...I. Introduction Business-level strategy is an integrated and coordinated collection of commitments and actions that are used by firms to achieve a competitive advantage. The firms utilize core competencies in certain product markets. Under this strategy, firms specify their choices on how they plan to compete in individual product markets. It’s important that every firm develop a business-level strategy to create differences between its position and its competitors’ positions. The relationship between customers and business-level strategies is very important because customers are the source of the strategy’s success. It’s imperative that the firm differentiate who the customer will be (market segmentation), what are the customers’ needs, and how the company plans on satisfying the customers’ needs with core competencies. The relationship that a firm develops with its customers creates value and profitability. There are five business-level strategies that a firm can use to create and support its preferred strategic position against competitors. These include cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership, focused differentiation, and integrated cost leadership/differentiation. Chapter 6 discusses these five strategies along with the risks that are associated with each. Chapter 6 discusses corporate level strategies. Corporate-level strategy focuses on the actions a firm takes to achieve a competitive advantage by choosing and managing a collection of different businesses...
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...Executing a global growth strategy at Lenovo For the analysis of the process of globalization has been chosen Lenovo, currently classified at 370 in the ranking of Fortune Global 500. It came into existence in 2005 when Legend Holdings acquired the former Personal Computer Division of IBM, the company that invented the PC industry in 1981. Today, Lenovo is a $21 billion personal technology company and the world's second-largest PC vendor, with more than 26,000 employees serving customers in more than 160 countries The choice of this company prompted me my recent visit to one of the factories Lenovo, in Shenzhen, and a huge impression on me that this visit was exerted. This well-organized corporation attaches great importance to the planning of its development and is very determined in its objectives. Position that the company has achieved on very difficult market of personal computers proves accurate transformation strategy from local leader into a powerful global player. Lenovo's position in any part of it is not the work of chance. The following sections concentrate on the discussion of Lenovo’s core competence and its globalisation strategy. Lenovo was originally called Legend Beijing, and was founded in 1984 by Liu Chuanzhi along with ten colleagues at the Computer Technology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). With an initial investment of 200,000 Yuan, the company was established with the aim of commercializing the research and development activities...
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...internal, customers, and future. I chose this article for my paper because one of my goals in life is to be at the top of the pyramid at a for-profit company. Some of the tools that are mentioned in this article will help me build my foundation on to achieve my goals of reaching top management at a for-profit company. Brief Overview The article discusses how for-profit companies can build and increase their wealth from an internal and external standpoint. The article also addresses how resources are accessed, developed, combined and/or deployed which leads to wealth creation. Taking a balance scorecard approach is one way a company can determine how capabilities can lead to wealth creation. The balance scorecard approach consists of the following perspectives: financial, internal, customers, and the future. The article also proposed a modified balance scorecard which consists of shareholders, customers, employee, and future positioning perspective. The financial perspective is concerned with risk and profit from a shareholder point of view. Public firms are in business to create and increase shareholders wealth. If a firm is not profitable, shareholders will invest in other firms. Since increasing shareholders’ wealth is very important to firms, they began to compensate senior management based on shareholder performance. The financial perspective also deals with ratio analysis because ratios measure a firm’s current and historical performance. Companies also compare...
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...Explain what are any problems or challenges by four major Tata’s businesses; Tata hotel, Tata tea, Tata Steel, and Tata Motor, and justify the solutions for success in business management. Overall, those three Tata’s businesses have commonly objective to increase potential growth of marketing competitiveness, while to broaden management to be higher level of international-scale operation. To be sorted out by each department, Tata’s tea Due to being three times the size of Tata Tea, different economic scale of Tetley becomes a concern distracting firm manager overly focused on acquisition. This proposition corroborated according to the case is that “the senior management of Tetley was virtually unchanged after acquisition2” because the firm was trying to relieve complexity generated after acquisition. Thus, Tata’s tea could better restructure management temporarily from acquisition with supplemented Tetley’s tea to be leveraged buyouts due to managerial mistakes. Which is Tata tea management emphasized on product quality improvement in the long term by focusing on value-added, branded tea, and sales presence in advanced market rather than benefits of shareholders1. This can be noticed from the case that “Tata Tea limited its equity contribution to an amount that we could service on our own without any returns coming for a period of time even though not yet hurt Tata Tea shareholder2. This consequence would relieve the firm financial stress with initial high investment...
