...At the age of 72-years-old, Frank suffers from several health issues due to his lack of exercise. However, if Frank sat aside time each day designed for a walking program, he could potentially improve his physical and mental health. For starters, Frank had a cardiac arrest and also suffers from arthritis in his knees and several other joints. However, if Frank participated in a walking program he would be able to benefit from the cardiovascular aspects of it. For example, if Frank started walking he would be able strengthen his heart muscles and decrease his chances of getting a heart attack. He would also reduce his risk of a coronary heart disease and increase the efficiency of his heart and lungs. Frank’s muscle and bone condition would...
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... It is performed for various reasons. These include strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance and for enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the "diseases of affluence" such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. It also improves mental health, helps prevent depression, helps to promote or maintain positive self-esteem, and can even augment an individual's sex appeal or body image, which again is also linked with higher levels of self-esteem. Childhood obesity is a growing global concern and physical exercise may help decrease the effects of childhood obesity in developed countries. Physical exercise is important for maintaining physical fitness and can contribute positively to maintaining a healthy weight, building and maintaining healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility, promoting physiological well-being, reducing surgical risks, and strengthening the immune system. Exercise also reduces levels of cortisol. Cortisol is a stress hormone that builds fat in the abdominal region, making weight loss difficult. Cortisol causes many health problems, both physical and mental. Frequent and regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help prevent or treat serious and life-threatening chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, insomnia, and depression. Endurance exercise before...
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...Ever seen someone struggle with a rare disease? Frank Dinucci is a common person, who was shattered when he saw his 3-year-old son diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. A rare degenerative genetic muscle disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy leaves a sufferer with a life expectancy of 30 years. Earlier the disease had the life expectancy till teenage; Frank’s efforts and dedication have helped the researchers to find an ultimate cure for it. This disease is a sex-linked disease and only affects the boys at a young age. It encumbers the production of muscles cells in the body that holds the cellular membrane together. Young boys bound to a wheelchair in most cases, as they lose the ability to create that protein entirely. They experience...
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...ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better nutrition. Neurogenic atrophy occurs when there is an injury, or disease of a nerve that connects to the muscle. Neurogenic atrophy is more severe and tends to occur more suddenly. (Joseph V. Camelllone, M.D., 2015) The probable effects on the everyday life our 84 year old female can be debilitating if the diseases are at an advance stage. If not managing the diseases will be difficult but...
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...Kayla Barr API Mrs. Geralyn Caplan Pathology 3 November 2014 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common disorder affecting the muscular system. This form of muscular dystrophy is inherited and is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the dystrophin proteins of the muscles. Dystrophin is the largest gene known to man. (Tennyson, Klamut, Warton 1995). Hundreds of genes are responsible for producing the proteins that protect these muscle fibers from damage. In DMD, the dystrophin gene is defective. Where most forms of muscular dystrophy worsen slowly over time, Duchenne grows worse quite rapidly. Duchenne muscular is linked to the X-chromosome so the mother carries the disease and the defective gene but will likely never show symptoms. Their sons will each have a 50% chance of getting the disease and their daughters will each have a 50% chance of being carriers of the disease (Bushby, Finkel, Birnkrant, Case, Clemens, Cripe, Kaul, Kinnett, McDonald, Pandya, Poysky, Shapiro, Tomezsko, Constantin, 2010). The women who are carriers will pass the gene onto their children. One in every 3,500 live male births are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Chen, Ma, Zhang, Chen, Xing, Wang, Zhang, Luo, 2014). Most of these diagnoses have a line of family history with Duchenne muscular dystrophy that they were unaware of because it had not shown up in several generations. Females who are diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and show symptoms...
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...1. What is the illness, condition or disease you intend to study? Why did you choose this one? The illness that I have chosen is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [Commonly known as Motor Neurone Disease]. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that spontaneously breaks down the tissues in the nervous system;the causes are unknown. The cells in the Nervous System that help transmit nerve impulses that control voluntary muscle movements are called Motor Neurons. These Motor Neurons spontaneously degenerate which means that the connections from the brain to the muscles are lost . Without the pathways for the nerve impulses to travel down the muscles, the brain loses control of the voluntary muscles. Sufferers of ALS have virtually lost the...
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...and and movement this helps your body get more energy and boosts your metabolism. All of the major organs in the Muscular are as follows. One of the major organs in the muscular system is the smooth muscle. Another major organ in the muscular system is the cardiac muscle which is only the heart. The last major organ in the muscular system is the skeletal muscles, in our body we have over 600 skeletal muscles in the average human. The function of the muscular system is to allows movement by relaxing and contracting the muscles. Another function the muscular system can do is Stabilize our joints for balance. The muscular system also maintains our posture. The last function of the muscular system is that it generates heat during activity....
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...LSeven Steps to A More Youthful Life By Al Sears, MD When you were young, you probably said you never wanted to get old. I can understand why. As you age, you are ever more likely to get cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, deafness, blindness, incontinence, osteoporosis, arthritis, and impotence. Aging conjures up fears of becoming a weak and feeble invalid, a burden to your loved ones because you can no longer take care of yourself. Imagine though, if you could live to a ripe old age of 100 or so, yet retain the same body you had at say, 35. Imagine if you recaptured all the energy, strength, and resistance to disease that you had when you were young. Fortunately, medical science is currently discovering how and why the human body ages. Within the next few decades, it looks like science will learn how to put an end to the suffering of old age. And right now, there is enough known to significantly stall or even reverse certain aspects of the process of aging. In this report, I’m going to show you some very advanced tools you can use to slow down the rate at which you age. The more slowly you age, the more youthful you remain. This can not only extend your life but also save you from suffering from “old age” disease and disability. It will also help you look and feel years younger. How and Why You Age When I lecture on Anti-aging, I have learned from the audience to clarify one thing first. Anti-aging is not the same thing as life...
