...from his or her own background plus any appropriate comments. The major points of this chapter (which could be covered in an instructor’s introduction of the chapter) are as follows: 1. Occupations, including counseling, develop because there is a need. 2. The need for such personal assistance - advice, guidance, counseling - has existed, and in various ways been attended to, over the ages. 3. Many of the well-known historical figures (e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Charlemagne, Rousseau, and Thomas Jefferson) have expressed “counseling” points of view. 4. Psychology emerged as a field of study and psychiatry as a specialized branch of medicine in the late 1800s. 5. The development of programs of guidance and counseling in American education began in the years just prior to World War I. Frank Parsons is usually credited with much of the success of its early beginnings. 6. Parsons considered three factors necessary for the wise choice of a vocation. They were: (a) a clear understanding of self; (b) a knowledge of the requirements and conditions for success, compensation, and opportunities in different careers; and (b) true reasoning on the relationships between (a) and (b). 7. Other influences on the development of the counseling movement were: a. the development of standardized tests appropriate for assessment of intelligence and other characteristics of youth. b. the renewed interest in mental health as a result of Clifford...
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...Homeless Veterans in America Name Institution Part 1 Statistics show that there are between 130,000 and 200,000 homeless veterans in America. Homeless veterans amount to about one-fourth and one-fifth of the entire homeless population in America. Homeless veterans are a population of Americans who have at one time or the other served their country in war. An estimated 131,000 veterans spend a night homeless, and this population doubles if one considers the population of homeless veterans over the course of the year. An approximate of 40% homeless men are veterans that are a significant considering 34% of the general adult male population is composed of veterans. Besides being homeless, this population faces other problems which include; social, economic, and psychological problems (Alker, 2009). Homeless veterans are more likely to suffer addiction as compared to the general population. According to Alker (2009), 76% of homeless veterans are alcohol or drug addicts. Because of the painful memories and the new reality of homelessness that dawn on them they turn to alcohol and drugs. Coupled with all the problems these homeless veterans experience social problems such as isolation. For this reason, they have no one to share their pains with and, therefore, they rarely receive help for treatable conditions such as addiction (Center for American Progress, 2008). Economic stressors are a root cause of homelessness for American veterans. The skills acquired from their military...
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...GUIDELINES FOR WRITING THE REPORT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES Revised February 2013 Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland 21532-1099 http://www.frostburg.edu/dept/psyc/graduate/intern.htm (click on Guidelines for Writing the Internship Activities Report) Guidelines For Writing the Report of Internship Activities 2 Table of Contents What You Should Know Before You Start Your Paper…………………………………………… (including what is done with your paper, how to submit your final paper AND who needs to read your paper before it is finalized) 3 Sample Title Page………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Sample Internship Paper Release Form……………………………………………………………. 5 Sample Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………. 6 Summary of Internship Experiences………………………………………………………………. 7 Case Summaries…………………………………………………….…………………………....... 7 Self-Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………...... 8 Evaluation of the M.S. in Counseling Psychology Program………………………………………. 8 Case Summary Format………………………………………………………………………….…. 8 Guidelines For Writing the Report of Internship Activities 3 WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE YOU START YOUR PAPER Over the years the Guidelines for Writing the Report of Internship Activities has changed, thus you need to be careful to follow the format in THIS CURRENT GUIDELINE instead of relying on the format of previous students’ final papers. The aim of your...
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...pastoral counselling and its impact on the church, the home and wider society. For the purpose of this paper the proposed questions will be keenly examine so as to justly establish whether or not pastoral counselling is of any necessity in today’s society. A definition of the term ‘Pastoral Counselling’ is what be the first stride in looking at this intriguing argument. Pastoral counseling is a form of psychological counseling which incorporates spirituality into therapeutic treatment. The goal of this type of psychotherapy is to address a variety of underlying psychological needs from a faith-based perspective. As one observe this definition it is clear that pastoral counselling seeks to merge psychology and theology to aid in the counselling process. This merger might even be one factor why many Christians, theologians and spiritual individuals might be in objection of pastoral counselling and thus might be tempted to disregard the importance of pastoral counselling in today’s society William Krwan in his book confirms this concern when he purports that The relationship between psychology and theology has...