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...Introduction: Clearwater Seafoods (CS) is a seafood exporting firm based in Canada. The firm is suffering value declining from international trade due to the appreciation of Canadian dollars. Hence, the company’s value declined for 35% that fails to distribute dividends under income trust since 2002. The company has to hold a conference for shareholders to establish an appropriate strategy to address the value declining problem and change its unit holder’s pessimistic shareholding sentiment. This report will initially identify the root of foreign exchange risk that Clearwater Seafoods is encountering. After then, it will also discuss about the business risks that the firm needs to overcome. Further, we will try to find out relevant strategy to solve the company’s current issue. CS Foreign Exchange Risk As CS conducts international seafood trading, therefore, the firms receives foreign currencies and transfers its revenue into Canadian dollars. Additionally, the firm arranges its foreign exchange risk management operations which provide a considerable extra income for CS. However, there are significant risk will bring along from its foreign exchange management. Foreign exchange risk can be divided in to three types which are translation, transaction and economic risk. For CS, it source of foreign exchange risk can be as follows The first sort of risk is the translation risk. This occurs from the potential loss due to the moment when foreign currency transferred into home...
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...The theory of Industries Organisation and Resource-based view (RBV) has been the most commanding influence in the strategic analysis field for many years. In my opinion, the Barney’s (1991) Resource-Based view is the important factor in gaining competitive advantage for a multinational corporation. In order for a company to have a sustained competitive advantage over a period of time, they need to gain control and fully utilize resources and capabilities that are valuable, rare, inimitable and un-substitutable to the company (Barney and Hesterly, 2012). Basically, the RBV focuses more on the strengths and the weaknesses of the company and try to use the internal resources to ensure superior performance against its competitors. Barney (1991) emphasized three type of internal resources which is the physical, human and organizational capital resources. In today’s globalization, the economy is dynamic and constantly emerging. Madhani (2009) argues that RBV focuses on different types of resources and competencies to attain strategic importance and constantly changing and updating these elements over a period of time to keep competing in the dynamic market place. Managers of the firm need to keep track of the market place and make full use of the existing internal resources to maintain a sustaining competitive advantage. Over time, organizations need to establish a process which allows them to manipulate their services, products, routines and management in parallel with the market...
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...Performance in case of United Insurance Company and Shama Plc By Jemaneh Bayou Hailu January 2008 Approved by board of examiners Asst. Professor Abebe Yitayew Advisor Examiner ___________________ Signature ___________________ Signature Examiner ___________________ Signature Statement of Certification This is to certify that Jemaneh Bayou has carried out his project work on the topic “Merger: Valuation Process and Evaluation of Financial Performance in case of United Insurance Company and Shama Plc” under my supervision. In my opinion, this work qualifies for submission in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Masters of Science in Accounting and Finance. Signature________________ Abebe Yitayew (Asst.Professor) Project Advisor Statement of Declaration I declare that this project work is my original work. It has not been submitted for any degree/Diploma in any University. I have undertaken it independently with the advice and suggestions of my advisor for the project, Ato Abebe Yitayew (Asst.Professor). In carrying out of the project work I have different sources and materials, which have been appropriately acknowledged. Signature _________________________ Jemaneh Bayou Acknowledgement First of all I would like to thank the almighty God for helping me in the...
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...statements and Warren Buffett’s unique investment philosophy, the problem that must be answered is whether the acquisition of PacifiCorp increased Berkshire Hathaway’s intrinsic value. Buffett has a very unique way of measuring intrinsic value that would make it slightly more difficult to determine if this acquisition did, in fact, make Berkshire Hathaway more profitable. According to Warren Buffett, intrinsic value is “per-share progress”. Buffett assessed intrinsic value as the present value of future expected performance. For historical reference, Berkshire Hathaway has been outperforming the market since its inception in 1965. In 1977, the firm’s year-end closing share price was at $107. Fast-forward to May 24, 2005 and the closing price on BH’s Class A shares reached $85,500. Berkshire has had an annual increase of wealth of 24% since 1965, which is more than double the 10.5% of the average increase for other large stocks. It started out with a decline due to factors such as inflation, technological change, and competition from foreign competitors, but has come back strongly since it closed the textile side of its business operations. Most of this success can be attributed to Warren Buffett and his very unique investment philosophy that can be viewed very differently by many in the same field. According to the case, on the announcement day of the acquisition, Berkshire Hathaway class A shares closed 2.4% up for the day, while Scottish Power’s share price jumped 6.28%...