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...This disease is transmitted usually as an X- linked recessive trait, rarely as an autosomal dominant trait and exceptionally as an autosomal recessive trait. The creatine kinase level is raised when there are necrotic or regenerating muscle fibres, and is thus not an indication of relative predominance of either of this related phenomenon. In 1961, Driefuss and Hogan’s described a large family from Virginia with a slowly progressive muscular dystrophy showing x- linked inheritance. Unlike Duchenne and Beckers, there was a presence of contractures and absence of pseudo hypertrophy which delineated the symptoms of EMD. Cardiac involvement is the most serious and important aspect of the disease. It usually becomes evident as muscle weakness progresses, but may exceptionally occur before there is any significant weakness. In almost all those affected by the disorder there is some evidence of cardiac involvement by age 30...
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...total health and well being, in this text we will only emphasize the physical characteristics of total health. However, since no single area can stand fully separated from the rest, we will discover how small parts of each area are inevitably intertwined with each other. When defining physical fitness, two terms are commonly used: health related fitness, and athletic performance related fitness (also referred to as motor, or skill fitness). The components of these two types are as follows: Health related fitness • Cardiovascular endurance • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance • Muscle and joint flexibility • Body composition (lean mass vs. fat mass) Athletic Performance Related Fitness (motor or skill fitness) • Cardiovascular endurance • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance • Muscle and joint flexibility • Body composition • Coordination • Speed • Agility • Power • Balance • Reaction time • Neurological efficiency Although the five components of health fitness are included in athletic fitness, the additional athletic components are not necessary for total health fitness. However, those who desire to compete athletically will find it essential to go beyond health fitness. Developing the additional athletic fitness components of power, speed, agility, coordination, balance and neurological efficiency are considered mandatory for advanced...
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...Are steroids the way to go? What comes to mind, when you vision an extremely broad man with bulging muscles. Steroids are an easier way to get stronger, it helps build muscles promptly. This makes getting muscles quicker and not having to put in much effort. Steroid use can cause huge muscles, but could have awful health effects in the long. Some effects are heart failure and liver cancer. Finally, how steroids were used then and how they are used now. There are positives and negatives to using steroids. People that use steroids can get muscles with no trouble and don’t have to work as hard as someone that didn’t take them. On the downside, steroids can cause heart failure and hair loss. “Steroids promote cell growth and division, and thus can be used in training to help grow muscles quicker and easier than might be expected.”...
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...Obesity: the effects of this disease can have a big negative impact on the health of the human body. So big that changes can be an increase in body fat, increase in cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, decrease in daily movement such as walking, and eventually death. There are many causes of obesity, but the three most common causes are: lack of physical activity, increase of calorie consumption, and lack of sleep. Human beings by physical nature are meant to be physically active. Humans are supposed to spend most of their day walking around, hunting, eating, and sleeping at night. As you can see, the trend has changed a lot over the years. Humans are now more dependant on technology than ever before, making them more inactive than ever before. This will lead to loss of neuromuscular function such as picking something up from the ground, to putting the dishes away. The phrase “Use it or lose it” is very common term used in the health industry that is applied in neuromuscular function. The muscles in the body are lost due to lack of stimulation such as working out. The skeletal system starts get porous, which means that are holes in the bones making them more fragile and easier to break. So the end result is that the human is so thin that even a slight movement such as getting up would increase the chance of getting injured. Eating more calories than a human can burn off can lead to weight gain. Do this every day for a week and...
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...will provide information pertaining to exercise and the benefits of regular exercise on health and wellness. The information provided will describe the health benefits and identify the physiological responses that occur from participating in a regular exercise program. The importance of warm up and cool downs before and after exercise, flexibility, and resistance training will be the focus for this paper. Each topic will be explained to provide a basic knowledge of each topic. This paper will also analyze the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle. Health Benefits Regular exercise provides many physical and mental health benefits. Exercise decreases coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some forms of cancer. It also lowers blood pressure, increases coronary heart disease biomarkers, enhance insulin sensitivity, and weight management. Exercise in older adults preserves bone mass and lowers the risk for falls. Prevention of and improving mild to moderate depressive disorders and anxiety are some mental health benefits from exercising. Engaging in a physically active lifestyle enhances feelings of “energy”, well-being, quality of life, and cognitive decline and dementia (American College of Sports Medicine, 2011). Physiological Responses Exercise intensity is an important determinant of the physiological responses to exercise training. The greatest benefit is obtained through moderate to vigorous intensity activity. The short-term effects of...
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...the body system that consists of muscles, bones, neuromuscular junctions, ligaments, and tendons. The purpose of the musculoskeletal system is to generate force and to produce movement. This is done by contracting muscles which in turn pull bones and create movement. Like any body system, function follows form, and vice versa. The anatomy and position of the neuromuscular junction, sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules allow action potential to quickly spread across the entire muscle. The construction of a sarcomere allows it to contract quickly and efficiently. On the other hand, muscle contraction demonstrates that form follows function, as it is necessary for muscles to contract in a quick and coordinated...
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... Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The name myasthenia gravis, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means "grave muscle weakness." With current therapies, however, most cases of myasthenia gravis are not as "grave" as the name implies. In fact, for the majority of individuals with myasthenia gravis, life expectancy is not lessened by the disorder. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such as those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often, but not always, involved in the disorder. The muscles that control breathing and neck and limb movements may also be affected. Myasthenia gravis is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. It occurs when normal communication between the nerve and muscle is interrupted at the neuromuscular junction - the place where nerve cells connect with the muscles they control. Normally when impulses travel down the nerve, the nerve endings release a neurotransmitter substance called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine travels through the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors which are activated and generate a muscle contraction. In myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter,...
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