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...Hus 2302 A resistant client is a patient of professional psychological counseling who present a defiant or unwilling attitude in response to therapeutic assistance. A client may avoid counseling attempts for various reasons including a fear of intimacy or revelation, an unwillingness to face personal truths, a lack of interest in counseling. The ambivalence of reluctant clients to engage in the helping relationship can negatively affect the counseling, the need to block anxiety inducing awareness from the conscious mind. A tendency toward self destruction or low self-esteem. Other clients may be reluctant because of past experiences with counselors and agencies. These experiences may have been positive, and now the client is hesitant about starting over, negative, or even damaging. Perhaps too little resistance may be indicative of lack of progress. Handle issues of resistance systematically for the client’s own well-being process and outcome. The first step for the helper is to explore the reason for reluctance. Many people from different groups have an ingrained self-protective mistrust of white-controlled institution. Reluctance may also emanate from shame, embarrassment, or fear of exposure of secrets such as substance abuse or physical abuse. Many people fear the counselor’s indirect or direct judgment. For example a gay or lesbian couple may be uncomfortable sharing with a heterosexual helper their concerns about having a child together. Some people may be reluctant...
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...GUIDELINES FOR WRITING THE REPORT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES Revised October 2009 Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland 21532-1099 http://www.frostburg.edu/dept/psyc/graduate/intern.htm (click on Guidelines for Writing the Internship Activities Report) Guidelines For Writing the Report of Internship Activities 2 Table of Contents What You Should Know Before You Start Your Paper…………………………………………… (including what is done with your paper, how to submit your final paper AND who needs to read your paper before it is finalized) Sample Title Page………………………………………………………………………………….. Sample Internship Paper Release Form……………………………………………………………. Sample Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………. Summary of Internship Experiences………………………………………………………………. Case Summaries…………………………………………………….…………………………....... Self-Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………...... Evaluation of the M.S. in Counseling Psychology Program………………………………………. Individual Case Summary Format…………………………………………………………………. Family Case Summary Format…………………………………………………………………….. Group Case Summary Format………………………………………………….………………….. Group Case Summary (Process)………………….………………………………………... Group Case Summary (Psycho-educational)……………………….………………............ Group Case Summary (Support/Self-Help Group)………………………………………… Couples Case Summary Format……………………………………………………........................ 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 12 13 13 14 15 16 Guidelines For Writing the Report...
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...Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Jennifer P Coetzee PCN-505 May 18, 2016 Kendra Stewart Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Section 1: Counselor Values There are so many different views in opinions when it comes to the topic of abortion. There is the religious point that it is wrong to have an abortion because of the ten commandment that states “Thou shall not kill.” All have heard this one whether atheist or religious. People’s right to choose abortion or not has been questioned for many years, as congress officials have tried on many occasions to illegalize this right. Then there is the other side of this opinion where so many feel it is the woman’s right to choose to have an abortion. A lot of people see this as a form of birth control. It is a woman’s choice to have an abortion completed, she may have goals in her life that pregnancy would prevent her from achieving these goals. Abortion: The Choice. (2010). New York, N.Y.: Films Media Group, [2008]. In my personal opinion, I would not advise abortion because I am someone who had an abortion before. My values were so against abortion for so many years, then I was in a situation where I chose abortion so I cannot advise someone else to have an abortion. I would have wanted someone to tell me what they went through after having an abortion. For me, it was coming out of a very bad marriage and finding out I was pregnant. I already had two children to support and had high risk pregnancies both times. I was worried...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Reflection on counseling 1 Reflection on counseling session recording Chua Ci Jie Introduction to Counselling James Cook University, Singapore Reflection on counseling Reflection on counseling Counseling is interpreted as a therapeutic practice of utilizing dialogue to assist clients in better understand and coping with their individual problems or health issues (Counseling, 2003). The individuality of the counselor has been extensively regarded as a vital tool in the provision of productive counselling sessions (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013) and has commonly introduced as “self as instrument” (Baldwin, 2000; McWilliams, 2004 as cited in Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013). Therefore, the therapist’s application of self as instrument 2 affirm on the need for the counselor to have a satisfactory measure of self-awareness (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester & Collins, 2013). This essay attempts to enhance my individual self-awareness through reflecting on the counselling session, including the micro skills attempted as well as my strengths and weaknesses in conjunction with the micro skills. Biases and personal values are also identified. Counseling Session Opening I focused on trust building and goal setting in the opening section of counseling session to better facilitate the later session. Mutual trust between both the client and therapist is identified to be one of the significant elements to increase the effectiveness of the session...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...The American Counseling Association (ACA) has officially approved the multicultural competencies and has put much more emphasis on these competencies. Unlike the ACA, the American Psychological Association (APA), however, has only established non-obligating instructional rules for multicultural competencies (Ridley & Kleiner, 2003). Nonetheless, a noteworthy period of progress came forth with the publication of the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2003). Supporters of multiculturalism worked together to incorporate and combine multiculturalism into the field of psychology and specific for APA (Arredondo & Perez,...
