2019, Los Angeles is an acid-rain drizzling space crowded with punk gangs, physically disabled and many Hispanic and Asian people (Galagher 170). The streets are populated yet deserted, those who live there are those left behind and unable, physically and financially, to escape to the new colonies in space (Tiltsman 32). Therefore, these people that remain in the city are either of poorer-class or of upper class that have established themselves through their residences or commercial corporations. This is shown by those...
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...their analysts derived from their childhood attachments. Freud’s work with Psychoanalysis helped him further develop other theories or explanations for the way humans are the way they are including his redefinition of sexuality which formulated the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of the psychoanalytical theory. Freud focused his work mostly on the mind and received many critiques and criticism of his accomplishments. Psychoanalysis emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior and the main idea that eventually evolved from the development of psychoanalysis is that neurotic symptoms are the result of conflicts within the patient. Neurotic symptoms for example could be phobias, obsessions or compulsions. In Freud’s study of psychoanalysis, he also determined that the mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego and the superego. The id is the part of the personality of an individual that wants what it wants now and is the seat of natural, primitive instincts such as aggressive and sexual desires. The ego is the more reasonable and rather more developed section of the personality. With the ego, the mind is able to attain reality and understand reason and logic with the...
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...Functionalism Functionalists stress the positive aspect of the family. In particular they focus on the roles of one family type in particular which is the nuclear family. When talking about functionalist there are two main people you need to consider: * Murdoch * Parsons Murdoch: Parsons: Criticizing functionalists: Recap Questions: * Name the two functionalists? - - * What four functions did Murdoch discover to perform in every society? - - - - * What is primary socialization? * What is adult personality stabilization? * What do feminists think about functionalism? * What do Marxism’s think about the family? * What does Morgan (1975) think about both Marxist and functionalist approaches? ----------------------- Murdoch claimed the family was a universal institution. He studied 250 societies and found the family in all of them in some form or shape and it performs the same functions: * Sexual: in most societies there are rules forbidding sexual relationships outside the marriage. Without such rules, conflict may arise. * Economic: in many societies the family is a unit of consumption * Reproduction: the family is the main unit for reproduction * Educational: the family is mainly responsible for primary socialization Murdoch cannot imagine a substitute for the family and believes it benefits both individuals...
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...about their jobs | Two aspects of satisfaction | Facet & overall | Compensation belongs to which aspect of satisfaction. | Facet | Definition of motivation | the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal | Give 3 examples of what predicts job satisfaction. | Personality, discrepancy, fairness. | List 3 examples that job satisfaction predicts. | Absenteeism, turnover intentions, customer satisfaction. | list 3 examples of external motivation. | pay, benefits bonuses, promotion | list 3 examples of internal motivation | challenge skills, sheer interest, accomplishment | Terminology/ Question | Definition/ Answer | Need for affiliation | A strong desire to establish and maintain friendly, compatible interpersonal relationships | Need for power | A strong desire to influence others, making a significant impact or impression | Skill variety | The opportunity to do a variety of job activities using various skills and talents | Task identity | The extent to which a job involves doing a complete piece of work, from beginning to end. | Task significance | The impact that a job has on other people | Autonomy (in job characteristic model) | The freedom to schedule one’s own work activities and decide work procedures. | Job feedback | Information about the effectiveness of one’s work performance. | List three psychological states of employees that job characteristics will affect | * Knowledge of results * Meaningfulness...
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...relationships are one of the ways leadership behavior evolves and is defined. The two most common leadership roles are the charismatic role and the instrumental role. The charismatic role empasises vision, inspires a sense of pride, and encourages respect between the leader and follower. The charismatic role is a transformational leadership model. Envolving the expanding the followers interests and facilitating followers to perform for the overall good of everyone. (Schermerhorn, 2012). Instrumental leaders show a propensity to develop strategy and set procuedures in motion. In addition, the instrumental leader uses all means available to the achievement of organizational goals. While science has shown that most successful leaders have both charisma and instrumental tendencies, these traits alone are not enough to become an effective leader. Reasearch literature has been full of information regarding the qualities of different leadership traits and how they influence change within an organization. It is important to note that, it would be irresponsible not to address how leaders develop mastery of the leadership skill set (Sahgal, 2007). Personality Traits and Genetics Some leadership traits are innate. According to the University College London, there are genetic differnces associated with people who are successful leaders. The article discussed a study published online in Leadership Quarterly, claiming that a specific DNA sequence was found in people who held leadership positions...