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...an organization’s future and the way in which it needs to respond to pressures and influences” (Farid, and Flynn, 2000). Strategic choice is a part of the strategic planning process that involves identifying and evaluating alternatives that leads to future opportunities. A good strategic choice has to be challenging enough to keep ahead of competitors but also achievable for the company (Farid, and Flynn, 2000). In this paper I will identify and evaluate my target firm Wells Fargo best strategic choices and alternatives the firm must consider to realize growth and opportunity. Value discipline Value discipline is an alternative approach to generic strategy. This alternative focus on delivering superior customer value through three components: operational excellence, customer intimacy, or product leadership. Companies that focus in one of these disciplines, although simultaneously meeting industry standards in the other two, gain a sustainable lead in the other two markets (pg. 185, 2011). This led develops when a firm’s emphasize on one discipline, aligning phases of operations with it. Wells Fargo value...
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...in R&D as a means of developing AC. Following from that, and building on the recent developments in literature, I argue that research in this area are needed and that the focus of research has to be aligned again to the Cohen and Levinthal’s 1989 and 1990 papers that discuss the general commercial application of acquired knowledge. This study, therefore, contributes to the understanding of absorptive capacity's antecedents and outcomes by offering important recommendations for policy makers and firms’ management. Introduction Nowadays, internal research and development (R&D) are integrated with knowledge sources external to the firm through licensing, company acquisition, R&D outsourcing, or the hiring of qualified researchers with relevant knowledge. This simultaneous internal and external knowledge acquisition activities prompt that these two activities are complementary. This recall the notion of “absorptive capacity”. The motivation on choose the topic of absorptive capacity (AC) is due to the large use of it by researchers to explain various organizational phenomena. In addition, according to the focus of the course on developing and emerging economies, AC can act as a valuable complement to the traditional set of policy interventions aiming at enhancing the innovation performance of catching up economies. Indeed, since firms' AC relates to a country's AC (Mowery and Oxley, 1995), a policy planned to develop firms' AC may be very effective in making the country more...
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...Assignment 2: My Firm’s Acquisition Lakisha Cochran Professor Cheryl Toops ITB 305 May 25, 2012 Lakisha’s Steel Distribution Acquisition As a CEO, you are trying to acquire a foreign firm. The size of your firm will double, and it will become the largest in your industry. What does your firm do and what does the foreign firm you are trying to acquire do? Where are the firms based? As a CEO of Lakisha’s Steel Distribution & Co, we aim to supply steel to different companies for; construction purposes, building appliances, building new homes, building bridges, and we supply steel to many other companies for other various reasons. The firm that we are trying to acquire is Durudee’s Metal Co; we are trying to acquire this company because they are the leading distributer worldwide when it comes to metals. Acquiring Durudee’s Metal Co. will give us a competitive advantage over our competitors because we will be the leading distributer over steel and metal. Durudee’s Metal Co, is located in Hat Yai, Thailand whereas Lakisha’s Steel Distribution is located in Charlotte, North Carolina. You are very enthusiastic about the opportunity to be a leading captain of industry and the associated power, prestige, and income. (You expect your salary, bonus, and stock option to double next year). However, you are troubled by the fact that 70% of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) reportedly fail. How...