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...Emerging Issues in Multicultural Psychology Danielle Philp PSYCH 535 October 14, 2013 Dr. Edward Garrido Emerging Issues Multicultural Psychology The United States combines numerous cultures that are integrated and merged together. In theory this world seems to be a picture of harmony and unity, the reality of society is much more complex and challenging. With more immigrants from various cultures and backgrounds, the need for multicultural counseling increases. With this increase come two distinct issues for multicultural counseling: the counselor’s own personal culture, including his or her theoretical outlook, and the assortment of components forming the identity of the individual the counselor is advising. Counselor’s Culture In multicultural psychology it is essential to know of the client’s culture to be a culturally competent psychologist. However, many may overlook such that, competent psychologist need to be aware of his or her own personal culture and theoretical view. It is crucial to recognize and comprehend one’s culture and beliefs before commencing to understand and aid others, (Ibrahiam, 1985). Attentiveness...
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...Multicultural Psychology Multicultural Psychology Psychology is the organized study of behavior, thoughts and affects. Multicultural Psychology is a branch of the many different areas of psychology that analyzes the effects of culture on the feelings, behaviors, and thoughts of individuals. Culture is defined as a group of people characterized by shared values, customs, and behaviors. In this country there is emphasis placed on different racial groups, inter-marriage, minority adoptions and numerous other areas. According to “What is Multicultural Psychology” (n.d.), multicultural psychology differentiates between a narrow definition of culture which is limited to race, ethnicity, and nationality. The broad definition of culture includes any or all important and meaningful ways to identify individuals or groups. Multicultural psychology is needed because this country is so diverse where people of different backgrounds will always encounter one another. History The field of multicultural psychology has a long and complex history. Studies recognized the large cultural and social change in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as new immigrants, new women, and racial minorities strived for equality and social justice (Oliver, 2010). Psychologist conduct studies on human issues that begin before birth, and continue through the end of life. Multicultural psychology evolved primarily from clinical and counseling psychology. It evolved through...
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...my family about cultural diversity and differences? What are my stereotypes and biases about individuals from other groups? Identify Mark Kiselica’s emotional roadblocks to developing cultural competence. How come Mark Kiselica over-identified with people of color? What influenced Derald Sue to go into multicultural psychology? Compare and contrast the journey's of Mark Kiselica and Derald Sue CHAPTER 2 What challenges do you think counselors face in gaining cultural competence? Would you be willing to explore your own racism, sexism, heterosexism, able-body-ism as it relates to cultural competence? If so, why? If not, why not? What is worldview? How does your worldview influence how you relate to other people, institutions, nature, time, etc.? As a counselor, how would you implement the Multidimensional Model of ultural Competence into your work with clients? What are some culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques thatyou can use when working with diverse clients? If you have used interventions in the past, please discuss your success or failure with your interventions. Why might some organizations resist becoming multicultural in nature? Why is it important to understand group-specific worldviews in developing cultural competence? Speculate on some of the challenges...
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...Enns, C. Z., Williams, E. N., & Fassinger, R. E. (2012). 1 Feminist Multicultural Psychology: Evolution, Change, and Challenge. In C.Z. Enns and E.N. Wiliams (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Counseling Psychology, 3-26. The article by Enns, Williams, and Fassinger (2012) is inherently linked to multicultural psychology through its concern with the role of feminism in the context of multicultural psychology (p. 5). The multicultural and feminist perspectives of psychology are challenging to integrate, however, in doing so, the various issues relevant to the subjects are revealed. Multicultural psychology is concerned with the experiences of diverse groups of individuals. From the feminist multicultural perspective, individuals are in possession of...
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...confided in or came to when they wanted to talk or needed help with a problem. When growing up it was not common for black people to go to counseling. Families kept secrets among themselves and sometimes those secrets came back to haunt people many years later. When faced with problems people relied on their spiritual beliefs, the support of the family, and sometimes close friends. If a girl had gotten pregnant and not married that would have been kept top secret. Usually a family member would raise the baby and no one would ever speak openly about it. My family had to deal with the death of two of my brothers at young ages. It hurt my mother deeply having to deal with the loss of two children because of violence. These tragedies were never discussed even as we became adults. As I became older I realized that my mother and our entire family should have gotten counseling. It was not until after my mother passed that my uncle shared with me the pain and agony that she had suffered but his emotional pain as well. Your view of helping As an adult I see the damage that family secrets and not having the capability to openly discuss problems, or seek professional help when needed can cause. I believe that helping people to identify and resolve their problems is a profession that requires hard work, responsibility, honesty, ethics, and skills. Counseling is the opportunity for a person to make a positive difference in the lives the clients being served. Through research, use, and experiments...
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