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...Theory Critique: Crabb and Hawkins Liberty University David Paul Young Counseling 507 Dr. Diane Powell Dr. Hawkins and Dr. Crabb offer counseling theory models with the purpose of pursuing Christlikeness. Before and above all else this foundational linchpin flows into their models of comprehensive counseling theory. Dr. Hawkins emphasizes several critical elements that must be established at a minimum. There first must be a “delineation of personality structure”, (Hawkins, n.d.) answering questions regarding individual personality such as the motivation for certain behaviors and choices. What and how much influence is derived from the conscious and preconscious mind? What else is influencing behavioral choices? Further, the question of human development needs to be addressed. There are many differences in how individuals develop which begs the questions; does personality change.-if so how and why? This leads into examination of health and illness. What is a healthy individual, what do they look like, act like, speak like, how do they feel inside? Conversely, what constitutes illness and how can it be cured? And what good is a comprehensive counseling theory if it is cannot demonstrate its effectiveness and stand up to scrutiny? Is there research to back it up? Or, is the entire concept based on antidotal evidence, conjecture and innuendo. Phycology and secular science can claim as such and perhaps it is true. But when the theory is derived and practiced from a...
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...Psychology University of Phoenix Dispositional, Biological, and Evolutionary Psychology Personality theory has come a long way since its beginning in psychology. Many theorists have based their work on theorists before them, but made changes that indicate that the characteristics of the individual affects the ideas behind their work (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2013). Comparing dispositional, biological, and evolutionary theories indicates the similarities and differences between the theories; as well as their strengths and weaknesses. The use of these theories has led to research and tests, such as the big five test, that help indicate personality characteristics of individuals (Feist, et al. 2013). Comparison Dispositional personality theory identifies types and traits of characteristics to help determine personality (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2010). It then attributes behavior to these characteristics (Westmont.edu, 2002). Many previous theorists had looked at subconscious thoughts as motivation for human personality and behavior. Dispositional theory does not dismiss the sub-conscious, but focuses on the individual and conscious thought as the center of personality (Westmont.edu, 2002). It centers on humans having free will to determine their future (Fesit et al, 2013). Biological psychology theories are based on what many others theorists denied, that is, that personality and behavior are affected by biology (Feist, Fesit, & Roberts, 2013). Biological aspects...
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...Psychology Definition Alesandra Leiman PSY/360 February 3, 2014 Dr. Dione Johnson-Williams Definition The dominant aspects of cognitive theory involve the interaction between mental components and the information that is processed through this complex network (Neisser, 1967). As individuals learn, they activity create cognitive structures which determine their concepts of self and the environment (McEntire, 1992). Interestingly, the specific process of learning is not the primary area of concern in cognitive research; instead, learning is viewed as only one of the many processes comprised by the human mind (Anderson, 1980). Some approaches deal with detailed analyses of information-processing skills, while others focus on mental models or cognitive growth and development (Mayer, 1981). Milestones in the Development of Cognitive Science Much of the history of this formulation has been told by Gardner (1985), though his chapter on psychology contains comparatively little on the recent contributions of psychology to cognitive science, focusing mainly on historical theories of perception and cognition, such as those of Wundt and the Gestaltists. The theoretical center piece of traditional cognitive science is the computer analogy, or, more accurately, the assertion that animal and human psychology occurs through computational processes in organisms involving physical symbol systems (Fodor, 1975; Newell, 1980). According to Anderson (1980), cognitive psychology first...
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...Running head: FAMILY VIOLENCE Family Violence and the Application of the Situational/Stress Theory Family Violence There has recently been an increased awareness that crimes of violence are not only perpetrated by strangers in public places rather instead research has uncovered a large amount of violent criminal behavior that occurs between intimates in private locations, such as the home (The Canadian Encyclopedia). These crimes have been underreported because of concerns about privacy, because of fear of retribution or because of concerns about maintaining the integrity of family relations. Family Violence is seen in many forms. “It is the baby who is battered, the child who is sexually assaulted, the woman who is punched and kicked by her husband, the elderly man who is attacked and exploited by his children (Ward, 2006).” One of the most common forms of family violence in Canada today appears to be Intimate partner violence. Overall, 7% of Canadians 15 years of age and older either in a current or previous marital or common-law union in 2004 experienced spousal violence in the past 5 years (Statistics Canada, 2004). This victimization of women is compounded by difficulties that they face in getting out of these abusive relationships. Women are often constrained by lack of employment, the responsibility for children and the fear of social disapproval from family and friends for not being...
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