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...Accounting for Business Combinations: A Test for Long-Term Market Memory By Pongprot Chatraphorn Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Business Administration with a Concentration in Accounting Dr. John A. Brozovsky, Chair Dr. Anthony J. Amoruso Dr. Robert M. Brown Dr. Frederick M. Richardson Dr. Keying Ye December 19, 2001 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Business Combinations, Mergers, Acquisitions, Pooling, Purchase Accounting Copyright 2001, Pongprot Chatraphorn Accounting for Business Combinations: A Test for Long-Term Market Memory Pongprot Chatraphorn ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine whether accounting methods for business combinations (purchase and pooling-of-interests accounting) have a different effect on firms’ market value of equity in the combination year and thereafter. In particular, after the accounting method is no longer disclosed in the financial statements, does it have an impact on market value of equity of the combined firms because the accounting figures are different? A five-year period subsequent to a particular business combination is used because public companies are not required to disclose the details of the combination for more than three years after the effective date of the combination. This research, thus, tests whether market participants still take into...
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...• HOW TO DEVELOP A RESEARCH IDEA • An Illustrated case • The Research idea In my research I intent to examine the challenges, strengths and impacts of corporate leadership and governance in reference to W.E.TILLEY GROUP a selected family owned firm in East Africa. My main motivation in this study is … (explain your motivation). Emphasis will be on leadership and corporate governance aspects in the firm. These include but not limited to profits and power sharing methods, leadership styles and challenges, succession plans, decision making on complex issues like mergers, acquisitions, take over’s, loans etc.. Also generational changes in the family and their impacts on growth of the family owned firm. Alignment of principals with their agents and their effects on firm’s performance. Appointment of directorship within the family member vis-a-viz professional or educational qualifications. Do culture, religion and external influences have impact on firm’s performance and growth? • Starting point • Read as much you can about the research area • What is a family owned business? • Why should any one care about them? • What are their characteristics • What challenges do they face and why? • In the first instance, just google, let’s just google our title “Challenges Of Corporate Leadership And Governance In Family Owned Firms” • This give us some ideas, we can also google the questions above. ...
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...1.0 BACKGROUND In assignment 2, I was assigned to find the relationship between Free Cash Flow (from now on refer as FCF), Economic Value Added (from now on refer as EVA) and Market Value Added (from now on refer as MVA), specifically whether a company with high FCF also have high EVA and MVA. Explanation using empirical evidence is also needed to support my reasoning and arguments. Therefore, in order to complete this assignment, I have used a few types of references which are financial management reference books, journals, articles from Fortune magazine and set-up an interview with Mr. Amiruddin b. Abdul Shukor which is the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for Nationwide Express Courier Services Berhad. Throughout his career, he had worked in Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB), Permodalan Terengganu Berhad (PTB), Securities Comission Malaysia (SC) and Malaysian Industrial Development Finance Berhad (MIDF). An interview session was set with him on 2/12/2011 at his office in the headquarters of Nationwide Express Courier Services Berhad in Shah Alam, Selangor. 2.0 FINDINGS 2.1 Free Cash Flow In definition, FCF is the cash flow actually available for distribution for investors after the company has made all the investment in fixed assets and working capital necessary to sustain ongoing operations (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2005). Basically, the formula for FCF is as follows: In the investors’ perspective, positive value of FCF is more favorable than negative value because...
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...Capstone, Assignment 4 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX BUS 499 Capstone XXXXXXXXXXXX. Company Background Mergers and acquisitions are as old as business itself. In 2014 mergers and acquisitions are happening at an alarming rate. In May, 2014, Apple announced it would acquire Beats Electronics for $3 billion dollars. Apple is an international corporation co-founded by the late pioneer Steve Jobs. Apple’s current CEO is Tim Cook. He has previously worked for its competitors, Compaq and IBM. Apple has insisted on improving the way their suppliers treat their employees around the globe. The company recently posted the following to their website: We’ve strengthened our programs to help suppliers protect student interns and other at-risk workers. We’re continuing our efforts to end excessive work hours. In 2013, our suppliers achieved an average of 95 percent compliance with our maximum 60-hour workweek. We’re driving responsible sourcing of minerals, and we’ve publicly released a list of smelters and refiners in our supply chain to promote transparency (Corporate Responsibility, 2014). The Beats Electronics acquisition brings an electronic company that specializes in headphones and speaker technology. Beats Audio is the technology behind the brand. The brains behind the brain of Beats is Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young, AKA Dr. Dre. The acquisition may prove to be a natural transition for the company. Beats Electronics have had their products included automobiles and computers...
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